Objective:To explore characteristics of family function in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD),and to evaluate relationships between family function and prognosis of major depressive episode (MDE).Methods:Forty-six patients with MDD were recruited in the outpatient or inpatient departments of Wuhan Mental Health Center from September 1,2014 to August 31,2015.At the baseline,the patients and their co-resident family members were interviewed for psychiatric screening and diagnosis,and the family function of each patient's family was assessed by Family Assessment Device (FAD).After clinic service or hospitalization,the patients were followed up by telephone until they recovered from the MDE (within 12 months since the follow-up) or for 12 months if they had not achieved remission.Forty-two mentally healthy subjects,with no family members diagnosis for psychiatric diseases,and matched with MDD patients for age,sex,number of children,family roleand socioeconomic status,were recruited from a community.The family function of the MDD families and the controls were compared by independent sample-T test,and the relationship between family function and duration of the MDE was analyzed by Pearson's correlation.Results:MDD families exhibited higher FAD scores in 5 dimensions than control families except for affective involvement and behavior control (P＜0.01).Patients with relatively good family function showed significantly shorter duration of MDE and higher proportion of remission within 6 months since the follow-up (P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).All the dimensions of FAD demonstrated significant positive correlation with the duration of MDE except for the behavior control.Conclusion:Families with MDD patients show impairments in multiple dimensions of family function,and the family functions of MDD patients are correlated with the prognosis of MDE.Improvement of family function may contribute to better prognosis of MDD.

Neural prosthesis control system is based on brain-computer interface and functional electrical stimulation technology, by an-alyzing the electroencephalograph control commands directly into the muscle system or an external device, which compensated efferent pathway from the brain-spinal cord, and recovered motor function of patients with cervical spinal cord injury. This paper described the basic structure, working principle and key technology of neural prosthetic system, summarized the application, problems and prospects of neural prosthetic technology in the rehabilitation of cervical spinal cord injury.

Objective To determine sexual function in 612 male addicts with methadone maintenance therapy (MMT),analyze its cause and explore the treatment strategies.Methods Self-made questionnaire and International Index of Erectile Function-5 ( IIEF-5 ) were used in 612male addicts receiving MMT.ResultsThe number of addicts who felt worse sexual function was significantly more than those who felt better sexual function (P ＜0.01 ).About 88.6％ addicts were dissatisfied with their current sexual function,90.7％ of whom were willing to continuously receive MMT.The number of addicts suffering from hyposexuality and erectile dysfunction (ED) was significantly increased at post-MMT than at pre-MMT ( P ＜ 0.01 ),while the number of addicts with normal sexuality and inhibitive ejaculation decreased significantly (P ＜0.01 ).Both the dose of methadone and the age of subjects were negatively correlated with IIEF-5 scores.Correlation between the duration of MMT and IIEF-5 scores was not found.ConclusionMMT might deteriorate sexual function in male addicts.To improve the compliance of MMT and sexual function in male addicts,the dose of methadone should be adjusted to minimally effective one.

Objective To determine the nucleotide sequence of the LACK (Leishmania homologue of receptors for activated protein kinase C) gene of Leishmania donovani isolates from plain foci (L.d SD1) and desert foci (L.d XJ771) of China, and to find out the difference of the sequence of LACK gene with other Leishimania spp. and also the isolate from hill foci of China.. Methods. The LACK genes of L.d SD1 and L.d XJ771 were amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pUC18 vector respectively, sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method, then analyzed and compared with that of other isolates.. Results . The LACK genes of the two isolates were successfully cloned. Both of the 2 fragments were 942 bp in length. Comparison of the two nucleotide sequences with that of other Leishmania spp. in GenBank showed that the identities were more than 97%, and the identities of the nucleotide sequences of LACK genes of the three L.d isolates from plain, desert and hill foci of China were more than 95%.. Conclusion . High identities exist among the nucleotide sequences of LACK genes of the three L.d isolates from the three foci of China.

