OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application of antibiotics in 2009 so as to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics in our hospital. METHODS:3 500 cases were randomly collected from our hospital in 2009 for statistical analysis of antibacterials application. RESULTS:Of 3 500 cases,2 580 cases involve antibacterials,accounting for 73.7%. Prophylactic application of antibiotics accounted for 39.6% and therapeutic application accounted for 60.4%. CONCLUSION:The application of antibacterials was improved to some extent and bacteria examination rate was increased significantly. However,there were still many problems,such as the abuse of antibacterials,unreasonable combination of antibacterials,low rate of bacterial detection.

Objective To improve the operative outcome of parasagittal meningiomas in central area. Methods Twenty patients with parasagittal meningiomas were treated with microsurgery. Of them, 16 cases were taken DSA exzamination before operation to evaluate the blood supplies of the tumor, compensation of venus return around the tumor after obstruction of the sagittal sinus. During the operation, the parasagittal blood supplies were blocked first, the tumors were resected piece by piece. Rolandic veins, other compensative venous pathways and normal brains around the tumors were protected, and the involved sagittal sinuses were appropriately treated. Results Total removal of the tumor was reached in 17 cases, nearly total removal in 3 cases, no death. Postoperatively, 1 patient developed hemiparesis, 2 had paresis of both lower extremities. No tumor recurrence was found in 13 patients during the follow-up of 3～7 years. Conclusion Using microsurgical techniques in the resection of parasagittal meningioma in central area may improve the percentage of total tumor resection, decrease the injuries of important functional area of the brain, reduce complications and improve survival outcome.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum soluble factor-related apoptosis (sFas) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) and their relations with cognition disorders in the patients with vascular dementia (VaD). Methods Serum concentrations of sFas and sFasl were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared between 70 patients with VaD aged (72.5± 7.5)years and 50 healthy elderly people aged(72.5 ± 7.5)years.The VaD patient's cognitive functions were evaluated by activity of daily living scale (ADL),mini mental state examination (MMSE) and hachinski ischemia score (Hachinski). Results The serum levels of sFas and sFasL in VaD patients were (228.0±60.7)μg/L and (146.8±30.1)μg/L,and in the healthy elderly were (62.4±22.6)μg/L and (82.3 ± 18.7)μg/L,respectively.The serum levels of apoptosis factors in VaD patients were significantly higher than in the healthy controls (t=20.883,14.453,P＜0.01).sFas level was negatively correlated with age,the scores of ADL and Hachiuski while positively with the scores of MMSE (r=-0.956,-0.943,-0.950 and 0.904,all P＜0.01). sFasL level was negatively correlated with the scores of MMSE while positively with age,the scores of ADL and Hachinski (r=-0.899,0.963,0.948 and 0.939,a11 P＜0.01). Conclusions Apoptosis may be involved in the pathological change during VaD and the serum levels of sFas and sFasL might be related with cognition disorders.

Due to its great clinical significance, brain injury following cardiac arrest (CA) has attracted more attention now. Meanwhile, there are currently no approved real time objective methods used to monitor brain injury following CA. In this study, we adopt the method of nonextensive Kullback-Leibler Entropy in investigating the HRV signals from brain injury and compare the result with that of corresponding EEG analysis. The comparative analysis shows that Kullback-Leibler Entropy can reveal the injury level of brain following CA. And we propose a novel quantitative approach for monitoring brain injury.
Algorithms ; Brain ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Brain Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; Heart Arrest ; complications ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience in applying acupunctural anesthesia (AA) with new combination principle (NCP) of acupoints in supratentorial craniocerebral operation of tumor in functional area or deep site of brain.

METHODSWith the acupoints selection of AA changed from the previous combination principle of near segmental and peri-operational region to the NCP of near-remote along corresponding meridian, craniotomy was carried out under AA in 23 patients.

RESULTSOperation was performed successfully in all the patients, 82.6% of them with the effectiveness reaching I A grade. In those operated on the vital functional area, such as central anterior/posterior gyrus and language center, the accidental functional injury could be well prevented.

