Objective To investigate the effects of Rhizoma Alismatis extracts on oxidative stress induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats,and to explore its protective mechanism in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods A total of 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,Alisma orientalis group and Nimodipine positive control group (n=15,each).Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was prepared by suture method after 14 days of intragastric administration.After 24 hours,scores of neurological dysfunction,the infarct size,the water content of the brain,the malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),nitric oxide (NO) levels in serum and brain tissues,and the activity of inducible NO synthase (iNOS)were detected.Results As compared with the model group,Alisma orientalis group showed that the scores of neurological dysfunction,cerebral water content,cerebral infarction size,contents of MDA and NO,and the activity of iNOS were significantly reduced,and the activity of SOD was significantly increased in respectively [(2.21 ± 0.38) vs.(2.78 ± 0.43),(81.18 ± 2.09)％ vs.(88.33±4.15)％,(0.26±0.07) ％ vs.(0.35±0.04)％,(5.92±1.64) μmol/L vs.(8.21±1.47)μmol/L,(115.48±18.65) mU/L vs.(75.52±20.78) mU/L,(28.23±4.32) μmol/L vs.(41.73±3.85) μmol/L,(15.31±1.68) mU/L vs.(23.49±3.53) mU/L,(5.41±0.68) μmol/L vs.(7.58±1.49) μmol/L,(168.57±10.65) mU/L vs.(150.11±13.62) mU/L,(14.37±0.77) μmol/L vs.(22.08±1.57) μmol/L,(9.83±0.75) mU/L vs.(13.28±1.84) mU/L,respectively,all P＜0.05]Conclusions Alisma orientalis extract has the protective effect on focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury,and the mechanism may be related to antioxidant and scavenging free radicals.

BACKGROUND:Nickel-titanium memory-shape compression anastomosis clip (Ni-Ti CAC) has been used in gastrointestinal anastomosis, but its efficacy and safety still remain controversial.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ni-Ti CAC in gastrointestinal anastomosis.METHODS:A computer-based online research of PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, and VIP databases was performed for articles published before January 15th, 2017 using the keywords of nickel-titanium, compression anastomosis clip, anastomosis, gastric, jejunum, ileum, small intestine, colon, rectum, and large intestine in English and Chinese, respectively. The randomized controled trials about Ni-Ti CACversus conventional methods for gastrointestinal anastomosis were included. Meta-analysis of the anastomosis time, time of exsufflation, and hospitalization time was performed, and sequential analysis was conducted on TSA v0.9 software.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 18 eligible randomized controlled trials were enroled, involving 1860 patients. Ni-Ti CAC could reduce the anastomosis time [MD=-3.83, 95%CI(-6.48,-1.19),P=0.004] and time of exsufflation [MD=-0.14, 95%CI(-0.22,-0.05),P=0.002], but there was no significant difference in the hospitalization time [MD=-0.83, 95%CI(-1.82, 0.16), P=0.10]. The quality was ranked as low level based on GRADE system. The time of exsufflation of Ni-Ti CAC was superior to that of conventional method, which was confirmed by sequential analysis. One case of death was reported and incision infection was the most common adverse effects; additionaly, pulmonary embolism and abdominal pain occurred. To conclude, Ni-Ti CAC can facilitate gastrointestinal anastomosis, accelerate the time of exsufflation, and holds a good safety. However, more multicenter and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and the frequencies of B cell subsets in peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients,and to study the correlation between B cell subsets and clinical indices and influence of different therapies on B cell subsets to deeply understand the pathogenesis of RA.Methods Peripheral blood witched memory B cells,non-switched memory B cells,naive B cells,and double negative B cells of 