Objective A total of 102 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis for over 3 months in our dialysis center were asked to complete the SF-36 scales.They were also assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD17).Univariate analysis was performed to determine the impact of factors such as age,gender,employment status,education,mental status and dialysis status on their quality of life.Methods The 102 patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis for over 3 months in our dialysis center completed the SF-36 scales with self-administration,and they were also assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD17).Univariate analysis was performed to determine the impact of variables such as age,gender,employment status,education,mental status and dialysis status on the quality of life in patients.Results The scores of PF,RP,BP,GH,VT,SF,RE and MH in patients were significantly lower than those in the normal controls(P

The reasonable selection of teaching cases is very important in performing PBL in department of nephrology.The department of nephrology in the first affiliated hospital of China medical university has practiced PBL teaching reform from 2004.It was recognized that the selection of teaching cases should meet the joint of the key kuowledge of subjects,should be able to promote the conformity between clinical and basic subjects,and should be able to match with a number of teaching objectives.With the deepening of teaching reform and the transformation of teaching philosophy,PBL teaching cases in nephrology should also be advanced with the updated development.

Objective To explore the mechanism of up-regulation of tubular liver-type fatty acid binding-protein (L-FABP) in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and its renoprotective role.Methods Murine mesangial cells (MCs) from primary cell culture were cultured with aggregated IgA (AIgA) (10 to 250 mg/L) for 48 hours. The supernatant after culture was collected as AIgA-MC medium. Murine proximal tubular cell line (mProx) stably expressing human L-FABP (hL-FABP) by transfection (mProx-L) were cultured with AIgA, AIgA-MC medium and /or neutralizing anti-TNF-α antibody and recombinant murine TNF-α, respectively. AIgA-MC medium (AIgA final concentration was 25 mg/L) was cultured with mProx and mProx-L cells. The mRNA expressions of hL-FABP and MCP-1 of the cells were detected by real-time PCR. The protein expressions of hL-FABP and 4-HNE of the cells were detected by Western blotting. Results (1) The hL-FABP mRNA and protein expression stimulated by AIgA-MC medium was significantly higher as compared to AIgA (P＜0.01). (2) Pre-incubation of neutralizing anti-TNF-α antibody (final concentration was 1 and 5 mg/L) with mProx-L cells could significantly suppress the up-regulation of hL-FABP protein expression induced by AlgA-MC medium (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01).(3) Recombinant murine TNF-α (final concentration was 50 and 250 ng/L) also induced a significant up-regulation of hL-FABP expression (P＜0.01). (4) After the stimulation of AIgA-MC medium, both 4-HNE protein expression and MCP-1 mRNA expression were significantly suppressed in mProx-L cells compared to those of mProx cells (P ＜0.05 and P＜0.01). Conclusion Mesangial cell-derived TNF-α can induce up-regulation of tubular L-FABP expression. Overexpression of tubular L-FABP may lessen the progression of IgAN by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators.

Objective To investigate the renoprotection of tubular L-FABP in murine IgA nephropathy (IgAN) induced by bone marrow transplantation(BMT). Methods IgAN models were reconstituted by BMT from IgAN-prone mice into mice (Tg) transgenically tubular overexpressing human L-FABP (hL-FABP) and wild type (WT) mice. These recipients were sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks after BMT and their kidneys were collected. The expressions of hL-FABP, fibronectin (FN)and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA were detected by real-time PCR. hL-FABP,FN, type Ⅳ collagen (Col Ⅳ ), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)modified proteins were detected by Western blotting. The distribution of hL-FABP and FN protein in kidney was detected by immunohistochemistry. The level of serum IgA, urinary albumin and urinary hL-FABP was detected by ELISA. Results (1) IgAN was reconstituted in both Tg and WT mice by BMT: mesangial IgA deposition and up-regulation of serum IgA. The levels were not significantly different between two groups (Tg-ddY and WT-ddY). (2) hL-FABP was expressed in proximal tubular cells of normal Tg mice. The mRNA (1.62±0.32 vs 0.46±0.09, P＜0.01) and protein expression (1.74±0.76 vs 1.14±0.31, P＜0.01) of hL-FABP was up-regulated in Tg-ddY kidney and urinary hL-FABP level (μg/g creatinine) was significantly increased (59.87±26.75 vs 31.01±14.86, P＜0.05) at the 6th week after BMT. (3) WT-ddY mice showed a significantly higher urinary albumin level (mg/L) (828±656 vs 82±22, P＜0.01), severer mesangial matrix expansion (P＜0.01),more glomerular FN and Col Ⅳ deposition at the 12th week. (4) Up-regulation of renal hL-FABP was associated with significant suppression of renal HO-1 expression (P ＜0.05),accumulation of 4-HNE modified proteins (P＜0.05) and MCP-1 mRNA expression (P＜0.01) in Tg-ddY mice. Conclusion Tubular L-FABP may lessen the progression of glomerular damage at early stages of IgAN by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators.

