Objective To explore the role of resolvin D1 in reducing brain injury after porcine cardiopulmonary resuscitation and its potential mechanisms.Methods Twenty-eight male domestic pigs weighing (36 ±3)kg were utilized.The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =7 each):sham operation group (group S),cardiopulmonary resuscitation group (group CPR),low-dose resolvin D1 gToup (group LRD),and high-dose resolvin D1 group (group HRD).The animals in group S only got the general preparation without the procedure of cardiac arrest and resuscitation.The pig model was established by 8 mins of untreated ventricular fibrillation and then 5 mins of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.At 5 min post-resuscitation,the doses of resolvin D10.3 μg/kg,and 0.6 μg/kg were correspondingly injected via the femoral vein in LRD and HRD groups,and meanwhile the same amount of vehicle was given into the animals inthe other two groups.At 3 h,6 h and 24 h post-resuscitation,the concentrations of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S100B protein (S100B) in serum was measured.At 24 h post-resuscitation,neurological deficit score (NDS) was evaluated;thereafter the pigs were sacrificed,and cerebral cortex was obtained for the determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents,and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.Results Compared to group S,post-resuscitation brain injury was observed in the other three groups,which was indicated by significantly increased NDS score,and markedly elevated concentrations of serum NSE and S100B.Compared to group CPR,the NDS was significantly decreased at 24 h post-resuscitation,and the concentrations of serum NSE and S100B were significantly reduced at 6 h and 24 h post-resuscitation in LRD and HRD groups.Compared to group LRD,the NDS score and its serum markers were further significantly decreased in group HRD.The inflammatory response and oxidative stress in brain tissue were observed in all the animals experiencing cardiac arrest and resuscitation,which were indicated by increased contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA and decreased SOD activity.Compared to group CPR,the contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA were significantly decreasedwhile SOD activity was significantly increased in LRD and HRD groups.The indicators of inflammatory response and oxidative stress in brain tissue were further significantly improved in group HRD when compared to group LRD.Conclusions Resolvin D1 can reduce post-resuscitation brain injury in a dose-dependent manner in swine,and the mechanism is related to the inhibition of inflammatory response and oxidative stress.

In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical techniques were employed to examine the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) and to identify the pattern of its distribution in rat pancreas. The results indicated that the signal of MMP-1 mRNA and MMP-1 positive immunoreaction were detected in some fiberoblasts around interlobular ducts and exocrine cell in margin acinus of some lobules, but the signal of MMP-1 mRNA and MMP-1 positive immunoreaction could not be detected in most of other acinus and islets of pancreas. It is concluded that the expression of MMP-1 in above cells of rat might play an important role in acinar proliferation and differentiation of rat pancreatic tissues.
Animals ; Cell Division ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; analysis ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Pancreas ; enzymology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective:To explore the effects of Nie Ji tuina combined with acupoint massage on cellular immune function in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI).Methods:Randomized controlled trial. A total of 96 children in the hospital were enrolled as the observation objects between June 2020 and October 2021. According to random number table method, they were divided into control group (acupoint massage) and observation group (Nie Ji tuina combined with acupoint massage), 48 in each group. All were treated for 8 weeks and followed up for 8 months. TCM syndromes were scored before and after treatment. The levels of CD4 +, CD8 + and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. The frequency of RRTI attacks during follow-up was observed, and the clinical curative effect was evaluated. Results:There was no significant difference in total response rate between observation group and control group [93.75% (45/48) vs. 81.25% (39/48); χ2=3.43, P=0.064]. After treatment, scores of TCM syndromes (cough, fatigue, shortness of breath and laziness to speak, spontaneous sweating) were significantly lower in observation group than control group ( t=3.95, 9.64, 7.68, 8.34, P<0.01). After treatment, levels of CD4 + and CD4 +/CD8 + were increased ( P<0.01), while CD8 + level was decreased in both groups ( P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). During follow-up, observation group times of recurrence attacks were fewer than those in the control group ( t=10.60, P<0.01). Conclusion:Nie Ji tuina combined with acupoint massage can improve disease resistance ability and reduce RRTI frequency in children.