CONCLUSIONAA with NCP of acupoints has satisfactory effect in supratentorial craniocerebral operation of functional area or deep site of brain, it is especially valuable in monitoring the effect of operation on function of around normal cerebral area to avoid accident injury.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; methods ; Acupuncture Points ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Glioma ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Supratentorial Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective: To explore the research focus on Chinese medicine intervene stem cells in the treatment of ischemic heart disease and provide reference for the future research in this field by retrieving, co-occurrence analyzing and cluster analyzing of quantitative analysis the related literature. Methods: The literatures related to this study were retrieved from the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI) and PubMed database. The high frequency words were cooccurrence analyzing and cluster analyzing by bibliographic item co-occurrence matrix builder (BICOMB) software, Cytoscape3.6.1 drawing software and SPSS statistical analysis software. Results: In CNKI, there were 116 literatures published and 43 high frequency words (frequency＞ 3 times), and it had 226 co-occurrence relation among high frequency words. The high-frequency words were clustered into 7 categories. In PubMed, there were 44 literature published and 35 high frequency words (frequency＞3 times), and it had 355 co-occurrence relation among high frequency words. The high-frequency words are clustered into 8 categories. Conclusion: The research of Chinese medicine intervene stem cells in the treatment of ischemic heart disease was more and more popular in the world after2005. The hot researches on traditional Chinese medicine are 6 aspects of Chinese herbal medicine, Yiqi Wengyang Huoxue Formula, Panax notoginseng, Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharides, Danshen injection and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.

Objective To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of Toll like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and renal tissues of children with primary IgA nephropathy.Methods A total of 34 children with primary IgA nephropathy were selected as the IgA nephropathy group,who were confirmed by renal biopsy,from the Department of Pediatrics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University,from September 2014 to June 2016.In the same period,7 cases of renal tumor who underwent nephrectomy in Pediatric Surgery became control group A,and 10 cases of healthy children became control group B,and the expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in renal tissue were detected by adopting immunohistochemistry between IgA nephropathy group and control group A,and the positive expression rate of TLR3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by using flow cytometry in IgA nephropathy group.The expression of TLR3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IgA nephropathy group and control group B were observed and compared.Results The expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in renal tissue of IgA nephropathy group were respectively (68.28 ±6.37)％ and 0.048 ±0.018,which were significantly higher than TLR3 [(9.69 ±11.02)％] and TLR4 (0.003 ±0.001) in the control group A,and the differences were statistically significant (t =50.080,14.374,all P ＜ 0.01).The positive expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IgA nephropathy group were respectively (17.62 ± 8.33)％ and (23.85 ± 11.82)％,while the expressions were (0.31 ± 0.06) ％ and (3.02 ± 0.09) ％ respectively in the control group B,and the differences were statistically significant (t =12.109,11.612,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in renal tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IgA nephropathy are increased,suggesting that the abnormal activation of TLR3 and TLR4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.

