Condyloma acuminatum is a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus infection. In recent years, the incidence of anal canal condyloma acuminatum is gradually increasing, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. At present, various treatment options are available for condyloma acuminatum. There is no method to completely eradicate condyloma acuminatum. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy is a novel approach that uses photosensitizers and light to treat condyloma acuminatum and has been widely used in the clinic. This paper reviews the underlying action mechanism of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy and the clinical research progress of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of anal canal condyloma acuminatum.

Objective To investigate the effect of combining electroacupuncture with nerve mobilization to improve lower extremity motor function after sciatic nerve injury. And to document any changes in mRNA and protein expression of Ras-related C3 botoxin substrate 1. Methods 180 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a normal control group, a model control group, an electroacupuncture group, a nerve mobilization group, and an elec-troacupuncture combined with nerve mobilization group, each of 36. Sciatic nerve injury was modelled using the clam-ping method in all except the normal control group. The control group had no intervention, while the nerve mobiliza-tion group, the electroacupuncture group and the combined group were treated with nerve mobilization, and/or elec-troacupuncture applied to the rabbit analogue of the jiaji acupoint. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks of treatment, toe reflex scores and modified Tarlov scores were used to assess any functional recovery. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks of treatment, 12 of the rabbits in each group were sacrificed and the sciatic nerve and the L4-L6 segments of the spinal cord were re-sected. The expression of Ras-related C3 botoxin substrate 1 mRNA and protein was detected using the polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results Sciatic nerve function and the expression of Ras-related C3 botoxin sub-strate 1 mRNA in the spinal cords and sciatic nerves of the three treatment groups were significantly higher than in the model control group at all three time points, but significantly lower than in the normal control group. The combined group′s results were significantly better than with electroacupuncture or nerve mobilization alone. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks of treatment, the average expression of Ras-related C3 botoxin substrate 1 protein in the spinal cords of the three treatment groups was significantly higher than the model control group′s average, but significantly lower than that of the normal control group at the same time point. After 1 week of treatment the average expression of Ras-related C3 botoxin substrate 1 protein in the spinal cords of the combined group was significantly higher than that in the group receiving electroacupuncture alone. After 2 and 4 weeks it was also significantly higher than the nerve mobilization group′s aver-age. After 1 week of treatment, the average expression of Ras-related C3 botoxin substrate 1 protein in the sciatic nerves of all three treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the control group. However, 1 and 3 weeks later the av-erage protein expression in the sciatic nerves was significantly higher than in the model control group, but significantly lower than in the normal control group at the same time points. The combined group′s average was then significantly higher than those of the groups receiving electroacupuncture or nerve mobilization alone at the same time point. Conclusion Nerve stimulation combined with electroacupuncture applied to the jiaji acupoint can promote the regener-ation of axons after sciatic nerve injury. The mechanism may be related to up-regulation of the Ras-related C3 botoxin substrate 1 gene and protein expression in the injured sciatic nerve and corresponding spinal cord segments.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of plasma cell mastitis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 10 patients with plasma cell mastitis treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to December 2022. The postoperative complications, symptoms and signs of the patients, ultrasound imaging manifestations, treatment efficacy at 3 months after surgery, the reduction rate of ablation lesions at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery, the recurrence status within 1 year after surgery, and the satisfaction with the treatment effect were observed.Results:The reduction rates of ablation lesions at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months were 32.31%-51.00%[(42.78±4.48)%], 70.66%-86.68%[(70.45±12.43)%], 72.31%-100%[(86.91±7.45)%], 89.13%-100%[(96.07±7.45)%], respecctively. The symptoms and signs of 10 patients improved significantly 3 months after surgery, and there was no recurrence of the disease during the follow-up period, and the treatment effect was significant and satisfactory.Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of plasma cell mastitis is a minimally invasive, effective and safe treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of ovarian mature cystic teratoma.Methods:A total of 35 patients with mature cystic teratoma of the ovary diagnosed and treated in the ultrasound intervention room of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2020 to May 2023 were selected retrospectively. According to the inclusion criteria, 23 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation were enrolled in this study, and the therapeutic effect and the reduction rate of the ablation lesions 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery were observed. The occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications was observed. The changes of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E 2) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were compared before surgery, 3 days, and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results:All 23 patients underwent radiofrequency ablation successfully, and the complete ablation rate was 100%. The reduction rates were (29.95±13.89)%, (51.45±17.62)% and (73.82±23.63)% at 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. There were no serious complications during and after operation. There were no significant differences in serum levels of FSH, LH, E 2 and AMH before surgery, 3 days, and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is a safe, minimally invasive and effective treatment for ovarian mature cystic teratoma.