Objective To establish a porcine model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to explore the effectiveness of resolvin D1 in improving post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction and its potential mechanisms.Methods Twenty-eight male domestic pigs weighing 36 ± 3 kg were utilized.The pig model was established by 8 mins of untreated ventricular fibrillation and then 5 mins of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =7 each):sham operation group (group S),cardiopulmonary resuscitation group (group CPR),low-dose resolvin D1 group (group LRD),and high-dose resolvin D1 group (group HRD).The animals in group S only got the general preparation without the procedure of cardiac arrest and resuscitation.At 5 min after resuscitation,the doses of resolvin D1 0.3 μg/kg and 0.6 μg/kg were respectively injected via the femoral vein of pigs in LRD and HRD groups,and meanwhile the equal volume of vehicle was given into the animals in the other two groups.At 3 h,6 h and 24 h after resuscitation,the changes of stroke volume (SV) and global ejection fraction (GEF) were evaluated by a PiCCO monitor,and meanwhile the concentration of cardiac troponin I (cTNI) in serum was measured.At 24 h after resuscitation,the pigs were sacrificed,and myocardial tissue was obtained for the determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),malondialdehyde (MDA),and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.Results Compared with group S,significantly decreased SV and GEF and markedly increased concentration of serum cTNI were observed in the other three groups with post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group CPR,the values of SV and GEF were significantly increased while the concentration of serum cTNI was significantly decreased in LRD and HRD groups [SV (ml):28 ±5,31 ±5 vs.23 ±4 at 3 hrs,32 ±3,36 ±6 vs.27 ± 6 at6 hrs,35 ±5,41 ±5 vs.29±5 at24 hrs;GEF (％):17±2,19±2 vs.14±1 at3 hrs,20±2,23 ± ±3 vs.16 ±3 at 6 hrs,23 ±2,26 ±3 vs.20 ±2 at 24 hrs;cTNI (pg/ml):247 ±34,230 ±26 vs.324 ± 56 at 3 hrs,553 ± 37,501 ± 34 vs.611 ± 44 at 6 hrs,436 ± 23,371 ± 29 vs.553 ± 47 at 24 hrs,all P ＜ 0.05].Compared with group LRD,myocardial function and serum markers were further significantly improved in group HRD (all P ＜ 0.05).The inflammation and oxidative stress in myocardial tissue were observed in all the animals experiencing cardiac arrest and resuscitation,which were indicated by increased levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA and decreased SOD activity.Compared with group CPR,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA were significantly decreased while SOD activity was significantly increased in LRD and HRD groups [TNF-α (pg/ml):442 ±87,218 ±55 vs.653 ± 112;IL-6 (pg/ml):563 ± 68,403±61vs.824±117;MDA (nmol/mg):3.95±0.96,2.54±1.21vs.6.37±1.26;SOD (U/mg):2.27±0.93,3.36±0.74vs.0.89±0.31,all P＜0.05].The morbidity of myocardial inflammation and oxidative stress were further significantly ameliorated in group HRD evidenced by the figure of biomarkers compared with group LRD (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Resolvin D1 can improve post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner in swine,and the mechanism is related to the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress.

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference and correlation between dietary salt intakes assessed by 24 hours urinary Na method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method.

METHODSAll 2 184 subjects aged 18 to 69 were selected by multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method in Shandong province in June to September, 2011. Dietary salt intakes were measured by 24 hours urinary Na method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method. The information on gender, age, dining locations and labour intensity of members dining at home for 3 days were recorded. And the dietary habits were surveyed by questionnaire.

