Objective To provide theoretical and experimental proof for selecting and implying Tourette's syndrome(TS) animal models, validities of four TS models induced by chemical factors were compared. Methods Four TS models,namely AMP model,APO model,DO1 model and IDPN model were built up by using different chemical modeling agents. Through detecting spontaneous movement, climbing time and monoamine transmitters levels in striatum, four TS animal models were compared and evaluated from three levels of validities-face, prediction,construct. Results Compared with control group, spontaneous movement times raised ( t = 4. 746, P =0. 000) and level of DOPAC ( (0.99 ± 0. 177 ) ng/mg) in striatum increased (P = 0.029 ), and level of NE in striatum decreased in AMP model group( (0.11 ± 0.033 )ng/mg, P = 0.012). Compared with control group, climbing time prolonged (P = 0. 004) and levels of DA ( ( 10. 19 ± 1.23 ) ng/mg), 5-HT ( ( 0. 54 ± 0.08 ) ng/mg) in striatum raised(P=0. 019, P=0. 002),at the same time ,levels of DOPAC( (0.63 ±0.11 )ng/mg),HVA ((0.45 ±0.04 ) ng/mg) in striatum reduced (P ＜ 0.01 ) in APO model group; Compared with control group, levels of DA ( ( 13.66 ± 1.55 ) ng/mg), DOPAC( (0.80 ±0. 11 ) ng/mg), HVA( ( 1.04 ± 0.14) ng/mg) grew downwards in striatum of DOI model mice(P=0.029,P=0.001, P= 0.004). Compared with control group, level of 5-HT in striatum increased in IDPN300 group ( (0.77 ± 0.09) ng/mg, P = 0.031 ). ConclusionFace validity of AMP model is temporal and that of IDPN model is steady and persistent. AMP model,APO model and DOI model possess predictive validity. AMP model,APO model,DOI model and IDPN model have potentiality of becoming construct validity model.

Objective To compare the experience of perioperative management and anesthesia in VHL syndrome and non-VHL patients undergoing pheochromocytoma resection .Methods 50 patients scheduled for surgical removal of pheochromocytoma in PUMC Hospital from 2009-01-01 to 2014-12-31 were included in this retrospective analysis . Among them,12 patients were diagnosed with VHL syndrome ,others were non-VLH patients.We focused on the clini-cal records , especially clinical manifestation , preoperative preparation , intraoperative anesthetic management , opera-tion duration and postoperative hospital stay .Results Comparing with non-VHL patients , VHL syndrome patients undergoing pheochromocytoma resection surgery were much younger , with multiple pheochromocytoma and a signifi-cantly increased norepinephrine release .The drug preparation period was much longer , as well as the operative time and hospital stay (P<0.05).But no statistical difference existed in the intraoperative hemodynamic fluctuation and the outcomes of the patients .Conclusions VHL syndrome patients mainly present with multiple pheochromocytoma which has more aggressive function .Since the long operation duration and high risk , the optimization of perioperative management and adequate drug preparation are the key factors to ensure the operation safety .

Objective To evaluate the effect of losartan on mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury in diabetic mice.Methods Forty-eight female SPF C57/BL6 nice,aged 10-12 months,weighing 20-25 g,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =16 each):control group (group C).,diabetes + mechanical ventilation (group DM) and losartan group (group L).Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin 150 mg/kg and confirmed by blood glucose level ＞ 16 mmol/L in groups DM and L.Diabetic mice were mechanically ventilated (FiO250％,VT 15 ml/kg,RR 70 bpm,PEEP 2 cm H2O) for4 h.Losartan 30 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before ventilation in group L.Eight mice from each group were chosen at 4 of ventilation and arterial blood samples were obtained for detection of PaO2.The animals were then sacrificed and the lungs were removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio,myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity,pulmonary microvascular permeability,angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) receptor AT1 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR),Ang Ⅱ content and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 expression (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,PaO2 was significantly decreased,while W/D lung weight ratio,MPO activity,pulmonary microvascular permeability and Ang Ⅱ content were significantly increased,and the expression of AT1 mRNA and NF-κB p65 was up-regulated in groups DM and L (P ＜ 0.05).PaO2 was significantly higher,and W/D lung weight ratio,MPO activity,pulmonary microvascular permeability,Ang Ⅱ content and the expression of AT1 mRNA and NF-κB p65 were significantly lower in group L than in group DM (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Losartan can reduce mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury in diabetic mice through inhibiting AT1 receptor and Ang Ⅱ levels and improving pulmonary microvascular permeability and inhibiting NF-κB activation.

0.05). Compared with model group, levels of DA and DOPAC in striatum reduced in Xieqing group (P

Objective To evaluate the use of endoscopic papillary balloon dilation in treatment of choledocholithiasis associated with peripapillary duodenal diverticulum.Methods From January 2017 to July 2018,a retrospective study was conducted on 124 patients with choledocholithiasis associated with peripapillary duodenal diverticula at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University.These patients were divided into the small endoscopic sphincterotomy combined with balloon dilation group (sEST+EPBD,n =60) and the simple papillary balloon dilation group (EPBD n =64).The operation time,one-time success rate of stone removal,complication and hospitalization stay were compared between the two groups of patients.Results The hospitalization expenses of the EPBD group was significantly less than the sEST+EPBD group (P＜0.05).The operation time of the EPBD group was significantly shorten than the sEST+EPBD group (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the one-time success rate of stone removal,complication rates and hospitalization stay between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Compared with sEST+EPBD,treatment of choledocholithiasis in patients with peripapillary duodenal diverticula using simple balloon dilation shortened the operation time,did not increase the complication rates and hospitalization stay.The procedure was safe and effective,and resulted in almost the same one-time success rate of stone removal.

Objective To analyze the incidence and risk factors of postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs)in elderly patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS).Methods Elderly patients aged≥65 years who underwent VATS in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2013 to December 2017,were reviewed retrospectively and divided into non-PPCs group and PPCs group.General information,past medi-cal history,and postoperative complications were recorded in a uniform case report form.The clinical factors with statistical significance in univariate analysis and important clinical significance according to experience were ana-lyzed with Logistic regression to evaluate the independent risk factors for PPCs.Results A total of 900 patients were included,and 48(5.3%)of them suffered PPCs.Multivariate logistic regression showed that pre-operative smoking history,history of stroke,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and pulmonary lobectomy were independent risk factors for PPCs in elderly patients after VATS.Conclusions Elderly patient is a high-risk group for PPCs after VATS.The risk factors include smoking history,stroke,COPD and scope of surgery.Therefore,perioperative management needs to optimize,and monitoring should be strengthened for these high-risk patients.

【Objective】 To perform quantitative analysis on the sample provincial laws and regulations for voluntary blood donation, and provide reference for further revision of laws and regulations. 【Methods】 31 study samples were current provincial laws and regulations for voluntary blood donation that can be collected from open sources. The issue date and the revision date of each sample were recorded. With "The Blood Donation Law of the People’s Republic of China" as reference, 5 categories were formed and additional clauses in samples were coded and rated following content analysis procedures. Sample provinces were divided into two groups based on donation rate and their differences in evaluation scores of categories were examined using rank sum test. 【Results】 Until December, 2021, 31 sample provinces had issued and implemented provincial laws and regulation for voluntary blood donation, and 14 of which had been revised. Many detailed clauses (total score 9.32±3.09) were added in sample provincial laws and regulations, more clauses were added in the categories of 'related government agencies and their responsibilities’, 'management of clinical blood use’ and 'rewards and punishment’. Sample provinces were divided into two groups according to the donation rate per 1 000 people recommended by World Health Organization(10‰). Compared to lower donation rate group, the total score and sub score in the categories of 'basic principles’, 'management of blood collection and supply’ were significantly higher in higher donation rate group. 【Conclusion】 In revision and improvement of provincial laws and regulations, 'basic principles’ and 'management of blood collection and supply’ could be considered. This assay mainly tries to provide a new research perspective and perform quantitative analysis on content of sample provincial laws and regulation for voluntary blood donation, the actual effect of the results in this study need longer time to be examined, and we will keep following its new advances.

