Objective:To evaluate the value of ultrasound Doppler renal blood flow measurement in diagnosing early renal damage of hypertension. Methods:Eighty patients with hypertension and 20 normotensive subjects were included in this study. They were classified into four groups according to blood or urine β2-MG contents and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER). All patients were measured by ultrasound Doppler renal blood flow. Correlation analysis was performed between β2-MG or UAER and the parameters of renal blood flow measurement. Results:(1)Peak velocity in systole(Vs)、end diastolic velocity(Vd) decreased and pulsed index(PI)、resistance index(RI) of segmental and interlobar artery increased in all hypertensives with early renal damage. PI of interlobar artery more than 1.00 and/or RI more than 0.60 is associated with early renal damage in hypertensives;(2)Hypertensives with diabetes and early renal damage have higher Vs and lower Vd and significant increased RI、PI. Compared with hypertensives with early renal damage，hypertensives with diabetes had more serious renal damage at the equivalent DBP level. Conclusion:Ultrasound Doppler renal blood flow measurement may be clinically useful in the noninvasive evaluation of early renal damage of hypertension.

Recent studies have demonstrated that bitter taste receptors are distributed not only in oral cavity but also in non-gustatory systems,such as the respiratory,digestive,reproductive and cardiovascular systems.The physiological role of bitter taste receptors is to recognize bitter substances or bacterial secretions,to trigger the immune response and to maintain the internal environmental homeosta-sis.In addition,oral bitter taste receptors are expressed not only in taste buds,perceiving bitter taste,but also in many other parts of periodontal tissues,which is the potential treatment target for oral infectious diseases.This review summarized the expression and distri-bution of oral bitter taste receptors which was off the taste buds and their roles in regulating oral inflammation and oral bacteria,dis-cussed the effects of genetic polymorphism of bitter taste receptor 38 subtype(TAS2R38)on innate immunity and its relationship with the susceptibility of dental caries and periodontal,aimed to provide novel ideas for the better prevention and treatment of dental caries and periodontal diseases.