RESULTSSalt intakes were 14.0, 12.0 and 10.5 g/d assessed by 24 hours urinary Na method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire, respectively. Comparing with 24 hours urinary Na method, salt intakes assessed by food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method were 2.0 g (14.3% undervalued) and 3.4 g (24.3% undervalued) less, respectively. Comparing with 24 hours urinary Na method, the proportion of individuals with salt intake over-reported and under-reported were 42.4% (856/2 020) and 55.3% (1 117/2 020) by food weighted record method, and were 20.7% (418/2 020) and 16.3% (329/2 020) by food frequency questionnaire method, respectively; the proportion of individuals with salt intakes within ± 25% of 24 hours urinary Na method were 36.9% (745/2 020) and 28.4% (574/2 020), respectively. Salt intakes assessed by 24 hours urinary method correlated significantly with both salt intakes assessed by food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method; the correlation coefficients were 0.13 and 0.07, respectively. With the increasing of salt intakes by subjects' self-judgment, salt intakes were all rising significantly using three survey methods. Salt intakes of three group population of light, moderate and partial taste salty were 13.6, 13.6 and 14.7 g/d by 24 hours urinary Na method (F = 0.47, P < 0.05); 11.0, 12.0 and 12.7 g/d by food weighted record method (F = 5.83, P < 0.05), and 9.3, 10.2 and 11.9 g/d by food frequency questionnaire method (F = 5.83, P < 0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSIONComparing with 24 hours urinary method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method would undervalue dietary salt intake. Salt intake status can be more accurately assessed by adjusting the underestimation rate.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine postconditioning on brain injury after cardiac arrest and resuscitation in a swine model.Methods Twenty-eight healthy male domestic pigs,weighing 36±2 kg,were randomized (random number) into 4 groups (n=7 each group):sham operation group (S group),cardiopulmonary resuscitation group (CPR group),low-dose dexmedetomidine postconditioning group (LDP group),and high-dose dexmedetomidine postconditioning group (HDP group).Animals in the S group only underwent the surgical preparation.In the other three groups,the experimental model was established by 8 mins of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation and then 5 mins of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.At 5 min after resuscitation,a loading dose of dexmedetomidine of 0.25 μg/kg was intravenously infused followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 0.25 μg/(kg·h) for 6 h in the LDP group,and a loading dose of dexmedetomidine of 0.5 μ.g/kg was infused followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 0.5 μg/(kg·h) for 6 h in the HDP group.The same amount of normal saline was administered in the S and CPR groups.At 1 h,3 h,6 h and 24 h after resuscitation,the levels of serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S100B protein were measured.At 24 h after resuscitation,neurologic deficit score (NSD) was evaluated.After that,the animals were euthanized and cerebral cortex was obtained for the determination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6)and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity,cell apoptosis and caspase-3 expression.Results Compared with the S group,post-resuscitation neurologic dysfunction and brain injury were observed in the other three groups,which were indicated by significantly higher NDS and markedly greater levels of serum NSE and S 100B (all P＜0.05).Compared with the CPR group,the score of NDS at 24 h post-resuscitation were significantly lower and the levels of serum NSE and S100B at 6 h and 24 h post-resuscitation were significantly less in the LDP and HDP groups [NDS:194±26,103±16 vs 278±23 at 24 h;NSE (ng/mL):32.4±1.8,28.6±3.7 vs 36.2±2.8 at 6 h,39.9±4.2,35.1±1.5 vs 45.1±3.0 at 24 h;S100B (pg/mL):2 534±207,2 382±170 vs 2 825±113 at 6 h,3 719±164,3 246±176 vs 4 085±161 at 24 h,all P＜0.05].Compared with the LDP group,neurologic dysfunction and brain injury at 24 h postresuscitation were further significantly alleviated in the HDP group (all P＜0.05).Pathological analysis indicated that brain inflammation,oxidative stress and cell apoptosis were observed after resuscitation in the CPR,LDP and