Levothyroxine is a class of thyroid hormone medication mainly used in the clinical treatment of thyroid hormone replacement therapy and thyrotropin suppression therapy. In recent years, studies have found a close correlation between the human gut microbiota and the occurrence and development of thyroid diseases, as well as changes in thyroid hormone levels. Therefore, understanding the impact of levothyroxine on the gut microbiota, as well as the effects of the gut microbiota on the metabolism and absorption of levothyroxine, is of great significance for the treatment of thyroid diseases and the rational use of clinical medication. This article explores the interaction between the gut microbiota and levothyroxine and summarizes the current clinical findings of the gut microbiota in levothyroxine therapy.

Lung cancer is the leading type of cancer death, and most patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage and have a very poor prognosis. Although low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has entered the clinic as a screening tool for lung cancer, its false-positive rate is more than 90%. As one of the epigenetic modifications of research hotspots, DNA methylation plays a key role in a variety of diseases, including cancer.Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and hypomethylation of proto-oncogenes are important events in tumorigenesis and development. Therefore, DNA methylation analysis can provide some useful information for the early screening, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer. Although invasive methods such as tissue biopsy remain the gold standard for tumor diagnosis and monitoring, they also have limitations such as inconvenience in sampling. In recent years, there has been a rapid development of liquid biopsy, which can detect primary or metastatic malignancies and reflect the heterogeneity of tumors. In addition, the blood sample can be collected in a minimally invasive or non-invasive format and is well tolerated in older and frail patients. This article explores some of the emerging technologies for DNA methylation analysis and provides an overview of the application of DNA methylation in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.