Objective:To investigate the expression and significance of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in renal tissue and peripheral blood of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome(INS).Methods:The renal biopsy tissues of 78 children with INS diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from October 2015 to June 2018 and normal renal tissues of 21 children (control group 1) were collected, and the expressions of TLR4 in the renal tissue was detected by using immunohistochemical method.The expression of TLR4 in different renal pathological types and clinical types of INS was compared, and the correlation of TLR4 with 24-hour urinary protein and serum albumin was analyzed.The expression levels of TLR4 in peripheral blood of children with INS before and after treatment (active stage and remission stage) and 23 healthy children (control group 2) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The serum expression levels of TLR4 in different renal pathological types and clinical types of INS were compared, and the correlation of TLR4 with 24-hour urinary protein and serum albumin was analyzed; The correlation between TLR4 expression in renal tubules and in the serum of children with INS was also analyzed.Results:(1)Compared with the expression of TLR4 in normal renal tissues[(0.93±0.26)%], the expression of TLR4 in glomeruli and interstitium of all pathological types of INS [mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN): (0.93 ± 0.21)%, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): (1.02±0.25)%, membranous glomerulonephritis(MN): (1.03±0.09)%, minimal change disease(MCD): (1.02±0.27)%]was not significantly different ( F=0.741, P=0.562), but the expression of TLR4 in renal tubules[MCD: (82.94±4.62)%, MN: (63.54±1.98)%, MsPGN(42.32±2.97)%, FSGS: (22.60±2.07)%] was significantly increased ( F=1 929.842, P<0.01), Especially, the expression of TLR4 in renal tubules of MCD type INS was significantly higher than that of MN, MsPG N and FSGS [MCD: (82.94±4.62)%, MN: (63.54±1.98)%, MsPGN: (42.32±2.97)%, FSGS: (22.60±2.07)%], and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01). TLR4 expression in renal tubules was the highest in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) type and the lowest in INS patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) type, and the differences were statistically significant( F=220.951, P<0.01). (2)The expression of serum TLR4 in INS children at the active stage [MsPNG: (143.36±12.99) ng/L, FSGS(75.94±7.29) ng/L, MN(210.22±14.66) ng/L, MCD(283.93±21.58) ng/L]was significantly higher than that in INS children at remission stage [MsPNG: (29.51±4.93) ng/L, FSGS(15.66±3.78) ng/L, MN(45.40±5.73) ng/L, MCD(62.29±7.90) ng/L]and control group 2[(0.69 ± 0.33) ng/L], and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01); the expression of serum TLR4 in INS children at remission stage was significantly higher than that in the control group 2 ( F=286.287, P<0.01). TLR4 had the highest expression level in serum of MCD type INS children at active and remission stages, followed by MN and FSGS successively.The expression of serum TLR4 was highest in SSNS and lowest in SRNS, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=147.438, P<0.01). (3)The expression of TLR4 in renal tubules of children with INS[(62.82 ±20.94)%]was positively correlated with the expression of TLR4 in serum[(213.26±73.33) ng/L] ( r=0.852, P< 0.05). The expression levels of TLR4 in renal tubules and serum of INS patients at active stage were positively correlated with 24-hour urinary protein level[(123.05±33.55) mg/kg] ( r=0.401, 0.427, all P<0.05), and negatively correlated with serum albumin level[(19.54±3.55)g/L] ( r=-0.602, -0.617, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The expression of TLR4 in renal tubules and serum of children with INS increases, and may be related to different renal pathological types and clinical types of children with INS, as well as disease activity.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and adverse reactions of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the treatment of recurrent frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS), and explore the feasibility of treatment of ACTH in children.Methods:From November 2017 to June 2018, in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University of a total of 32 cases of FRNS ACTH therapy were all the role of ACTH consecutive 3-8 courses of treatment (when the dosage of prednisone was less than or equal to 0.5 mg/kg, 0.4 U/kg ACTH should be used every day.After 3 days of continuous application, the dosage of Prednisone should be reduced to 1.25-5.00 mg.ACTH was used for 3 days as a course of treatment, and continued to use ACTH for 2 courses until corticosteroid stopped). The number of recurrence, Prednisone maintenance dose, immunosuppressive use, serum cortisol and other relevant experimental indicators and adverse reactions were recorded during the follow-up period after ACTH treatment, and were followed up for 8-15 months.Results:Among the 32 children, the onset age (53.47±25.81) months, the course of disease (35.25±23.87) months, 22 patients (68.75%) had no recurrence after corticosteroid withdrawal, 7 patients (21.87%) had recurrence after corticosteroid withdrawal, and 3 patients (9.37%) had recurrence during corticosteroid withdra-wal.Compared with before ACTH treatment, Prednisone was significantly decreased[(0.08±0.14) mg/(kg·d) vs. (0.23±0.23) mg/(kg·d)], and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.661, P<0.05), the number of immunosuppressant cases decreased significantly[42.38%(12/32 cases) vs. 58.62%(17/32 cases), χ2= 14.500, P<0.05]. Serum cortisol was measured at 8 Am increased significantly[(11.78±4.64) μg/dL vs. (4.42±3.13) μg/dL, t=7.340, P<0.05]. The results were stable during follow-up, with 2 patients presenting with systemic urticaria once and 1 patient presenting with headache after infusion. Conclusions:ACTH therapy is safe and effective in hormone therapy for child with FRNS, and less adverse reactions.

A case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University in March 6, 2022 was reported.The proband was a 14-year-old boy, who was admitted to the hospital because of " fever, headache and vomiting for 2 days" . Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was consequently conducted to examine the pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid.Naegleria infection was detected, so the child was diagnosed with PAM.The disease developed rapidly, and the patient died 29 hours after admission.In the paper, a total of 13 studies were reviewed, and 15 children with PAM were reported.Of the reported cases, only 1 case survived, 14 cases died.PAM had a low incidence, a dangerous condition, and high mortality.Most cases were diagnosed by autopsy or pathogen diagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid.This case is confirmed by mNGS of pathogens, and it is rarely reported at home and abroad.