HDP groups.However,the contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA were significantly lower while the activity of SOD was significantly higher,and cell apoptosis and caspase-3 expression were significantly reduced in the brain after resuscitation in the LDP and HDP groups compared with the CPR group (all P＜0.05).In addition,those pathological injuries mentioned above were further significantly alleviated in the brain after resuscitation in the HDP group compared to the LDP group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Dexmedetomidine postconditioning significantly alleviated the severity of postresuscitation brain injury in a dose-dependent manner,in which the protection was produced possibly through reducing tissue inflammation,oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) signaling pathway during brain injury after cardiac arrest and resuscitation in pigs.Methods Twenty-one healthy domestic male white pigs,weighing 33-41 kg,were divided into 3 groups (n =7 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group S),cardiac arrest-resuscitation group (group CA-R) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced and untreated for 8 min followed by 5 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to establish the model of brain injury after cardiac arrest and resuscitation in anesthetized domestic white pigs.Dexmedetomidine was infused via the femoral vein in a loading dose of 0.5 μg/kg at 5 min after successful resuscitation,followed by an infusion of 0.5 μg · kg-1 · h-1 for 6 h in group D.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S and CA-R groups.The concentrations of neuron-specific endase (NSE) and S-100β protein in serum were measured at 1,3,6 and 24 h after resuscitation (T1-4).Neurologic deficit score (NDS) was evaluated at T4.The animals were sacrificed at T4,brains were removed and cerebral cortex tissues were obtained for determination of the expression of RIP1,RIP3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the serum concentrations of NSE and S-100β protein were significantly increased at T1-4,the NDS was increased at T4,and the expression of RIP1,R1P3 and MLKL in cerebral cortex tissues was up-regulated in CA-R and D groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group CA-R,the serum concentrations of NSE and S-100β protein were significantly decreased at T3,4,the NDS was decreased at T4,and the expression of RIP1,RIP3 and MLKL in cerebral cortex tissues was down-regulated in group D (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces brain injury after cardiac arrest and resuscitation may be related to inhibiting the activation of RIP 1 signaling pathway in pigs.

Objective To investigate the determinants of linezolid-associated neurological adverse reactions in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and develop a risk prediction model for such adverse events.Methods A prospective cohort study design was employed to select 120 patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis who received a chemotherapy regimen containing linezolid at Guangzhou Chest Hospital from April 2023 to January 2024 as the study population.Clinical data,adverse reactions,and plasma concentration of linezolid were collected during fasting and at 2 hours post-medication.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to identify factors influencing linezolid-related neurological adverse reactions.Furthermore,a prediction model for such adverse reactions was developed,and its predictive efficacy and calibration ability were evaluated using ROC analysis.Results Re-treatment(OR=2.540,P=0.028),coexistence of cavities(OR=4.092,P=0.021),anemia(OR=10.921,P=0.005),and Cmin≥0.7665 mg/L(OR=6.813,P<0.001)are independent risk factors for the occurrence of linezolid-related neurological adverse reactions.The prediction model,based on these four factors,exhibits an AUC of 0.851(95%CI:0.774～0.929),accompanied by a Youden index of 0.590,a sensi-tivity of 66.7%,and a specificity of 92.3%.Moreover,the prediction model demonstrates excellent calibration ability.(Hosmer-lemeshow χ2=8.719,P=0.273).Conclusion In MDR/RR-TB patients,the presence of cavita-tion,retreatment,and anemia may confer a heightened risk of linezolid-related neurological adverse reactions.A risk prediction model incorporating these four indicators demonstrates significant predictive value for the occurrence of such adverse events.

