The article introduces the current situation of higher medical education of Taiwan Province and makes some brief comments and analyses by analyzing its advantages and disadvantages as well as the effectuation condition of higher education reforming measures.

Objective: To investigate the antitumor activities and apoptosis mechanisms of 3,7-dinitrodibenzobromonium salt (cBr) on human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line in vitro. Methods: The antitumor activities of cbr were tested by Trypanblau exclusion test, MTF coloretric assay and clonal forming test, and the mechanisms were studied by morphological analysis (microscopy, fluoreseencemicroscopy, electron microscopy) and flow cytometry analysis. Resuits: cBr could inhibit of the proliferation K562 cells and kill them significantly. The effects varied with different time and doses, and IC50 of cell colony forming rate was 0. 497 mmoL/L. Apoptosis rate tested by flow cytometry was 70.34%,and apoptotic characteristics could be found by microscopy and electron microscopy. Conclusion: cBr could inhibit K562 cell proliferation greatly, and could induce K562 cells into apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of 5-azacytidine on radiation-induced epithelialmesenchymal transition in rat alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cell line (RLE-6TN) and explore their working mechanisms,and to provide experimental evidence for the potential drug-based treatment of radiationinduced pulmonary fibrosis.Methods RLE-6TN cells were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups according to the experimental purposes:control group (C),radiation group (R),5-azacytidine group (A),and radiation followed by 5-azacytidine group (R + A).The microstructural changes in cells were determined by transmission electron microscopy.Inverted phase-contrast microscopy revealed the morphological changes in cells.The mRNA expression levels of E-cadherin and α-SMA were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The protein expression levels of E-cadherin,GSK3 β,and p-GSK3 β (Ser9) were measured by Western blot.The one-way analysis of variance was used for pairwise comparison.Results The cells in group R became spindle-like.Similar morphological changes were not observed in cells in group R + A.Osmiophilic lamellar bodies disappeared at last in cells in group R.RT-PCR results showed that compared with group C,group R had a significantly lower mRNA expression level of E-cadherin ((0.23 ± 0.06) vs.(1.00 ± 0.00),P =0.002)) and a significantly higher mRNA expression level of α-SMA ((2.91 ± 0.01) vs.(1.00 ± 0.00),P =0.000)).However,compared with group R,group R + A had a significantly higher mRNA expression level of E-cadherin ((0.47 ± 0.05) vs.(1.00 ± 0.00),P =0.024)) but a significantly lower mRNA expression level of α-SMA ((2.50 ± 0.02) vs.(1.00 ±0.00),P =0.037)).The results of Western blot showed that the protein expression level of Ecadherin was significantly reduced ((0.07 ± 0.01) vs.(0.48 ± 0.02),P =0.028)),while the protein expression level of p-GSK3β was significantly increased in Group R than in Group C ((0.85 ± 0.04) vs.(0.23 ± 0.03),P =0.031)).However,compared with group R,group R + A had a significantly lower protein expression level of E-cadherin ((0.25 ± 0.00) vs.(0.07 ± 0.01),P =0.024)) and significantly less up-regulation of the protein expression level of p-GSK3β ((0.39 ± 0.03) vs.(0.85 ± 0.04),P =0.014)).Conclusions X-ray radiation can induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in epithelial cells.5-azacytidine suppresses radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibition of the activity of p-GSK3β in RLE-6TN cells.

Objective To develop a new type of locating rod with easy installation and high reliability for radiotherapy.Methods The locating rod was composed of a joining beam,two clamping buckles and buckle holders.The joining beam had the length being 530+03 mm.One of the buckles was put at one end of the beam,and the other slided along a stool.An eccentric wheel drove the sliding buckle to determine the space between two buckles,and a returning spring was involved in to enhance the compliance of the sliding buckle.Results The rod gained easy installation and operation,and was compatible with the bed board with the width of 5300 mm.There was no sideslip occurred after locking the rod,and the sideslip shift was not more than 1 mm in case of 20 kgf (1 kgf=9.8 N) lateral traction.Conclnsion The rod has high performances and meets clinical requirements.

