[Summary] Nowadays ,obesity and diabetes mellitus have become an important worldwide public health problem. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment method of morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ). Although nutrition‐related complications after surgery is relatively common ,these complications can be detected and prevented. The key is to establish a routine perioperative prophylaxis and postoperative long‐term monitoring system. Routine metabolic and nutritional monitoring is recommended after all bariatric surgical procedures ,which can help patients maintain long‐term weight loss ,timely detect and treat surgery‐related complications and improve clinical outcomes. In the present mini review ,the perioperative and postoperative nutrition management was introduced.

Objective To investigate the relationship between early brain menifestation such as white matter damage and ventriculomegaly detected by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants.Methods From March 15,2007 to April 12,2011,122 preterm infants accepted MRI examination 8-14 days after birth in Chinese People's Liberation Army 202 Hospital.Totally,115 preterm infants were followed up at 12 months old and mental development index(MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) score were measured.MDI＜70 was as mental dysfunction,-84 as borderline dysfunction and-114 as normal; PDI＜70 was as psychomotor dysfunction,-84 as borderline dysfunction and-114 as normal.The relationship between clinical characteristics of preterm infants,MRI abnormalities and neurodevelopmental outcome were analyzed by analysis of variance,LSD and Kruskal-Wallis H test.Results The 122 premature infants included 69 males and 53 females with the median gestational age of 32 weeks(28-36 weeks)and the median birth weight of 2050 g (1270-3110 g).In 24 premature infants with mentaldysfunction,the average gestational age [(28.7 ± 1.7) weeks],birth weight[(1520.1-44.8) g] and 1 min Apgar score (5.5 ± 0.8) were all lower than those in normal infants [n =59,(33.5 ± 2.2)weeks,(2240.4 ± 47.1) g and 7.1 ± 0.8],while the average mechanical ventilation time was longer [(20.4±5.8) dvs (5.6±2.7) d](t=2.37,2.49,2.13 and 2.44,P＜0.05).In 20 premature infants with psychomotor dysfunction,the average gestational age [(27.9 ±± 1.4) weeks],birth weight [(1515.6±43.7) g],1 min Apgar score (5.6t0.5) were lower than those in normal infants [n=62,(33.2±2.4) weeks,(2264.3±42.5) g and 7.2±0.6],while the mechanical ventilation time was longer [(18.2±4.7) dvs (5.3±2.2) d](t=2.28,2.52,2.09 and 2.38,P＜0.05).Among thirteen preterm infants with severe white matter damage,eleven and nine developed mental or psychomotor dysfunction respectively.Among eleven preterm infants with moderate and severe ventriculomegaly,seven and six developed mental or psychomotor dysfunction respectively.The more severe the white matter damage and ventriculomegaly,the higher the incidence of mental (H=16.23 and 14.33,P＜0.05) and psychomotor dysfuction (H =18.63 and 12.69,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions White matter damage is common in preterm infants.Prognosis of preterm infants with mental and psychomotor dysfunction is related with the degree of white matter damage and ventriculomegaly.

Objective To investigate the change of plasma marinobufagenin (MBG) level and the expression of its receptor Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) in renal biopsy specimens of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) patients. Methods Twenty-eight CGN patients and 14 healthy people were enrolled in the study. The plasma MBG concentration was measured by competitive inhibition ELISA system. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining were applied to detect the expression of NKA in renal biopsy specimens of 28 CGN patients and analyzed by semi quantitively. Results Compared with healthy controls, CGN patients had significant lower plasma MBG concentration [(0.579±0.214) nmol/L vs (0.715±0.154) nmol/L, P＜0.05], without further significant difference between CGN patients with hypertension and with normal blood pressure [(0.595±0.231) nmol/L vs (0.557±0.197) nmol/L, P＞0.05]. Meanwhile, proximal tubular staining of NKA was decreased compared with normal controls. The NKA positive staining area of the CGN group was lower than that of normal controls [2.1% (0.5%-6.2%) vs 5.6% (3.5%-10.8%), P＜0.01] and correlated with 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (r=0.551, P＜0.01).Conclusion Decreased plasma MBG level and its receptor expression on proximal tubules may play a role in the regulation of sodium in CGN.

