Isolated otolith dysfunction(iOD) involves a group of unexplained vestibular syndromes that manifest clinically as a sense of translation, tilting or floating, and blurred vision with head movement, with normal semicircular canal function but abnormal otolith function on laboratory vestibular testing. As vestibular medicine has gained widespread popularity in recent years, increasing attention has also been paid to iOD and case reports, clinical studies and diagnostic criteria have been published. However, there is no consensus document to guide the diagnosis of this disease in China. In this context, the Special Committee on Vertigo of China Medical Education Association organized a group of domestic experts in vestibular medicine and formulated this diagnostic consensus after thorough discussion based on the latest evidence in China and abroad, in order to promote the best clinical practice for iOD.
Humans ; Otolithic Membrane ; Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis* ; Vertigo/diagnosis* ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; Semicircular Canals

Objective　 To explore the feasibility of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) as a vector for the gene therapy of liver cancer. Methods　 The rAAV/enhance green fluorescein protein (EGFP) recombinant was prepared by the routine method of two plasmids cotransfection. Results　 The experiment showed that one 10cm plate could produce 107-108 infection unit recombinant by the method of two plasmids cotransfection, and the transduction of HepG2 cell was increased with the increase of infection dosage of rAAV. About 100 multiplicity of infection (MOI) AAV vector could make all the tumor cell light. Conclusion　 Liver cancer cell can be efficiently transduced by rAAV, and AAV vector may be a valuable vector for the gene therapy of liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of ulinastatin on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats and assess the possible mechanism. Methods Seventy-five male SD rats weighing 210-250 g were randomly divided into three groups with 25 animals in each group : (Ⅰ) control group received sham operation; (Ⅱ)renal I/R group and (Ⅲ) ulinastatin + I/R group. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine 50 mg?kg-1 . Bilateral kidneys were exposed through midline incision and bilateral renal pedicles were occluded with atraumatic mini-clamp. The kidneys turned pale. In control group the kidneys were exposed but their pedicles were not clamped, while in ulinastatin group (Ⅲ) ulinastatin 12 500 u was given i. v. 30 min before ischemia and at the beginning of reperfusion. Blood samples and kidneys were obtained at 0, 2, 6, 12, 24 h of reperfusion for determination of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) concentrations and the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) and bcl-2 in kidney and for microscopic examination. Paller scoring system was used to evaluate the severity of histological changes ( the higher the score, the worse is the change) .Results BUN and serum Cr levels were significantly lower at 12 and 24 h of reperfusion in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ (P 0.05) . Conclusion Ulinastatin can reduce the risk of renal dysfunction and injury associated with renal I/ R. The protective effect of ulinastatin may be associated with the up-regulation of bcl-2 expression.

Objective To investigate the effects of autologous blood transfusion on serum neopterin and IL-2 concentrations after radical gastrectomy. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes (33 male, 27 female) aged 40-65 yrs weighing 51-70 kg undergoing radical gastrectomy for stomach cancer were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 30 each):homologous blood transfusion group (H) and autologous blood transfusion group (A). The patients were premedicated with intramuscular diazepam 10 mg and atropine 0.5 mg. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 mg?kg-1, fentanyl 5 ?g?kg-1, propofol 1 mg?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.12 mg? kg-1 and maintained with isoflurane inhalation (1 % -2 %) and intermittent i. v. boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. In group H homologous blood 400 ml was infused during gastro-intestinal anastomosis. In group A 400 ml of blood was removed from radial artery after induction of anesthesia, before surgery. Blood volume was maintained by simultaneous infusion of succinylated gelatin 500 ml. The 400 ml autologous blood was infused also during gastrointestinal anastomosis. Venous blood samples were taken before operation (baseline) , at the end of operation and on the 5th postoperative day for determination of serum concentrations of neopterin and IL-2 (ELISA) Results The two groups were comparable with regard to sex (M/F ratio), age, body weight, duration of operation and total blood loss. The serum concentrations of neopterin and IL-2 were significantly decreased after operation compared to the baseline values before operation in group H (P

Objective To evaluate the suitability of the biodegradable microsphere encapsulation of adenovirus as a targeting vector for gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Encapsulate the recombinant adenovirus in PLG poly (lactic/glycolic) copolymer by the solution evaporation method, the release test and the bioactivity of viruses incorporated in vitro were studied. Results More than 19.3% of adenovirus was encapsulated in PLG microspheres. The release test shows that the adenovirus was released for more than 200 h, 50% were shed within the first 100 h, and their activity was retained. Conclusion Recombinant adenovirus can be formulated in a polymer preparation of PLG with retention of bioactivity. It may be a valuable vector for the gene therapy of liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy through the transumbilical approach.Methods The clinical data of 18 patients underwent endoscopic cholecystectomy through only one transumbilical incision at West China Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results All of the operations were successfully completed without conversion to routine laparoscopic surgery or open surgery.The operation time was 40-130(58?10)min.There was no intraoperative complication.The patients did well postoperatively and were discharged 1 day after operation.There was no postoperative complications and without visible abdominal scar on 1 month follow-up.Conclusions Laparoscopic cholecystectomy through the transumbilical approach is technically feasible and safe.But this technique is difficult,the patients should be selected carefully.

