Clinical data of a child with leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.A female patient with 1 year and 2 months old presented with 10 months of developmental delay and 1 month of recurrent seizures.Physical examinations showed grade Ⅲ muscle strength of limbs, slightly higher muscle tone, active reflex of bilateral knee tendons, normal reflex of bilateral achilles tendons, and positive Babinski sign.Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral cerebral hemisphere atrophy and diffuse abnormal signals.The whole exome sequencing test showed two heterozygous mutations of the DARS2 gene in the present case.There are no reports of early-onset LBSL gene mutation in Chinese population.A total of 6 related foreign literatures have been reported.All affected cases present psychomotor development disorders and other encephalopathy manifestations.Brain MRI involvement and DARS2 gene mutations are found in previous reports.Therefore, for children with developmental retardation, epilepsy, and diffuse abnormal signals in both cerebral hemispheres examined by brain MRI, genetic testing is recommended to confirm the diagnosis, guide prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.Methods:The data of 3 children with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May to June 2019 were collected retrospectively, and their clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments and prognosis were summarized in combination with relevant literature.Results:The age of onset was 6-9 years old.The time interval from fever to first convulsion was 4-7 days, and they progressed to status epilepticus within 24 hours.The seizures were mainly multifocal seizures.Cerebrospinal fluid laboratory examination was normal.Electrocardiogram shows diffuse slow wave activity as the background, and epileptic waves dominated by the temporal area.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed signs of edema in 2 cases during the acute phase.All patients were resistant to multiple (4-5) anti-epileptic drugs, but high-dose anesthetic drugs can effectively terminate status epilepticus.All cases developed into refractory epilepsy, 2 cases had cognitive impairment and 1 case had movement impairment after 1 year.Conclusion:Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome often occurs in school-age children who have been physically healthy, which was included by fever.The seizures are explosive and refractory in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome, and it lacked specific laboratory indicators.High-dose anesthetics can effectively terminate status epilepticus, but it always has a poor prognosis.