Objective:To investigate the effect of different crown heights of lateral incisor and canine on smile esthetics perception between orthodontists and patients.Methods:A total of 31 orthodontists and 56 patients on smile aesthetics perception were investigated.We adjusted the height of lateral incisor and canine to get 20 kinds of anterior tooth area morphology by Photoshop and asked interviewees to grade.Scores of satisfaction were recorded by Likert method.Results:Subjects in the 2 groups preferred smiles with upper anterior teeth edge parallel to lower lip.There was better acceptance for longer canines and less satisfaction at shorter lateral incisors in patients.Patients also got higher discrete degree of evaluation results and more rigorous about smile esthetics than orthodontists.Conclusion:Orthodontists and patients have different satisfaction at esthetics of anterior teeth.Esthetics preference should be considered in orthodontic treatment schedule.

【Objective】 To explore the effects of breastfeeding on the immune response of CD4⁺T lymphocytes in infants in non-inflammatory state, and to analyze the immunomodulatory significance of the whole composition of breast milk. 【Methods】 A retrospective cohort study was conducted. From January to September 2022, six-month-old infants who took physical examination in the Child Healthcare Department of Changzhou Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, were selected based on inclusion criteria, and were divided into breastfeeding group (n=33) and formula feeding group (n=27) based on their feeding patterns. Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of CD4⁺ T cells, including helper T cell (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T cell (Treg), and the levels of related cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17 in peripheral blood. The differences in these indicators between the two groups were compared. 【Results】 Compared with the formula feeding group, the breastfeeding group showed significantly higher percentages of Th1(t=3.038), Treg (t=2.088). The ratio of Th1 to Th2(Z=2.756), IL-10(Z=2.297) and IFN-γ (Z=2.076) in the peripheral blood of the breastfeeding group were also significantly higher. Conversely, the breastfeeding group had significantly lower percentage of Th17(Z=2.704) and IL-17A (t=2.187) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference the percentage of Th2, as well as in the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α between the two groups (P>0.05). 【Conclusions】 Breastfeeding has a regulatory effect on the immune response of infant CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. It promotes the development of Th1/Th2 towards Th1 and the immunomodulatory effect of Treg. Moreover, it inhibits the Th17 type immune response. These findings suggest that the complete composition of breast milk contributes to the development and maturation of infant immune system, enhancing immune defense and immune tolerance.