Phase angle (PA), derived by bioelectrical impedance analysis, has been used to evaluate nutritional status.It has a unique advantage in diagnosing early malnutrition related to diseases by the detection of human body cell membrane integrity and fluid composition change, and being associated with bad disease prognosis in part of clinical research.Because of its non-invasive, convenient, accurate and affordable technique, it has a wide prospect of clinical application.However, lack of uniform PA reference value somehow limited its application.We summarize the latest clinical research and application situation of PA, and explore the characteristics and the influence factors of PA in different disease group, in order to provide theoretical basis for the Chinese PA reference range.

Objective To investigate the impact of leukocyte-removed priming fluid on plasma inflammatory factors TNF-?,IL-6,IL-8,NE peri-CPB in infants.Methods Selected 60 infants,of less than 1-year-old,with ventricular septal defect(VSD)were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group took blood leukocyte-removed priming fluid,and the control group took banked blood-derived priming fluid.The plasma TNF-?,IL-6,IL-8,NE concentrations were determinated by using ELISA at the corresponding period of cardiopulmonary bypass(before CPB,aortic cross-clamping 10 min,aortic open 10 min,2h,6h,12h,24h and 48 h after the end of CPB).Results TNF-?,IL-6,IL-8,NE concentrations increased significantly after the start of CPB(P

Objective To establish a pulmonary allergic inflammation model with C57BL/6 mice.Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into control group and treatment group.The mice of treatment group were sensitized by intra peritoneal injection of house dust mite extracts at day 1,3,5,7,9 and 11.Then they were exposed to aerosolized allergen at day 13,16,19,20 and 21.Physiological saline instead of house dust mite extracts was used in control group.All mice underwent pulmonary lavage in 24h after the final exposure to aerosolized allergen challenge.Pathological manifestation of the lung,cell counts and classification were studied and IL-4 and IFN-? levels in BALF were detected by ELISA.Cells from spleen were cultured for 3 d with house dust mite extracts,IL-4 and IFN-? in supernatants was measured by ELISA.Results There was pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation in the mice treated with house dust mite extracts.Compared with control group,total cells,lymphocytes,eosinophils and the level of IL-4 in BALF from treated mice increased significantly,while IFN-? in BALF decreased.The level of IL-4 in cultured splenocyte supernatants also significantly increased,while IFN-? in supernatants decreased.Conclusion A pulmonary allergic inflammation model of is established by sensitizing and challenging C57BL/6 mice with house dust mite Der f.

Objective There are three categories of bioaerosol laser telemetry systems according to the light source configuration parameters:namely traditional lidar(light datection and ranging,laser radar), micro-pulse lidar and pseudo-random modulation(lidar).The system source parameters,which impact the degree of danger and detection sensitivity of the system, need to be optimized.Methods With reference to the USA laser product safety standards and by establishing the corresponding mathematical model of a lidar, the three categories of lidar source configuration were compared according to signal to noise ratio(SNR) and security before the repetition rate, pulse energy, divergence angle, distance and other dangerous impact factors were calculated.Results The results showed that to ensure eyesafety, the use of the pulse frequency should be set at 55 kHz for the highest SNR under the micro-pulse lidar excitation mode.Conclusion The eyesafety requirements impact the excitation of light source of a bioaerosol telemetry system.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) supplementation on colonic macroscopic and histological score , inflammatory response , and endo-plasmic reticulum stress ( ERS ) response in experimental rat models of colitis .Methods Experimental rat models of colitis were induced by trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS).Totally 100 male SD rats were ran-domly divided into 5 groups according to the random data tables:sham operation group ( Sham group ) , inflam-matory bowel disease group (IBD group),ω-3 PUFA supplementation group (IBD+ω-3 group), 5-aminosali-cylic acid group ( IBD +5-ASA group ) , and ERS activation 2-deoxy-D-glucose group ( IBD +ω-3 +2-DG group).Colonic macroscopic and histological scores were evaluated on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after modeling.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin (IL) -1, and IL-6 were measured using en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay , whereas ERS cytokines including glucose-regulated protein 78 ( GRP78 ) , inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were tested by Western blot. Results Compared with the Sham group , colonic macroscopic and histological score , the serum levels of in-flammation relatived factors (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6) and ERS relatived factors (GRP78、 IRE-1, CHOP) were significantly increased on the rest of the four groups ( all P<0.001 ) .Compared with the IBD group , ω-3 PUFA supplementation reduced colonic macroscopic [7 d: 3.55 ±0.29 vs.4.37 ±0.39, P=0.03, 14 d:2.46 ±0.17 vs.3.86 ±0.21, P=0.04] and histological score [7 d: (2.56 ±0.27) scores vs.(3.45 ± 0.40) scores, P=0.02, 14 d: (2.23 ±0.20) scores vs.(3.06 ±0.26) scores, P=0.04].Meanwhile,ω-3 PUFA supplementation suppressed the expressions of inflammation [TNF-α:(43.71 ±11.39) pg/ml vs. (84.97 ±13.81) pg/ml, P=0.02, IL-1:(38.51 ±10.60) pg/ml vs.(73.04 ±12.48) pg/ml, P=0.01, IL-6:(28.91 ±7.27) pg/ml vs.(53.45 ±9.40) pg/ml, P=0.02] and ERS relatived factors (GRP78:2.41 ±0.29 vs.1.47 ±0.21, P=0.01, IRE-1:2.83 ±0.31 vs.1.23 ±0.20, P<0.001, CHOP:1.89 ± 0.17 vs.1.32 ±0.11 , P=0.04 ) .However , the salutary effects of ω-3 PUFA would been reversed by ERS activation 2-deoxy-D-glucose [ TNF-α: (72.67 ±10.37 ) pg/ml vs.(43.71 ±11.39 ) pg/ml, P =0.02, IL-1:(57.66 ±13.88) pg/ml vs.(38.51 ±10.60) pg/ml, P=0.02, IL-6: (46.10 ±9.67) pg/ml vs. (28.91 ±7.27) pg/ml, P=0.01, GRP78:1.47 ±0.21 vs.1.82 ±0.24, P=0.03, IRE-1:1.23 ±0.20 vs.2.21 ±0.23, P=0.02, CHOP:1.32 ±0.11 vs.1.61 ±0.16, P=0.04].Conclusion The salutary effects of ω-3 PUFA supplementation on the colitis induced by TNBS appear to be mediated by inhibited inflam -matory responses , which may suppress the activation of ERS response .