Objective To compare the difference and correlation between dietary salt intakes assessed by 24 hours urinary Na method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method.Methods All 2 184 subjects aged 18 to 69 were selected by multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method in Shandong province in June to September, 2011.Dietary salt intakes were measured by 24 hours urinary Na method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method.The information on gender, age, dining locations and labour intensity of members dining at home for 3 days were recorded.And the dietary habits were surveyed by questionnaire.Results Salt intakes were 14.0, 12.0 and 10.5 g/d assessed by 24 hours urinary Na method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire, respectively.Comparing with 24 hours urinary Na method, salt intakes assessed by food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method were 2.0 g (14.3%undervalued) and 3.4 g (24.3%undervalued) less, respectively.Comparing with 24 hours urinary Na method, the proportion of individuals with salt intake over-reported and under-reported were 42.4%(856/2 020) and 55.3%(1 117/2 020) by food weighted record method, and were 20.7%(418/2 020) and 16.3%(329/2 020) by food frequency questionnaire method, respectively;the proportion of individuals with salt intakes within ±25%of 24 hours urinary Na method were 36.9% ( 745/2 020 ) and 28.4% ( 574/2 020 ) , respectively.Salt intakes assessed by 24 hours urinary method correlated significantly with both salt intakes assessed by food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method;the correlation coefficients were 0.13 and 0.07, respectively.With the increasing of salt intakes by subjects′self-judgment, salt intakes were all rising significantly using three survey methods.Salt intakes of three group population of light, moderate and partial taste salty were 13.6,13.6 and 14.7 g/d by 24 hours urinary Na method (F=0.47,P<0.05);11.0,12.0 and 12.7 g/d by food weighted record method (F=5.83,P<0.05), and 9.3,10.2 and 11.9 g/d by food frequency questionnaire method (F=5.83,P<0.05), respectively.Conclusion Comparing with 24 hours urinary method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method would undervalue dietary salt intake.Salt intake status can be more accurately assessed by adjusting the underestimation rate.

Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics and trends of mortality and spatial aggregation of gastric cancer in Shandong Province from 1970 to 2013.Methods:The mortality data of gastric cancer from 1970 to 1974, 1990 to 1992 and 2004 to 2005 were collected from the first, second and third retrospective sampling survey of causes of death in Shandong Province, respectively. The mortality data of gastric cancer from 2011 to 2013 were collected from the all-cause surveillance data of Shandong Province. The crude mortality rate and age-standardized mortality rate were used to describe the death level of gastric cancer. The age-standardized mortality rate of Shandong Province was calculated based on Segi′s world standard population, and the age-standardized mortality rate of counties (cities and districts) was calculated based on the Chinese population in 1964.The factors influencing the difference of gastric cancer mortality in different periods were decomposed by using the method of differential decomposition of mortality, and the contributions of population and non-population factors in different periods were estimated.Using ArcGIS 10.2 software, the death level of gastric cancer in different counties (cities and districts) in Shandong province from 1970 to 1974 and 2011 to 2013 were visualized. DeoDa 1.12 software was used for global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results:The crude death rate and age-standardized death rate of gastric cancer in Shandong province increased firstly and then decreased during 1970-2013, and the crude death rate of gastric cancer increased from 18.33/100 000 in 1970-1974 to 28.51/100 000 in 2011-2013. Segi′s age-standardized mortality rate for gastric cancer decreased from 20.94 per 100 000 in 1970-1974 to 18.17 per 100 000 in 2011-2013.From 1990 to 1992, from 2004 to 2005 and from 2011 to 2013, the contribution value of non-population factors to the increase of crude gc mortality was 95.59%, 48.45% and -20.57%, respectively, showing a continuous downward trend. The Moran′s I index of crude mortality of gastric cancer in Shandong province from 1970 to 1974 and from 2011 to 2013 were 0.77 and 0.57, respectively, and the Moran′s I index of age-normalized mortality was 0.75 and 0.44, respectively. Local autocorrelation analysis showed that there were 31 and 19 high aged-mortality areas of gastric cancer in 1970-1974 and 2011-2013 respectively, and 7 overlapping counties (cities and districts), 6 of which were located in Jiaodong area. Conclusion:The crude mortality and age-standardized mortality of gastric cancer in Shandong province increased first and then decreased from 1970 to 2013, and the distribution of gastric cancer mortality had obvious spatial aggregation and changed with time.