Objective To explore the mechanism of hBUB1 gene in the developing of spontaneous abortion embryos with numerical chromosomal abnormalitv.Methods Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA and protein level of hsMAD2 gene both in spontaneous abortion embryos with numerical chromosomal abnormality(experimental group)and with numerical chromosomal normality(control group).Recombinant shRNA plasmids targeting hBUB1 gene was constructed to inhibit the expression of endogenous hBUB1 genes in embryonic cells.Interference efficiency was demonstrated by fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot.The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay and cells-cycle was assessed by flow cytometry.Resuns Western blot analysis showed that protein level of hBUB1 in the experimental group was decreased signifieandv(the rate of positivity and strong positivity were 8%and 93.5%,respectively,P＜0.05)compared with the control group.The expression of hBUB1 gene in embryonic cells was significantly and specially inhibited by shRNA plasmids (the mRNA level before and after treatment witll RNAi were 0.196±0.067 and 0.042±0.006,respectively,P＜0.05).The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was increased to 62%from 4%at 48 h after transfection.The rate of G2/M phase cells was decreased after transfection with efficient shRNA(control group:40.2%and 41.3%,test group:21.3%).Conclusions Down-regulation of hBUB1 gene leads to the inhibition of cell proliferation and the arrest of cell-cycle.It also probably plays an important role in the development of spontaneous abortion embryos with numerical chromosomal abnormality.The clinical relevance warrant further investigation.

Objective To investigate the expression of human spindle mitosis arrest deficiency gene (hsMAD2)in spontaneous abortion embryos and the relationship between low expression of hsMAD2 and numerical chromosomal aberration. Methods Spontaneous abortion embryo tissues were collected,including 23 cases of once spontaneous abortion tissue and 10 cases of twice or more spontaneous abortion tissue and induced abortion embryos(35 cases)from the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Affilisted Hospitals of Chongqing University of Medical Science during the period of March 2006 to March 2007.FQ-PCR and western blot were used to evaluate the endogenous expression level of hsMAD2 mRNA and hsMAD2 protein;primary culturing of cells from the induced abortion embryos was conducted and 5 embryonic cells were selected by chromosomes karyotype analysis.Recombinant shRNA plasmids targeting hsMAD2 gene were constructed to inhibit the expression of endogenous hsMAIY2 genes in embryonic cells which have normal karyotypes;the groups were defined as the first experimental group(transfeeted with pshRNA-hsMAD2-1),the second experimental group(transfected with pshRNA-hsMAD2-2),the third experimental group(transfected with pshRNA-hsMAD2-3),the first control group(transfected with nothing),the second control group(transfected with pTZU6+1)and the independent group(transfected with pshRNA-N1).Interference efficiency was demonstrated by FQ-PCR and western blot:cell prolireration was meagured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay;cell-cycle was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM):the chromosome numbers were calculated to analyze the variation of chromosomes.Results(1) The mRNA levels of hsMAD2 in the once spontaneous abortion tissue,twice or more spontaneous abortion tissue and indueed abortion tissue were 0.00879±0.00035.0.00901±0.00033 and 0.00941±0.00026 respectively,and there Wag no significant ditierence(P＞0.05)compared with each other;however,the protein levels of hsMAD2 in three groups were 0.2791±0.0311.0.0431±0.0020 and 0.5790±0.0331 respectively,and there were significant difierences(P＜0.05)compared with each other.(2)Recombinant shRNA plagmids could significantly and specifically inhibit hsMAD2 gene expression in embryonic cells.Compared with the first control group(4%)and the second control group(3%),the recombinant shRNA could inhibit embryonic cell proliferation to 54% at 48 h after transfection(P＜0.05):compared with the first control group(8.2%)and the second control group(8.0%),the ratios of G2/M phase cells in the experimental group(17.9%)was significantly increased(P＜0.05);compared with the first control group (4.8%),the ratios of abnormal chromosomes in the experimental group was increased to 30.0%(P＜0.05).Conclusions Down-expression of hsMAD2 gene may be one of the mechanisms inducing numerical chromosome aberration,abnormal embryo development and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion.

This article compares and analyzes the content and theoretical structure of the concept of pathogenesis from the national textbooks of Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine and Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine from the first to the ninth version.The authors consider the mechanism as the main content of pathogenesis concept in contemporary Chinese medicine.During the construction of this concept,the concept of pathology has a profound influence,wh ich differs a lot from the emphasis on key in ancient pathogenesis content,mainly reflected in clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas transferring from dealing with key issues to dealing with abstract concept.This change is associated with the impact of western medicine on modern Chinese medicine,emphasizing the mechanism and so on,so that the ancient Xiang (象) concept is marginalized.