141 patients and 33 healthy controls were measured by flow cytometry.Patients were divided into three groups based on their therapeutic regimen,including tumor necrosis factor-or (TNF-α) inhibitors combined with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs),DMARDs only and patients without any therapy.The relevance between B cells subsets and clinical manifestations,lab test results exemption were assessed as well as the influence of different therapies.All data were were analyzed by Statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) 23.0 statistical analysis for unpaired t test,analysis of variance and Spearman's correlations analysis.Results ① New-onset RA patients with less than 12 weeks disease duration and never accepted any drugs had a significantly lower frequency of peripheral blood memory B cells,including non-switched memory B cells [(8 ±4)％ vs (13 ±4)％,P＜0.05,t =3.3)] and switched memory B cells [(18±10)％ vs (23±7)％,P＜0.05,t=2.2)],than healthy individuals.② There was a negative association between non-switched memory B cells and disease activity score in 28 joints (r=-0.23,P＜0.05).③ Negative association between non-switched memory B cells and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),lgG was found,while therewas no association between pre-switched B cells and other laboratory test results.④ Non-switched memory B cells and switched memory B cells increased after TNF-α arntagonist or DMARDs therapy.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that B cell abnormalities in new-onset RA patients with short disease duration are reduced non-switched memory B cells and switched memory B cells.A negative correlation has been found between non-switched memory B cells and ESR and lgG.B cells subsets frequency are changed by TNF-α antagonist and DMARDs,which suggests that changes of B cell subsets may contribute to the occurrence and development of RA.

Objective:To find out the chemical constituents in Atrichum undulatum var. gacelisetum.Methods:The compounds were isolated by silica gel and TLC, and purified by recrystallization from the ethanol extract. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectral analysis and physicochemical properties. Results:Six compounds were obtained and the structures were identified as dotriacontane ( 1 ), montanic acid ( 2 ), β-sitosterol ( 3 ), daucosterol ( 4 ), luteolin 7-O-D-glucoside ( 5 ) and luteolin ( 6 ). Conclusion:Compounds 1-6 are isolated from the species for the first time.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Shenqi fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer.METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,EMBase,Clinical Trials,Cochrane Library,CJFD,CBM,Wanfang database and VIP,RCTs about Shenqi fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy (trial group) vs.chemotherapy alone (control group) in the treatment of colorectal cancer were included.Meta-analysis was performed by Rev Man 5.3 statistical software after data extraction and quality evaluation with Cochrane system evaluator manual.RESULTS:A total of 25 RCTs were included,involving 1 987 patients.Results of Meta-analysis showed that objective remission rate of trial group was significantly higher than control group [RR=1.19,95％ CI (1.02,1.39),P=0.02];the improvement of survival quality was significantly better than control group [RR=1.72,95％CI(1.49,1.99),P＜0.001];CD4VCD8+ was significantly higher than control group [MD=0.40,95％ CI (0.29,0.50),P＜0.001];the incidence of gastrointestinal reaction was significantly higher than control group [RR=0.59,95％CI(0.52,0.68),P＜0.001];the incidence of liver and renal injury was significantly lower than control group [RR=0.52,95％CI(0.41,0.67),P＜0.001],with statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS:Shenqi fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy can improve objective remission rate of colorectal cancer patients,survival quality and immune function,and reduce the occurrence of toxic reation.