Patients with brain injury are often accompanied by emotional disorders, which can cause a variety of mental disorders, and mental disorders will continue to exist after rehabilitation, seriously affecting the ability of patients to adapt and integrate into society, greatly reducing the quality of life.Therefore, the research on the mechanism of emotional disorders after brain injury is of great significance to the clinical prevention and treatment of mental disorders related to emotional disorders.Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a more intuitive and accurate research method for the study of emotional regulation, so many scholars have conducted in-depth research on emotional disorders after craniocerebral injury from different perspectives.In this paper, the functional MRI studies of emotional disorders were reviewed after craniocerebral injury in the past decade and most of the resting MRI studies showed that the mechanism of emotional disorders after craniocerebral injury is related to the imbalance of interaction among the resting default network, executive network and salience network, while the task MRI studies found that the amygdala, dorsolateral prefrontal lobe and anterior Cingulate gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus played an important role in attention distribution, cognitive reappraisal, expression inhibition and other emotional regulation strategies, and the damage of these brain regions will cause corresponding emotional regulation disorders.In this paper, the neural mechanism and research progress of emotional disorders after brain injury were systematically reviewed, summarize the existing problems, and propose possible solutions from the perspective of resting and task state functional MRI.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prevalence states of hypertension and prehypertension and to explore relevant influencing factors among adult residents in Shandong province.

METHODS15 600 residents aged between 18 and 69 from 20 counties in Shandong province were selected by multiple stratified and clustered sampling method from July to September, in 2011, to acquire related information by questionnaire survey and physical measurement. The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was estimated by special statistic method used to deal with complex sampling data, and the relevant influencing factors were also analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 15 350 subjects were actually completed the survey, with age at (41.4 ± 14.1) years old. The average systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 121.1(95%CI: 119.7-122.4) and 78.8(95%CI: 77.8-79.9) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) respectively. And also 3776 hypertension patients and 5721 subjects with prehypertension were detected, and the weighting prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension were 23.4% (95%CI: 20.9%-26.0%) and 37.1% (95%CI: 34.7%-39.5%) with adjustive prevalence at 20.7% and 36.5% respectively. The multiple SURVEYLOGISTIC analysis showed that age above 40 years old (OR = 3.24, 95%CI: 2.56-4.10), overweight(OR = 2.22, 95%CI: 1.70-2.89) and obesity(OR = 5.84, 95%CI: 3.54-9.66), smoking history(OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.03-3.23), constantly drinking (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.08-2.70), diabetes (OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.29-3.07), abnormal TC(OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.24-2.17), abnormal TG(OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.24-2.48) and high 24 h urine Na/K ratio (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02-1.08) were risk factors of hypertension, while education equal to or above junior middle school (OR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.52-0.89) was protective factor of hypertension; age above 40 years old (OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.15-1.91), overweight(OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.25-2.48) and obesity (OR = 3.50, 95%CI: 2.05-5.97), abnormal TC (OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.10-2.14), abnormal TG (OR = 1.79, 95%CI:1.25-2.56) and high 24 h urine Na/K ratio (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.04) were risk factors of prehypertension, while female (OR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.31-0.56) and education level equal to or above junior middle school (OR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.52-0.87) were protective factors.

CONCLUSIONThe hypertension, especially prehypertension tends to be at high prevalence states currently, which may be affected by many factors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prehypertension ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult