AIM:To explore whether the balance between endothelin(ET) and nitric oxide(NO) plays an important role in airway hyperresponsiveness of asthmatic rats. METHODS:The tension of isolated perfused rat tracheal rings was measured after ET-1 stimulation and incubation of JKC 302 and L-NAME. RESULTS:ET-1 constricted isolated rat tracheal ring, produced slowly developing and long-lasting contraction. The ET-1-induced contraction response of asthmatic rat tracheal ring was higher than that of normal control group (P＜0.01). JKC 302, a selective ETA receptor antagonist, partly blocked ET-1-induced contraction in asthmatic rat trachea ring. L-NAME significantly augmented the constriction caused by ET-1. CONCLUSION:The effects of ET on bronchomotor tone may be modified by NO as this is a bronchomotor, and the imbalance between ET and NO may play an important role in asthma pathogenesis.

Objective To study the clinical effect of percutaneous laser disc decompression(PLDD) combined with ozone injection in the treatment of cervical spondylosis.Methods 183 cases of cervical spondylosis were randomly divided into two groups.One group of 80 cases with 118 cervical discs herniation were treated with PLDDonly.while the other group of 103 cases with 142 cervical discs herniation were treated with PLDD combined with ozone injectlon.The patients were followed up for 3 to18 months(mean 7 months).The clinical effects were assessed according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system(JOA score)and the improvement rates of the two groups were compared.Results 167 cases were followed up.The average point of the group treated with PLDD is 15.2 and the improvement rate is 74.7%.The average point of the group treated with PLDD combined with ozone injection is 16.3 and the improvement rate is 91.3%.The difference between two groups has statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment of cervical spondylosis with PLDD combined with ozone injection is safe.painless and minimally invasive.The clinical effect is impmved tremendously and much better than monotherapy.

BACKGROUND:Massive blood loss was caused by an over-reactive fibrinolytic system, as a sequence of tourniquet usage and surgery trauma in total knee arthroplasty. As an antifibrinolytic drug, tranexamic acid has been proven to decrease not only the obvious and total blood loss, but also the ratio of alograft blood transfusion in total knee arthroplasty. Nevertheless, the effect of tranexamic acid on hidden blood loss in total knee arthroplasty had not been clarified yet. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid on hidden blood loss in primary total knee arthroplasty. METHODS:Clinical data of 54 patients who received primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty in the Third Hospital, Peking University from June to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into two groups according to the use of tranexamic acid. 22 patients in the tranexamic acid group were given 2 g tranexamic acid by intravenous infusion during surgery. 32 patients in the control group were given an equal volume of physiological saline. Patients in both groups were oraly given anticoagulant rivaroxaban after replacement. Hemoglobin level and blood hematocrit were recorded before and after surgery for 5 consecutive days. The total amount of blood loss and hidden blood loss were calculated by using Cross equation. The difference in the amount of blood loss was compared between the two groups. Lower extremity venous ultrasound examination was conducted at 1 week after replacement to determine deep venous thrombosis in the lower limb. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No significant difference in general data and perioperative conditions was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative drainage, dominant blood loss, total blood volume, the amount of autologous blood transfusion and the amount of alogeneic blood transfusion were significantly less in the tranexamic acid group than in the control group (P < 0.05). According to Gross formula, the difference of hidden blood loss was statisticaly significant between the tranexamic acid group (302.9±189.9) mL and the control group (596.8±271.4) mL (P < 0.05). Deep vein thrombosis appeared in one case between the two groups after replacement. Results indicate that intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid dramaticaly decreased the hidden blood loss in unilateral total knee arthroplasty, reduced alogeneic blood transfusion, and simultaneously did not increase the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the lower limb.

Objective:To build the model of the gene FKBP38 (FK506 binding protein 38) conditional knock out in liver.Methods:Transgenic mouse whose FKBP38 gene was flanked with loxP was constructed by embryo microinjection.The FKBP38 gene was deleted by breeding mice harboring two loxP sites in FKBP38 (FKBP38fl/fl) with the mice bearing the expression ofCre recombinase mice driven by an album promoter.Afterward,the genotype of FKBP38 conditional knockout mice was analyzed.Results:①Relative hepatic FKBP38 mRNA levels showed significant difference between FKBP38 conditional knockout mice (FKBP38-/-) and wild type(P＜ 0.001).②Relative hepatic FKBP38 protein expression levels of FKBP38 conditional knockout mice (FKBP38-/-) were significantly different with wild type(P＜0.001).③Relative phosphorylation of hepatic p70 S6K and 4E-BP-1 protein of FKBP38 conditional knockout mice (FKBP38-/-) showed no significant difference,with slight decrease in phosphorylation of 4E-BP-1,compared with wild type.④No significant difference in expression of hepatic Bcl-2 between FKBP38-/-and wild type.Conclusions:The mouse model of the gene FKBP38 (FK506 binding protein 38) conditional knock out in liver is successfully built.