Objective To provide morphological evidences for visual field defect caused by the compression of the saddle area tumors.Methods The shape and position of the optic chiasma and its surrounding saddle diaphragm,pituitary,internal carotid artery,and perforating arteries of optic chiasma were studied from 80 adult.Results Its maximum angle was 100° in anterior horn with prechiasmatic space, and minimum angle was 40° with postfixed optic chiasma.The area of optic chiasma averaged(1.32±0.04)cm2,the thickness of saddle diaphragm was 0.58 mm,and about 5% of saddie diaphragm did not exist.The foramen of saddle diaphragm pushed into the opposite side was 52.5%,and the maximum diameter was 7.8 mm×9.8 mm.The pituitary was found inferior to the saddle diaphragm foramen in 78%(62/80).In 76.3%(61/80) brains,the carotid artery touched chiasm opticum.Conclusions Visual field defect caused by compression from pituitary tumor and craniopharyngioma is directly related with the shape of the optic chiasma and its surrounding structures.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the roles of otolith organs in the occurrence and recurrence of primary benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) by vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test. METHOD: We enrolled 17 recurrent primary BPPV patients and 42 non-recurrent primary BPPV patients between September 2014 and November 2014. All patients underwent VEMP tests, including cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) tests. The abnormal case was defined as non-elicitation or asymmetry rate between bilateral sides is larger than 29%. RESULT: Significant difference was found in abnormal rate between cVEMP and oVEMP (P < 0.05 ) in BPPV patients. The abnormal rate of oVEMP was higher than that of cVEMP. Significant difference was found in abnormal rate in oVEMP test between recurrent and non-recurrent groups (P < 0.01) but not in cVEMP( P > 0.05). No significant difference was found in sex and age between recurrent and non-recurrent groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The impairment of otolith organs, especially the utricle, is related to primary BPPV. Dysfunction of utricle may play a role in recurrence of BPPV. Recurrence of BPPV is not correlated with sex and age.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Otolithic Membrane ; physiopathology ; Recurrence ; Saccule and Utricle ; physiopathology ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the abnormal conditions of the affected ear and the contralateral ear of patients with unilateral Meniere's disease and the prevalence of bilateral abnormalities among these unilateral Meniere disease population, providing reference for the clinical treatment strategies for Meniére disease. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of 106 Meni6re disease cases was performed, the abnormal incidence of the affected ears, the contralateral ears and the bilateral abnormalities were calculated, and the disease characteristics were analyzed. RESULT: The bilateral ears abnormal incidence of unilateral Meniére disease was 35. 85% (38/106); the cochlear symptoms of the contralateral ears often occurred 2. 25 years later of the symptoms of Meni6re disease; contralateral cochlear symptoms included at least two symptoms of tinnitus, deafness and ear fullness; 39. 47%(15/38) patients with bilateral abnormalities would appear binaural hearing impairment. CONCLUSION This study showed that about one-third of unilateral Meniére diseases have binaural symptoms, among which about one-third would occur bilateral hearing loss. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the course of disease and the symptoms of the contralateral ear before taking damage or destructive method for treating Meniére's disease clinically.
Cochlea ; physiopathology ; Deafness ; Ear ; abnormalities ; Hearing Loss, Bilateral ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Meniere Disease ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tinnitus

Objective To investigate effects of drugs on spermatogenesis following testicular ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 32) were randomly divided into four groups, 8 rats in each group. Animals underwent unilateral testicular torsion followed by detorsion after 2 hours. Isotonic saline, pentoxifylline and verapamil were infused into tail vein 15 minutes before detorsion in torsion group, pentoxifylline group and verapamil group. At 24 hours after operation, testicular function was determined measuring germ cell apoptosis using the flow cytometry ( FCM) , and the levels of myeloperoxidase ( MPO) , superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) by spectrophotometry. Results Compared with torsion group, the number of apoptotic germ cell and the contents of MDA and MPO were markedly decreased in pentoxifylline group and verapamil group, but the number of haploid and the level of SOD were significantly increased (P