Objective To investigate the use of parenteral nutrition in hospitalized patients and to examine the process of care of patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) in hospital, in light of European Nutrition Day study, and to preliminarily explore the possible main risk factors for complications.Methods We recruited 314 adult hospitalized patients (≥18 years) requiring PN on a predetermined day (November 25, 2013) in 6 hospitals in Beijing and investigated their disease status, nutrition risk, the use of PN and venous infusion related complications using the European Nutrition Day survey questionnaire.Results Of the 314 patients, 311 completed the survey.In the 311 patients, the proportion of patients who received PN of all-in-one mixed preparation was 76.2％ (237/311), the proportion of patients receiving multibottle system was 23.8％ (74/311);PN was administered via central vein in 56.8％ (171/301) of the patients and via peripheral veins in 43.2％ (130/301) of the patients.The mean duration of infusion was (12.5 ±5.1) hours.The ratio of glucose to fat was 0.84 and the ratio of non-protein to calories 531.1.The total energy provision was less than the recommended intake.38.6％ (120/311) of the patients reported that PN infusion would affect activity, and 33.4％ (104/311) thought PN affected their sleep, and the incidence of infusion-related pain was 19.9％ (62/311).Multivariate analysis result showed that the most important factors of infusion-related pain were intravenous route of PN (x2 =25.911,P =0.000) and total venous infusion volume (x2 =6.053, P =0.014).Conclusions The total energy provision of PN is generally inadequate in hospitalized patients in Beijing.The key factor for reducing transfusion-related pain and enhancing PN tolerance is to establish appropriate infusion route.

Objective To evaluate effectiveness of peripheral Mohs micrographic surgery for the treatment of extramammary Paget′s disease (EMPD). Methods A total of 28 patients with EMPD were treated with peripheral Mohs micrographic surgery. The depth and extent of tumor infiltration were evaluated before the surgery. One day before the surgery, 20% aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride was topically applied to determine and label surgical margins under a Wood′s lamp. After fluorescence-based localization, peritumoral skin tissues were resected and underwent frozen-section examination according to the protocol for Mohs micrographic surgery. Meanwhile, the tumor was resected. After surgery, patients were followed up every 3 - 6 months to detect local recurrence and metastasis. Results Of the 28 patients, 25 were male and 3 were female. Six patients each underwent 3 sessions of frozen-section examination, and 12 patients each received 2 sessions, with an average of 1.86 sessions for each patient. During the follow-up for 5 - 72 months, local recurrence occurred in 3 cases, and 1 patient died of tumor metastasis and uremia after 2 years of follow-up. Conclusion Peripheral Mohs micrographic surgery is a time-saving and effective treatment for EMPD.