Pancreatic cancer is a rapidly progressive and highly malignancy of the digestive system. In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer has been in a slow stage of development, and the 5-year survival rate of patients remains very low. The main objective of translational medicine is to remove the barriers between basic medical research and clinical medical applications, to achieve practical integration between laboratory and clinic, and to accelerate the translation of the results obtained from basic research into clinical diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of diseases, thus promoting the development of life sciences. With the rapid development of the concept and technology of translational medicine, its application in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can bring new hope for effectively improving the overall prognosis of patients. The authors comprehensively analyzed the latest research progress of translational medicine in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in order to improve the early diagnosis and long-term survival of pancreatic cancer patient.

Objective:To observe the protective effects of Clostridium butyricum and butyrate on pancreas, liver and intestinal mucosa in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods:Forty Sprage-dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, ANP group，Clostridium butyricum treated group(CB group) and butyrate treated group(SB group), with 10 rats in each group by random number method. The ANP rat models were prepared by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct. Rats in CB and SB group were given intragastic administration of Clostridium butyricum 1×10 9 CFU or sodium butyrate (100 mg/kg) in 10 days once a day before modeling. Serum amylase (SAMY), lypase, ALT, AST, TBil, tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α), IL-6 and HMGB1were measured after 24 h. Protein from intestinal mucosa was extracted and Western Blotting was used to measure expression of tight-junction proteins ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin. Pancreas and liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and scored by pathology. Results:The levels of amylase [(9365.1±716.5), (5947.3±512.0), (6517.7±269.6)U/L], lipase[(8343.7±1041.4), (6600.4±899.7), (6754.4±1046.4)U/L], AST[(560.5±72.7), (432.0±76.2), (429.8±40.5)U/L], ALT[(499.9±65.2), (385.7±46.0), (395.8±45.8)U/L], TBil[(134.2±56.2), (74.3±65.2), (81.3±35.3)U/L], TNF-α[(162.0±14.4), (100.4±6.3), (119.2±12.5)ng/L], IL-6[(161.4±26.0), (104.8±15.2), (105.5±12.7)ng/L], HMGB1[(100.1±6.7), (58.0±7.7), (63.4±7.2)ng/L] in ANP group, CB group and SB group were detected; and the pathological scores of pancreas[(11.2±1.08)，(9.45±1.06), (9.04±0.89)] and liver[(2.89±0.73), (2.09±0.49), (2.12±0.52)] in ANP group，CB group and SB group were higher than those in control group[(100.6±5.20)U/L, (966.5±301.9)U/L，(30.2±6.3)U/L, (27.6±5.9)U/L, (2.4±0.6)U/L, (29.5±4.8)ng/L，(36.9±7.6)ng/L，(35.5±5.7)ng/L，(1.18±0.05)，(0.56±0.09)]. However, those indexes in CB group and SB group were lower than those in ANP group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). The expression of ZO-1 in control group, ANP group, CB group and SB group was 1.83, 0.79, 1.25 and 1.16. The expression of claudin-1 in control group, ANP group, CB group and SB group was 0.58, 0.13, 0.43 and 0.37. The expression of occludin in control group, ANP group, CB group and SB group was 1.06, 0.38, 0.82 and 0.79. The expression of TJ proteins in ANP group was significantly lower than that in other groups and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Clostridium butyricum and metabolites butyrate can alleviate the inflammatory response in ANP rats with liver injury, maintain the function of intestinal mucosal barrier and prevent the liver injury.

Objective Sperm quality can be affected by many factors .The aim of this study was to observe the effects of di-etary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs) on sperm concentration and motility . Methods Twenty healthy B6 male mice were equally randomized to a control and an experimental group to be fed with standard diet and standard diet +10%arachidonic acid (AA), respectively, both for 8 weeks.Then the testes and epididymal tails of the mice were collected for observation of the changes in the microstructure of the epididymal tissue and determination of sperm motility and concentration . Results Compared with the con-trol group, the experimental animals showed significantly decreased serum levels of α-linolenic acid ( ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and linoleic acid (LA) (P <0.01), but dramatically increased the levels of AA and n-6/n-3 PUFAs (P<0.01).The latter also exhibited remarkable reduction in sperm concentration (7 ×106/mL vs 80 ×106/mL, P<0.01), sperm motility (27%vs 86%, P<0.01). Conclusion High levels of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratios reduce sperm concentration and motility in mice .