Objective To investigate how to improve test quality by monitoring and analyzing 15 clinical laboratory quality indicators from the National Health and Family Planning Commission .Methods Data were collected from clinical laboratory department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2011 and August 2015.15 quality indicators were analyzed retrospectively , including the error rate of specimen type , the coefficient variation unqualified rate of internal quality control test, the reporting rate of critical value , et al.Results The monitoring results of quality indicators basically satisfied the quality goals , except that the median of turn around time in pre-analytical phase was not established, routine internal quality control was not conducted in some laboratory tests in analytical phase and the reporting rate and reporting timely rate of critical value should be further improved in post -analytical phase .Conclusion Medical laboratory quality system can be continuously improved by means of setting up the quality goals of 15 quality indicators referring to sub-specialty and laboratory tests , as well as automated monitoring, statistics and analysis in LIS.

Objective To observe the radiosensitization effect of Aidi injection on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, and to analyze its possible mechanism.Methods ① A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of Aidi injection (1.875, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 mg/mL) for 24 hours, and in the mean time, a blank control group was set up; the effect of Aidi injection on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and the 10% cell growth inhibitor concentration (IC10) was calculated. ② The experiments were divided into blank control, Aidi control, radiation and Aidi pretreatment groups. The Aidi control group was incubated for 24 hours by Aidi injection IC10; the radiotherapy group was given X-ray irradiation of 4 Gy followed by incubation for 24 hours; the Aidi pretreatment group was incubated for 24 hours by Aidi injection IC10 and then given X-ray irradiation of 4 Gy; the blank control group received equal volume of normal saline and was incubated for 24 hours. The survival fraction (SF) value was detected by cell colony formation assay; the protein levels of the serine phosphorylation at 139 locus of histone (γ-H2AX protein), the key protein in homologous recombination repair pathway (Rad51 protein) and the cell autophage characteristic protein (LC3 protein) were detected by Western Blot; the formation of autophagosome was observed by transmission electron microscope.Results Aidi injection possessed the suppression of the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, the proliferation of the cells in various Aidi groups was lower than that in the blank control group, with the increase in drug concentration, the A549 cell growth inhibition ratio (IR) was gradually increased, representing a dose dependent manner, and the IC10 was 3.09 mg/mL. Compared with the blank control group, the SF value in Aidi control group was not significantly different [(94.7±3.85)% vs. (100.0±0.00)%,P > 0.05], the SF value in radiation group was decreased [(71.8±5.9)% vs. (100.0±0.0)%,P < 0.05], and in Aidi pretreatment group, the value was further decreased compared with that in radiation group [(51.9±4.7)% vs. (71.8±5.9)%,P < 0.05]. Compared with the blank control group, the expression of γ-H2AX protein in the three treatment groups was significantly increased, the degree of increase in Aidi pretreatment group was the most obvious, and it was significantly higher than that in radiation group (gray value: 1.44±0.11 vs. 0.93±0.09,P < 0.05). But the expression of Rad51 protein was the highest in radiation group, and it was higher than that in Aidi pretreatment group (gray value: 1.37±0.07 vs. 0.78±0.04, P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ value in Aidi control group, radiation group and Aidi pretreatment group were increased, and the degree of increase in Aidi pretreatment group was the most significant (0.35±0.06, 0.37±0.07, 0.49±0.06 vs. 0.05±0.04, allP < 0.05). Under transmission electron microscope, compared with the blank control group, the autophagosome in all treatment groups was increased to some extent, and the degree of increase in Aidi pretreatment group was the most remarkable.Conclusion Aidi injection has the enhancing effect of radiosensitization on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, and its mechanism is possibly related to the up-regulation of A549 cell autophagy level.

Objective To explore the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffolds incorporating ADM-PLGA microspheres in repairing large bone defects of rabbit femoral condyle. Methods Animal models of bone defects were induced in 21 New Zealand white rabbits by drilling holes in bilateral femoral lateral condyles , and the rabbits were equally divided into 3 groups:group A as the control group with the defects untreated , group B treated by filling with nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffolds (NHAC), and group C treated by filling with the nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffolds incorporating ADM-PLGA microspheres (ADM-PLGA-NHAC). At week 12 after implanting , the rabbits were all sacrificed for the implanted scaffolds , which were then examined by X-ray , and Micro-CT 3D reconstruction and in histology for evaluation of the new bone formation. Results X-ray, Micro-CT and the measurement and analysis of BMD indicated thatthere was no significant differencein the new bone formation between group B and group C (P > 0.05). The histological examination revealed that. 12 weeks after operation an evident number of new born bones were seen on the implanted scaffolds in groups B and C , while very few were seen scattering in group A. Conclusion The nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffolds incorporating ADM-PLGA microspheres is effective in repairing bone defect without influencing the prosthetic process.