Objective To explore the regulating mechanism of the astrocytes on the expression of ?-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors(AMPARs) subunit in epileptogenesis. Methods The astrocytic conditional medium(ACM) was collected after being stimulated by glutamate,and then ACM was added to the cultured hippocampal neurons.The expression changes of neuronal GluR2 and protein interacting with C-kinase-1(PICK1) mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. Results In the cultured hippocampal neurons,the GluR2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased at the 2nd,8(th),and 12(th) hours after the administration of ACM compared with that in the control group(P

AIM:To explore whether the balance between endothelin(ET) and nitric oxide(NO) plays an important role in airway hyperresponsiveness of asthmatic rats. METHODS:The tension of isolated perfused rat tracheal rings was measured after ET-1 stimulation and incubation of JKC 302 and L-NAME. RESULTS:ET-1 constricted isolated rat tracheal ring, produced slowly developing and long-lasting contraction. The ET-1-induced contraction response of asthmatic rat tracheal ring was higher than that of normal control group (P＜0.01). JKC 302, a selective ETA receptor antagonist, partly blocked ET-1-induced contraction in asthmatic rat trachea ring. L-NAME significantly augmented the constriction caused by ET-1. CONCLUSION:The effects of ET on bronchomotor tone may be modified by NO as this is a bronchomotor, and the imbalance between ET and NO may play an important role in asthma pathogenesis.

Seven-year-program medical education is an important model to train high-level medical person.Through the change of the teaching concept in medicine cytobiology experiment,re-form of the teaching content,and the use of a variety of effective teaching methods,students’com-prehensive quality,innovative thinking and practical ability is improved,which can meet the needs of modern medical education.

By participating in the research practice of basic medicine,the innovative consciousness,the scientific thinking and researching ability of seven-year program medical students can be improved. Meanwhile,the generalization of Open Experimental Teaching and further development of self-design experiment also improve the innovation and research ability of medical students,which can serve as a new approach to the quality education of higher medical talents.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone in inhibiting opioid-induced cough (OIC) during general anesthesia induction in patients with gynecological tumors.Methods:A total of 180 patients who were scheduled for elective gynecological tumor surgery under general anesthesia in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from March to November 2019 were selected. They were randomly divided into blank control group, dexmedetomidine group and dexamethasone group according to the random number table method, each group had 60 cases. Firstly, all patients had a 10-minute rest (T 0) after they entered the operate room. Treatment before general anesthesia induction:dexmedetomidine group was pumped dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg (diluted to 10 ml with 0.9% NaCl injection) using an electronic infusion pump; dexamethasone group was injected intravenously dexamethasone 10 mg; blank control group was pumped with 10 ml 0.9% NaCl injection. The pumping was finished within 5 minutes, and the end time of pumping was denoted as T 1. Induction of general anesthesia was performed 5 minutes after the end of pumping: firstly, sufentanil was given intravenously at 0.3 μg/kg, and the injection was finished within 5 seconds (T 2). Two minutes after sufentanil injection (T 3), cis-atracurium 0.3 mg/kg and propofol medium/long-chain injection 2 mg/kg were sequentially injected. Then preoxygenation, endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were implemented in turn. One minute after intubation was recorded as T 4. The incidence and severity of cough in patients within T 2-T 3 of each group were recorded, as well as the incidence of tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, respiratory depression and myotonia during T 1-T 4. Results:The incidence of OIC in the dexmedetomidine group (10.0%, 6/60) and dexamethasone group (8.3%, 5/60) was lower than that in the blank control group (33.3%, 20/60), and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant ( χ2 = 16.445, P < 0.01), while there was no significant difference in the incidence of OIC between the dexmedetomidine group and the dexamethasone group ( P > 0.05). The incidence of sinus bradycardia in the dexmedetomidine group (16.3%, 10/60) was higher than that in the blank control group (0, 0/60) and dexamethasone group (8.4%, 1/60), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Respiratory depression and myotonia did not occur in the three groups. Conclusions:Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine or intravenous dexamethasone before anesthesia induction can effectively reduce the incidence of OIC in patients with gynecological tumors, and there is no significant difference between the effects of the two drugs. The incidence of sinus bradycardia increases significantly after dexmedetomidine infusion.

Objective To elucidate the molecular basis for induced resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone in vitro. Methods The reference strain ATCC49226 and clinical isolate ZSSY00205 of N. gon-orrhoeae were exposed to subinhibitory concentration of ceftriaxone for the induction of resistance. Then,suppression subtractive hybridization was performed with the pre-induction parent strains as drivers and post-induction mutant strains as testers to create a subtractive cDNA library. Following that, a total of 192 clones were randomly selected from the library, and arrayed by spotting onto nylon membranes. Finally, dif-ferentially expressed genes were screened by hybridization with labeled-RsaI restriction fragments from the sensitive and resistant N.gonorrhoeae strains respectively, and analyzed by sequencing and homology research using Blast program. Results A subtractive library for these resistant N.gonorrhoeae strains was generated by SSH technique. Microarray analysis and homology research confirmed 5 genes related to ceftriaxone resistance, i.e. mtrR, mtrC, gyrB, rpsJ and PJD1. Conclusions The induced resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone may be associated with mtrR, mtrC, gyrB, rpsJ and PJD1 genes which probably mediate the resistance by enhancing the activity of efflux pump system.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of CE-MRA with low dose contrast agent by comparison with DSA in diabetic patients with peripheral arterial diseases. Methods ( 1 )Study in vitro: test tubes containing Gd-DTPA of different concentrations were scanned, and the relationship between signal intensities and concentrations of GD-DTPA was analyzed. DSA and CE-MRA with selected concentrations of Gd-DTPA were performed on stenotic vascular models to estimate the proper low dose of GD-DTPA for clinical applications. (2) Clinical applications: 78 diabetic patients with peripheral arterial diseases were scanned from the abdomen and pelvis station to the calf-foot station in a 3 T MR system with standard bolus chase 3D CE-MRA sequence after injection of 13 ml GD-DTPA . The image quality,diagnostic rate of stenosis of arteries in calf and degree of venous contamination were evaluated with Fisher's exact test. DSA images of 220 vascular segments in 22 patients ( 10 segments per patient) were acquired as the gold standard and compared with CE-MRA by using Kappa test. Results The MR signal intensities were proportional to the concentrations of contrast agent in present study, and all stenotic segments of vascular model were displayed by CE-MRA with GD-DTPA at lower concentration of 1.5 mmol/L. As for MRA images of 78 diabetic patients with low dose Gd-DTPA, about 97.4% (76/78) showed diagnostic image quality for pelvic and thigh stations. But the MRA images of lower extremities were interfered by the venous contamination significantly (P ＜ 0.01 ). Compared with DSA for 22 patients, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and agreement coefficient (Kappa value) of MRA were 96. 0% ( 168/175), 73.3%(33/45), and 0.72 (P＜0.01), respectively. Conclusion Using 3.0 T MR scanner, high quality CE-MRA of lower limb arteries can be obtained for clinical applications with contrast agent dose as low as 13 ml,which has comparable diagnostic sensitivity and specificity with DSA. But the limitation of venous contamination in MRA image should be resolved in further studies.

Objective To construct expression vectors of calmodulin(CaM)mutants N2 and C2,and to express,purify,and identify the mutant proteins,in order to study the interactions between CaM and calcium channels. Methods The cDNA of N?lobe and C?lobe of CaM were used to prepare the cDNA of N2 and C2. Next,the recombinant cDNAs were cloned into a pGEX?6p?3 plasmid,and the recombinant plasmids were trans?ferred into E.coli BL21 cells. The transfected BL21 cells were stimulated with IPTG. The fusion proteins were extracted by ultrasonication and puri?fied by using GS?4B beads. Finally,protein activity was identified by the pull?down assay. Results Both the restriction digestion map and the DNA sequence identification results confirmed that the recombinant plasmids were successfully constructed. SDS?PAGE results showed high purity and concentration of N2 and C2 proteins. Their activities and binding abilities with the calcium channel fragment were confirmed by the pull?down assay.Conclusion In this study,expression vectors of N2 and C2 are successfully constructed,and physiologically active N2 and C2 CaM mutant proteins are obtained.

Objective The molecular etiology of hearing impairment in Guangdong District has not been thor-oughly investigated.SCL26A4 gene mutation and relevant phenotype were analyzed in this study.Methods The coding exons of SLC26A4 were analyzed in 59 EVA cases.Those SLC26A4 gene mutations patients were examined by temporal bone CT.Results Fifty-nine cases were SLC26A4 mutations deafness patients,and 21 cases (35. 59%)and 38 cases (64.41%)patients with SLC26A4 biallelic allele (compound homozygous or heterozygous)and monoallelic gene mutation,including 16 cases of SLC26A4 gene IVS7-2 A> G homozygous mutations,2 cases of 2168A>G homozygous mutations and 3 cases of IVS7-2A>G,2168 A > G compound heterozygous mutations in children with CT showing bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueduct or other types of inner ear malformations.Thirty-one patients were IVS7-2A>G heterozygous for SLC26A4 mutation and seven 2168 A > G heterozygous muta-tion.Four patients with SLC26A4 gene mutations were confirmed to have enlarged vestibular aqueduct with Mondini dysplasia.Two patients with normal phenotype ,and others were enlarged vestibular aqueduct.Conclusion Muta-tions in the SLC26A4 gene with enlarged vestibular aqueduct patients were frequently found in Guangdong District.IVS7-2A>G mutations rate were highest,followed by 2168 A > G.We established the new strategy that detects SLC26A4 mutations prior to the temporal bone CT scan to find enlarged vestibular aqueduct and inner ear malforma-tion patients .

Objective:To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on perioperative coagulation function and inflammatory factors in patients with malignant ovarian tumors.Methods:A total of 60 patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery for malignant ovarian tumors from September 2019 to May 2020 in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were selected and divided into the dexmedetomidine group and the control group according to the random number table method, 30 cases in each group. Patients in the dexmedetomidine group were pumped with dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg 10 min before induction of anesthesia, and then the intravenous pump was maintained at a rate of 0.2-0.6 μg·kg -1·h -1 until 30 min before the completion of the operation pump injection. The control group was pumped with 0.9% NaCl solution of the same volume at the same time. Before induction of anesthesia (T 0), 2 h after administration (T 1), and 3 h after operation (T 2), the patients' venous blood was collected to detect platelet count (Plt), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thrombin time (APTT), plasma fibrinogen (FIB), D-dimer; and levels of serum inflammatory factors interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were also detected. The operation time, intraoperative fluid infusion, amount of anesthetics, and total intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups. Results:Plt at T 1 and T 2 time were (154±28)×10 9/L, (138±27)×10 9/L of the dexmedetomidine group and (133±44)×10 9/L, (114±50)×10 9/L of the control group, which were lower than those of both groups at T 0 time [(182±46)×10 9/L, (184±55)×10 9/L], and the differences were statistically significant ( F values were 11.975, 16.058, all P < 0.05); and Plt at T 1 and T 2 time of the control group were lower than those of the dexmedetomidine group (all P < 0.05). FIB level at T 1 and T 2 time [(3.2±0.9) g/L, (3.3±0.9) g/L of the dexmedetomidine group; (3.7±0.6) g/L, (4.6±0.9) g/L of the control group] and D-dimer level at T 1 and T 2 time [(0.77±0.25) mg/L, (0.81±0.51) mg/L of the dexmedetomidine group; (0.96±0.31) mg/L, (1.15±0.56) mg/L of the control group] were higher than those of both groups at T 0 time [FIB: (3.0met) g/L, (2.8 met) g/L; D-dimer: (0.65rt T) mg/L, (0.63 rt T) mg/L], and the differences were statistically significant (F values were 5.234, 46.121, 4.358, 11.091, all P < 0.05); FIB and D-dimer levels at T 1 and T 2 time of the control group were higher than those of the dexmedetomidine group (all P < 0.05). PT and APTT at T 2 time of the dexmedetomidine group were (12.7±0.5) s and (33.8±3.7) s, respectively, and the control group were (12.3±0.8) s, (31.8±2.4)s, respectively, which were shorter than those of both groups at T 0 time [PT: (13.0±0.3) s, (13.0±0.3) s; APTT: (35.7±2.0) s, (35.7±2.6) s], and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05), and PT and APTT levels at T 2 time of the control group were shorter than those of the dexmedetomidine group (all P < 0.05). IL-6 level at T 1 and T 2 time [(73.3±2.8) pg/L, (84.7±3.8) pg/L of the dexmedetomidine group; (81.5±3.6) pg/L, (89.8±3.2) pg/L of the control group] and TNF-α level at T 1 and T 2 time [(27.4±4.4) ng/L, (32.9±3.7) ng/L of the dexmedetomidine group; (32.7±2.5) ng/L, (39.8±4.0) ng/L of the control group] were higher than those of both groups at T 0 time [IL-6: (65.9±2.9) pg/L, (65.0±1.8) pg/L; TNF-α: (15.4±3.1) ng/L, (16.6±2.6) ng/L)], and the differences were statistically significant ( F values were 264.650, 553.019, 162.447, and 438.225, respectively, all P < 0.05), and IL-6 and TNF-α levels at T 1 and T 2 time of the control group were higher than those of the dexmedetomidine group (all P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in operation time, intraoperative fluid infusion, and intraoperative total blood loss between the two groups (all P > 0.05), but the intraoperative use of propofol and remifentanil of the control group was more than that of the dexmedetomidine group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine under general anesthesia for malignant ovarian patients undergoing surgery can effectively improve the perioperative coagulation function and reduce the level of inflammatory factors, thereby reducing the risk of postoperative thrombotic events.