Objective To assess the imaging characteristics of 18F-Alfalide II in different tumorbearing mice and pharmacokinetics in Beagle dogs.Methods BALB/c nude mice(n-24)were used for subcutaneous tumor models(A549 and U87MG),orthotopic lung cancer models(A549)and orthotopic breast cancer models(MDA-MB-231)(n=6 in each group).18F-Alfatide II and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)microPET/CT images were compared in the 4 types of tumor-bearing nude mice models.18F-Alfatide II blocking experiment,biodistribution experiment and imaging studies in tumors of different growth cycles were performed in A549 subcutaneous tumor-bearing nude mice models.Pharmacokinetic experiments were carried out in Beagle dogs(n = 6)and CD-1 mice(n = 9).Two-sample t test was used to analyze the data.Results Compared with 18F-FDG,18F-Alfatide II microPET/CT images showed better imaging quality and contrast in subcutaneous A549,U87MG tumors and orthotopic A549(tumor/heart:4.50±1.17 vs 0.95±0.31;t = 4.125,P<0.01),orthotopic MDA-MB-231(tumor/muscle:6.60±1.53 vs 0.92±0.43;t = 3.984,P<0.01)transplantation nude mice models.18F-Alfatide II could specifically target A549 tumors,and the tumor uptake of 18F-Alfatide II was reduced by about 75% after pre-injection with cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys)(c(RGDyk)).18F-Alfatide II was rapidly cleared from the blood of Beagle dogs(T1/2 was(57.34±11.69)min).It was cleared in the form of prototype drug and(69.24±6.82)% of cumulative dose was excreted through the urine within 4 h after administration.Conclusions 18F-Alfatide II shows a higher target/non-target ratio than,18F-FDG in the imaging of A549,MDA-MB-231 and U87MG tumor-bearing nude mice models,which is more conducive to the diagnosis of tumor.18F-Alfatide II has excellent pharmacokinetic properties.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale， and preliminarily study its effect on acute lung injury （ALI） in mice. METHODS Using D. officinale as raw material， the polysaccharides were extracted from D. officinale by ultrasonic-assisted hot water immersion. Using the extraction rate of D. officinale polysaccharides as response value， the single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken response surface method were used to optimize the ratio of material to liquid， extraction time and extraction temperature. ALI mice were induced by lipopolysaccharide. Using prednisone acetate （5 mg/kg） as the positive control， the effects on the mass ratio of wet and dry lung and pathological changes of lung tissue （HE staining and Masson staining） of low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose D. officinale polysaccharides （50，100，200 mg/kg） were investigated. RESULTS The optimal extraction technology of D. officinale polysaccharides was as follows： the ratio of material to liquid was 1∶25 （g/mL）， the extracting time was 1 h， and the extracting temperature was 58 ℃ . Under these conditions， the average extraction rate of D. officinale polysaccharides was 37.75% （RSD＝1.12%，n＝3）， the relative error of which with predicted value （38.63%） was 2.28%. Compared with the model group， the ratios of wet and dry lung in the positive control group and D. officinale polysaccharides groups were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and the pathological changes in lung tissue （severe destruction of alveolar structure， significant widening of alveolar septa， extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells and proliferation of fibroblasts） were alleviated to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS The optimal extraction process of D. officinale polysaccharides is feasible； the obtained polysaccharide extract has a certain improvement effect on ALI in mice.

Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammation and a risk factor for diseases such as diabetes， hypertension， dyslipidemia， and malignant tumors， demonstrating an increasingly grim development situation. The nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway is a key signaling pathway involved in the immune response and inflammatory response. In obese individuals， the expression of NF-κB is overactivated， which leads to abnormal inflammatory responses in the body. Therefore， it is expected to alleviate inflammation and treat obesity by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway， which has been proven effective by a large number of studies. The available studies on the NF-κB signaling pathway mostly focus on tumors， and there is no systematic review of the mechanism of this pathway in mediating obesity and the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment. We reviewed the research progress in the pathological and physiological processes of obesity mediated by NF-κB signaling pathway and TCM treatment， aiming to give insights into the clinical treatment of obesity with TCM and provide reference targets and research directions for exploring the biological foundations and the development of new TCM preparations.