In this article, methods of measuring and evaluating treatment adherence, based on whether they are objective and subjective, are reviewed upon literature examination, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method for different population segments are also discussed.It is intended to provide medical professionals and researchers with a general framework about adherence assessment methods.During treatment and research, medical professionals and researchers should select the most appropriate methods for their purposes and provide effective and personalized evaluation methods to ultimately evaluate and improve patients' medication adherence.

Cushing's syndrome(CS),an endocrine disorder resulting from excessive glucocorticoid se-cretion by the adrenal cortex,poses significant challenges to both diagnosis and treatment.The diagnostic process involves comprehensive evaluation,combining laboratory tests and imaging studies for screening,quali-fication,and localization.Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment approach,although pharmacologi-cal therapy also plays a crucial role.With an increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of CS,more potential targets for orphan drug development have been discovered.This article summarizes the current status of diagnosis and treatment for CS and provides an outlook on future research directions.

Objective To investigate the use of hepatoprotective drugs in China in recent years, and to put forward related suggestions. Methods The outpatient prescription data of hepatoprotective drugs were collected from 85 hospitals in 6 cities of China from 2015 to 2019, and a real-world data analysis was performed to analyze the payment method, issuing department, drug category, and use of hepatoprotective drugs. Results A total of 1 113 575 prescriptions were extracted, involving 38 hepatoprotective drugs such as compound glycyrrhizin, polyene phosphatidylcholine, and bicyclol. Hepatoprotective drugs were mainly in tertiary hospitals, and the highest number of prescriptions containing hepatoprotective drugs were observed in department of infectious diseases, department of gastroenterology, and department of tuberculosis. Anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective drugs accounted for the highest proportion of all prescriptions, mainly compound glycyrrhizin, polyene phosphatidylcholine, and bicyclol. Of all prescriptions, 253 429 (22.76%) had the combination of multiple hepatoprotective drugs, with the highest number of 6 drugs, among which polyene phosphatidylcholine combined with bicyclol accounted for the highest proportion. Conclusion There are large quantities of hepatoprotective drugs used by outpatients in China. At present, the hepatoprotective drugs are clinically applied rationally, but there are still some problems to be solved, such as the combination of drugs.

