Objective:To evaluate the value of ultrasound Doppler renal blood flow measurement in diagnosing early renal damage of hypertension. Methods:Eighty patients with hypertension and 20 normotensive subjects were included in this study. They were classified into four groups according to blood or urine β2-MG contents and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER). All patients were measured by ultrasound Doppler renal blood flow. Correlation analysis was performed between β2-MG or UAER and the parameters of renal blood flow measurement. Results:(1)Peak velocity in systole(Vs)、end diastolic velocity(Vd) decreased and pulsed index(PI)、resistance index(RI) of segmental and interlobar artery increased in all hypertensives with early renal damage. PI of interlobar artery more than 1.00 and/or RI more than 0.60 is associated with early renal damage in hypertensives;(2)Hypertensives with diabetes and early renal damage have higher Vs and lower Vd and significant increased RI、PI. Compared with hypertensives with early renal damage，hypertensives with diabetes had more serious renal damage at the equivalent DBP level. Conclusion:Ultrasound Doppler renal blood flow measurement may be clinically useful in the noninvasive evaluation of early renal damage of hypertension.

OBJECTIVE:To put forward relevant suggestions for promoting the R&D cooperation in biomedical field in China. METHODS:Information of all invention co-patents in biomedical fields during 2000-2015 in patent database was collected,includ-ing year,patent name,application number,applicant,patent address,etc.,and descriptive statistical analysis was conducted. RE-SULTS:The number of invention co-patents in biomedical fields had been increasing year by year,and the number of invention co-patents in 2015 was about 9 times than that in 2000. Invention co-patents mainly came from Beijing,Shanghai and Guangdong,accounting for 49.1%. The top 15 applicants had 983 invention co-patents in total,accounting for 8.9% of the total number of co-patents,7 of which were enterprises. And in the invention co-patents applied by the top 10 cities for GDP ranking in 2014,inven-tion co-patents applied by enterprises,scientific research institutions(include hospitals)and universities accounted for 56.2% of all patents. CONCLUSIONS:The R&D cooperation in biomedical fields has mainly focused on a few developed provinces and cities, with low concentration of invention co-patents;the R&D cooperation is mainly led by enterprises,and hospitals have low participa-tion. The government should establish national biomedical information sharing platform,raise the R&D cooperation awareness of large-scale pharmaceutical enterprises and encourage hospitals to actively participate in R&D cooperation activities in biomedicine fields.

Objective:To analyze the public demands for information about congenital birth defects in “Baidu zhidao” based on word frequency retrieval.Methods:Based on discussion between obstetrics and gynecology experts and epidemiological experts, the key words related to congenital birth defects were determined and the search strategy was formulated. Python 2.7 was used for web crawler search. Questions related to congenital birth defects were obtained on the “Baidu zhidao” platform, and then the R 4.0.2 software was used to process the data, complete the semantic analysis of keywords and statistical analysis of word frequency, and draw word cloud graph and polar chart to describe the key results.Results:A total of 16668 non-repetitive questions were retrieved from “Baidu zhidao” platform, and the frequency of semantic words was 15 371. Among them, 35.02% were the names and symptoms of congenital birth defects. In addition, the frequency of congenital heart disease was the highest (26.09%). The results of subject analysis of key words of birth defects showed that the average word frequency of diagnosis and treatment semantic words (49.55) was significantly higher than that of etiology and prevention semantic words (12.47). In addition, the key words of examination, cause, treatment, development and heredity were more frequently used in the semantic words related to the seven types of systemic malformations.Conclusion:The public in China has a high demand for information on congenital birth defect related diseases, and their causes, prevention and treatment, especially congenital heart disease.

Objective:To explore the correlation between mechanical complications and paraspinal muscle degeneration following posterior single-segment osteotomy corrective surgery for chronic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 patients who underwent surgery between January 2008 and January 2021 at Peking University Third Hospital. These patients, who developed kyphotic deformity following OVCF, included 17 males and 63 females with a mean age of 63.21±8.07 years (range, 47-77 years). Postoperative mechanical complications included proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), screw loosening, adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), and distal junctional kyphosis or failure. Patients were compared based on the occurrence of mechanical complications in relation to fat infiltration (FI), relative gross cross-sectional area (rGCSA), and relative functional cross-sectional area (rFCSA) of the paraspinal muscles. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for postoperative complications.Results:Among the 80 patients, 19 developed PJK, while 61 did not. The PJK group exhibited significantly higher paraspinal muscle FI (0.44±0.05) compared to the non-PJK group (0.38±0.10, P<0.05). Screw loosening occurred in 7 cases, with 73 cases remaining stable. Those with screw loosening demonstrated higher paraspinal muscle FI (0.47±0.05) than those without (0.38±0.09, P<0.05). Thirty patients experienced ASD, while 50 did not. The ASD group had higher paraspinal muscle FI (0.45±0.07) and lower rFCSA (0.09±0.03) compared to the non-ASD group (0.36±0.10 and 0.13±0.06, respectively, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that paraspinal muscle FI and rFCSA were not independent risk factors for developing ASD. Twenty-three patients experienced distal junctional kyphosis or failure, while 57 did not; those with complications exhibited higher paraspinal muscle FI (0.48±0.08) and lower rGCSA (0.16±0.04) and rFCSA (0.09±0.03) compared to those without complications (0.37±0.09, 0.20±0.09, and 0.13±0.06, respectively, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that paraspinal muscle FI, rGCSA, and rFCSA were not independent risk factors for developing distal junctional kyphosis or failure. Conclusion:Mechanical complications following corrective surgery for chronic OVCF-related kyphosis may be associated with increased paraspinal muscle FI. Additionally, the occurrence of ASD and distal junctional kyphosis or failure may correlate with reduced paraspinal muscle rFCSA

ObjectiveTo study the bioactive secondary metabolites of Talaromyces sp. TP21 and their bioactivities. MethodThe secondary metabolites of Talaromyces sp. TP21 were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， normal phase and reversed phase column chromatography combined with molecular networking and bioassay-guided fractionation， and their structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） and high resolution mass spectrometry （HR MS）. The inhibitory effects of the compounds on the growth of the lung cancer cell line A549 and the liver cancer cell line Hep G2 were measured by themethyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） method. The antimicrobial activities of the compounds were measured with Staphylococcus aureus and human oral cavity-derived Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the indicator microorganisms. ResultSeventeen compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of Talaromyces sp. TP21 and identified as ergochrome C （1）， daldiniaeschsone A （2）， seco-blennolide B （3）， penitholabene （4）， penicichrysogene A （5）， orsellinic acid （6）， griseofulvin （7）， isorhodoptilometrin （8）， （+）-5-chloromitorubrinic acid （9）， penicillixanthone A （10）， pentacecilide B （11）， pentacecilide C （12）， chrodrimanin C （13）， chrodrimanin E （14）， chrodrimanin H （15）， chrodrimanin F （16）， and 3-hydroxypentacecilide A （17）. ConclusionCompounds 1-5， 11-12， and 17 were isolated from Talaromyces for the first time. Among them， compounds 4， 7， and 10-12 exhibited inhibitory activities against the growth of A549 and Hep G2 cells， with the median inhibitory concentration below 50 μmol·L^-1. Furthermore， compounds 9 and 10 showed inhibitory activities against S. aureus and human oral cavity-derived S. cerevisiae， with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 8-128 mg·L^-1.