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Yishen Tongluo Formula in ameliorating renal pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy mice by regulating the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Methods: Sixty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into control (10 mice) and intervention groups (50 mice) using random number table method. The diabetes nephropathy model was established by intraperitoneally injecting streptozotocin(50 mg/kg). After modeling, the intervention group was further divided into model, semaglutide (40 μg/kg), and high-, medium-, and low-dose Yishen Tongluo Formula groups (15.6, 7.8, and 3.9 g/kg, respectively) using random number table method. The high-, medium-, and low-dose Yishen Tongluo Formula groups were administered corresponding doses of medication by gavage, the semaglutide group received a subcutaneous injection of semaglutide injection, and the control group and model groups were administered distilled water by gavage for 12 consecutive weeks. Random blood glucose levels of mice in each group were monitored, and the 24-h urinary protein content was measured using biochemical method every 4 weeks; after treatment, the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were measured using biochemical method. The weight of the kidneys was measured, and the renal index was calculated. Hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, periodic Schiff-methenamine, and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes in renal tissue. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels. Western blotting and real-time fluorescence PCR were used to detect the relative protein and mRNA expression levels of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the proportion of protein staining area of the TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in renal tissue. Results: Compared with the control group, the random blood glucose, 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and renal index of the model group increased, and the urine β2-MG, NGAL, and KIM-1 levels increased. The relative protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 in renal tissue increased, and the proportion of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB protein positive staining areas increased (P<0.05). Pathological changes such as glomerular hypertrophy were observed in the renal tissue of the model group. Compared with the model group, the Yishen Tongluo Formula high-dose group showed a decrease in random blood glucose after 12 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). The Yishen Tongluo Formula high- and medium-dose groups showed a decrease in 24-h urinary protein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and renal index, as well as decreased β2-MG, NGAL, and KIM-1 levels. NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1 β, and IL-18 relative protein and mRNA expression levels were also reduced, and the proportion of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB protein positive staining areas was reduced (P<0.05). Pathological damage to renal tissue was ameliorated. Conclusion Yishen Tongluo Formula may exert protective renal effects by inhibiting renal pyroptosis and alleviating tubular interstitial injury in diabetic nephropathy mice by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Yishen Tongluo prescription in protecting mice from oxidative stress injury in diabetic kidney disease （DKD） via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）/NAD（P）H quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1） signaling pathway. MethodsSpecific pathogen-free （SPF） male C57BL/6 mice were assigned into a control group （n=10） and a modeling group （n=50）. The DKD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The mice in the modeling group were randomized into a model group， a semaglutide （40 μg·kg^-1） group， and high-， medium-， and low-dose （18.2， 9.1， 4.55 g·kg^-1， respectively） Yishen Tongluo prescription groups， with 10 mice in each group. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. Blood glucose and 24-h urine protein levels were measured， and the kidney index （KI） was calculated. Serum levels of creatinine （SCr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were assessed. The pathological changes in the renal tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin， periodic acid-Schiff， periodic acid-silver methenamine， and Masson’s trichrome staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to measure the levels of β2-microglobulin （β2-MG）， neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin （NGAL）， kidney injury molecule-1 （KIM-1）， liver fatty acid-binding protein （L-FABP）， nitric oxide synthase （NOS）， glutathione （GSH）， total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC）， and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine （8-OHdG）. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1） and malondialdehyde （MDA）. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR） and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels， respectively， of factors in the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway. ResultsCompared with the control group， the DKD model group showed rises in blood glucose， 24-h urine protein， KI， SCr， BUN， and ALT levels， along with glomerular hypertrophy， renal tubular dilation， thickened basement membrane， mesangial expansion， and collagen deposition. Additionally， the model group showed elevated levels of β2-MG， NGAL， KIM-1， L-FABP， NOS， and 8-OHdG， lowered levels of GSH and T-AOC， up-regulated expression of MDA and Keap1， and down-regulated expression of Nrf2， HO-1， NQO1， and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit （GCLC） （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the semaglutide group and the medium- and high-dose Yishen Tongluo prescription groups showed reductions in blood glucose， 24-h urine protein， KI， SCr， BUN， and ALT levels， along with alleviated pathological injuries in the renal tissue. In addition， the three groups showed lowered levels of β2-MG， NGAL， KIM-1， L-FABP， NOS， and 8-OHdG， elevated levels of GSH and T-AOC， down-regulated expression of MDA and Keap1， and up-regulated expression of Nrf2， HO-1， NQO1， and GCLC （P<0.05）. ConclusionYishen Tongluo prescription exerts renoprotective effects in the mouse model of DKD by modulating the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway， mitigating oxidative stress， and reducing renal tubular injuries.