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the hemostatic effect and safety of snake venom hemocoagulase drugs in abdominal surgery， so as to provide evidence-based evidence for clinic. METHODS Retrieved from Embase， Cochrane Library， PubMed， China Biomedical Literature Database， CNKI and Wanfang database， randomized controlled trials （RCTs） about 3 kinds of snake venom hemocoagulase drugs （Hemocoagulase injection， Hemocoagulase Bothrops atrox for injection， Haemocoagulase Agkistrodon for injection） in abdominal surgery were collected from the establishment of the database to Aug. 2023. Screening， quality evaluation， and data extraction were conducted on literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria， and Cochrane 5.1 was used for literature quality evaluation. The risk bias diagram and network diagram were drawn by Stata 15.1 software， and the Bayesian network meta-analysis was carried out by using R 3.6.2 software and Markov chain-Monte Carlo method. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included， involving 1 401 patients， 852 in the study group， and 549 in the control group. In terms of hemostatic effect， Hemocoagulase injection was significantly superior to Haemocoagulase Agkistrodon for injection [MD＝－2.45， 95%CI （－4.39，－0.24）， P＜0.05]， and the probability of reducing intraoperative bleeding was ranked as follows： Hemocoagulase injection＞hemocoagulase B. atrox for injection＞Haemocoagulase Agkistrodon for injection； in terms of safety， there was no statistically significant difference between the three snake venom hemocoagulase drugs and placebo （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The hemostatic effect of Hemocoagulase injection in abdominal surgery is significantly better than that of Haemocoagulase Agkistrodon for injection； all three snake venom hemocoagulase drugs have good safety.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of ADRB1 Arg389Gly polymorphisms on the efficacy of bisoprolol， thus providing some information for individualized drug therapy. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library， CBM， CNKI， and Wanfang Data to retrieve and find out all relevant literature about bisoprolol and ADRB1 Arg389Gly polymorphism from the inception to May 2023. The retrieved literature was screened and selected according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria， thereafter quality assessment was conducted. RevMan 5.4 software was utilized to perform the meta- analysis for the outcome index. RESULTS Overall 7 literature with 1 339 cases were included. Among them， 4 studies provided the changes in systolic blood pressure （SBP）， diastolic blood pressure （DBP） （ΔSBP and ΔDBP）； 4 involving the change （ΔLVEF） of left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）. Results of the study showed that there was no statistical significance in the improvement of blood pressure between wild-type group （AA） and mutation group （AG+GG） of ADRB1 Arg389Gly treated with bisoprolol {ΔSBP [SMD＝0.17，95%CI （－0.97，1.31）， P＝0.77]， ΔDBP [SMD＝－0.01，95%CI （－0.65，0.62）， P＝0.97]}； there was no statistical significance in the improvement of ΔLVEF [SMD＝－0.61， 95%CI （－2.74，1.53）， P＝0.58] between 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS ADRB1 Arg389Gly gene polymorphism has no significant influence on the improvement of SBP， DBP， and LVEF in cardiovascular patients who use bisoprolol.

OBJECTIVE According to the rapid Health Technology Assessment （HTA） for postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP），To evaluate the efficacy ，safety and economy of calcitonin in the treatment of PMOP ，and provide evidence -based medical evidence for clinical drug decision . METHODS Retrieved from the Cochrane Library ，PubMed，Embase，CNKI，Wanfang database，CBM and HTA official website ，systematic review/meta -analysis，pharmacoeconomics research and HTA reports about calcitonin in the treatment of PMOP were retrieved from the inception to Sept . 30th，2022. Two researchers independently carried out screening ，data extraction and quality evaluation ，and analyzed the data results descriptively . RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included ，including 12 SR/meta-analysis and 6 economic studies ，and no HTA report was retrieved . In terms of effectiveness ， the results of the included studies were basically consistent ：calcitonin had a certain advantage in reducing the incidence of vertebral fracture compared with calcium and lasoxifene alone ，but did not show clinical advantage compared with other positive drugs . In terms of reducing the incidence of non -vertebral fractures ， calcitonin had some advantages ，compared with calcium al one and raloxifene ，but did not show clinical advantage compared with other positive drugs . In terms of improving bone mineral density（BMD），only 2 studies showed that calcitonin had a certain advantage over calcium but no advantage was observed compared with other positive drugs . In terms of improving non - vertebral BMD ，only 1 study showed that calcitonin combined with calcium had certain advantages compared with calcium alone in improving femoral BMD ，but there was no advantage compared with other positive drugs . In terms of lowering bone pain scores ， both included studies demonstrated short -term benefit of nasal calcitonin in reducing acute pain was found in patients with vertebral fractures，but not in patients with chronic pain . In terms of safety ，the three included studies showed that calcitonin caused mild adverse reactions compared with other positive drugs ，but there was a risk of malignant tumors after long -term use . In terms of economy，only 1 study showed the use of nasal calcitonin in the treatment of PMOP had more economic advantages than no treatment or etidronate . CONCLUSIONS Calcitonin has a certain effect on reducing acute pain in patients with PMOP vertebral fracture，and its safety needs further investigation . No obvious economic advantage has been found .