Objective The molecular etiology of hearing impairment in Guangdong District has not been thor-oughly investigated.SCL26A4 gene mutation and relevant phenotype were analyzed in this study.Methods The coding exons of SLC26A4 were analyzed in 59 EVA cases.Those SLC26A4 gene mutations patients were examined by temporal bone CT.Results Fifty-nine cases were SLC26A4 mutations deafness patients,and 21 cases (35. 59%)and 38 cases (64.41%)patients with SLC26A4 biallelic allele (compound homozygous or heterozygous)and monoallelic gene mutation,including 16 cases of SLC26A4 gene IVS7-2 A> G homozygous mutations,2 cases of 2168A>G homozygous mutations and 3 cases of IVS7-2A>G,2168 A > G compound heterozygous mutations in children with CT showing bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueduct or other types of inner ear malformations.Thirty-one patients were IVS7-2A>G heterozygous for SLC26A4 mutation and seven 2168 A > G heterozygous muta-tion.Four patients with SLC26A4 gene mutations were confirmed to have enlarged vestibular aqueduct with Mondini dysplasia.Two patients with normal phenotype ,and others were enlarged vestibular aqueduct.Conclusion Muta-tions in the SLC26A4 gene with enlarged vestibular aqueduct patients were frequently found in Guangdong District.IVS7-2A>G mutations rate were highest,followed by 2168 A > G.We established the new strategy that detects SLC26A4 mutations prior to the temporal bone CT scan to find enlarged vestibular aqueduct and inner ear malforma-tion patients .

BACKGROUND:The greatest risk of osteoporosis in total knee arthroplastyisperioperative and long-term periprosthetic fractures. However, limited by the traditional concept of osteoarthritis patientswhousualy not associated with osteoporosis, domestic clinical trials have not given enough attention to the osteoporosis before total knee arthroplasty.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the osteoporosis and its relative factors in osteoarthritis patients before total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS:Data of 81 cases (81 knees) of knee osteoarthritiswhounderwenttotal knee arthroplasty in the Department of Joint Surgery of Tianjin People’s Hospital from January 2012 to November 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. They received lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density examination before surgery. The correlation of bone mineral density with age, body mass index, knee motion range,and knee deformity was analyzed before surgery. The independent risk factors for osteoporosis before replacement were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Of 81 patients, there were normal bone mineral density in 25 cases (31%), osteopenia in 35 cases (43%),andosteoporosis in 21 cases (26%). Al 10 males had no osteoporosis and 21 in 71 female cases suffered osteoporosis (30%). Theincidence of osteoporosis in females was significantly higher than in male patients (P=0.046). (2) There was a linear correlation of bone mineral density with age and body mass index (correlation coefficientr=-0.230, 0.225). (3) The age of≥65 years and body mass index≥25 kg/m2were independent risk factors of osteoporosis before replacement (P< 0.05). (4) Patients with knee osteoarthritis had higher incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis before total knee arthroplasty. The degree of osteoporosis was negatively correlated with age, but positively correlated with body mass index. The age of≥65 years and body mass index < 25 kg/m2were independent risk factors for preoperative osteoporosis. Thus, bone mineral density examination is essential for those patients before total knee arthroplasty.

Objective:To identify the risk factors associated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage I gastric cancer and establish nomograms model based on risk factors.Methods:In this retrospective case-control study, 161 cases with stage Ⅰ primary gastric adenocarcinoma were included who underwent gastrectomy at the Department of General Surgery of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January to December in 2020, including 129 male cases and 32 females cases, with the average age of (59.90±0.80) years. Among them, 41 cases were treated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (chemotherapy group), while 120 cases who did not receive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (no chemotherapy group). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage Ⅰ gastric cancer patients and establish the nomograms predictive model. ROC curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the performance of the model.Results:Multivariate analysis revealed that primary tumor site, tumor size, T stage, N stage lymph-vascular tumor embolus or perineural invasion were the independent risk factors of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for stage Ⅰ gastric cancer( P<0.05). The ROC curve indicated that area under the curve (AUC) of the multivariate model was 0.91(95% CI: 0.86-0.97). The calibration curve showed that probability predicted by nomograms was consistent with the actual situation(C-index: 0.91). Conclusions:The tumor located in the proximal stomach, tumor size>2 cm, T 2, N 1, lymph-vascular tumor embolus or perineural invasion maybe be the risk factors for chemotherapy decision in stage Ⅰ gastric cancer patients. The established model has good predictive ability for postoperative chemotherapy of stage Ⅰ gastric cancer patients, which might provide reference for the selection of clinical decisions in this part of patients.