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic mechanism of Bushen Huoxue prescription from the perspective of bone metabolism by observing the clinical efficacy of this prescription in treating femoral head necrosis （ONFH， syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency） and its influences on bone metabolism indexes： N-terminal propeptide （PINP） and β-collagen degradation product （β-CTX）. MethodSixty-six ONFH patients with the syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency in Zhengzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Orthopedics from December 2021 to September 2022 were selected. The patients were randomized into an experimental group and a control group by the parallel control method， with 33 patients in each group. The experimental group received Bushen Huoxue prescription orally， while the control group received Xianlinggubao Capsules orally， with a treatment cycle of 6 months. The visual analogue scale （VAS） score， Harris score， Association Research Circulation Osseous （ARCO） staging， imaging changes， quantitative scores of TCM symptoms， and serum levels of PINP and β-CTX were determined before and after treatment. The occurrence of adverse events and reactions was recorded. ResultThe total response rate in the experimental group was 83.87% （26/31）， which was higher than that （68.75%， 22/32） in the control group （Z=-2.096， P<0.05）. After treatment， the single and total scores of TCM symptoms， VAS score， and β-CTX level decreased in the two groups （P<0.05）. Moreover， the decreases in the scores of hip pain， lower limb mobility， soreness of waist and knees， and lower limb flaccidity， total score of TCM symptoms， VAS score， and β-CTX level in the experimental were larger than those in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the imaging results showed no significant improvement in the two groups. The Harris score and PINP level in both groups increased after treatment （P<0.05）， and the increases were more obvious in the experimental group than in the control group （P<0.05）. No serious adverse event or adverse reaction appeared during the observation period. ConclusionBushen Huoxue prescription can relieve pain and TCM symptoms and improve the hip joint function in treating ONFH patients with the syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency. It can inhibit the development of ONFH， increase PINP， and decrease β-CTX. No obvious side effect appears during the clinical observation period， which shows that Bushen Huoxue prescription has good safety.

ObjectiveTo study the effect and mechanism of Curculiginis Rhizoma in ameliorating kidney-Yang deficiency in castrated rats. MethodThe targets of Curculiginis Rhizoma and male reproductive diseases due to kidney-Yang deficiency were screened from relevant databases by network pharmacology， and key targets were screened out according to topological eigenvalues. After that， gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses were performed to obtain the pathways of Curculiginis Rhizoma in treating kidney-Yang deficiency. The rat model of kidney-Yang deficiency was established by castration. The rats were assigned into model， testosterone propinate （2 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， high-dose （0.14， 0.28， 0.56 g·kg^-1， respectively） Curculiginis Rhizoma groups. Another 8 healthy male rats with first incising and then suturing were used as the sham group. The rats were administrated with corresponding agents by gavage once a day for 6 consecutive weeks. During the experiment， the general conditions of rats in each group were observed， and their body mass was recorded. At the end of the experiment， the indexes of accessory sex organs were calculated， and the pathological changes of the seminal vesicle glands and prostate glands were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The serum levels of luteinizing hormone （LH）， follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， testosterone （T）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of the network pharmacological prediction were verified by animal experiments， and the expression levels of related genes and proteins were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot， respectively. ResultThe biological functions enriched mainly involved four overexpression modules including regulation of cell responses to various stimuli， metabolic responses， regulation of intracellular signal transduction， and regulation of reproduction. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway was a significantly enriched pathway for the core target and also a pathway with the highest enrichment factor in the biological process of regulating cell responses to stimuli. The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the model group， low-dose Curculiginis Rhizoma group increased the body weight gain （P<0.05）. In addition， high-dose Curculiginis Rhizoma group increased the seminal vesicle gland index and epididymis index （P<0.05）. The administration with Curculiginis Rhizoma ameliorate epithelial cell hyperplasia of the seminal vesicle glands， did not attenuate the vacuolar degeneration， mitigated the enlarged vesicular lumen of the prostate gland， changing of epithelial cells of the glands from flattened to cubic and columnar shapes， and cellular disarrangement， and reduced the mesenchymal stroma thickness. Compared with the model group， all the intervention measures elevated the levels of FSH， LH， T， and IL-6 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and the mRNA levels of Akt in the epididymis tissue （P<0.05）. ConclusionCurculiginis Rhizoma can alleviate the T level reduction and accessory sex organ atrophy in castrated rats by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVETo explore the factors affecting the operative difficulty of triple-port laparoscopic surgery (TLS) in anterior resection.

METHODSA retrospective case-control study was carried out. Clinical and MRI imaging data of 106 colorectal cancer cases undergoing TLS anterior resection at Department of Colorectal Surgery of Ruijin Hospital between 2013 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.

INCLUSION CRITERIA(1) patients receiving TLS anterior resection (Dixon operation); (2) preoperative stageI( to III( malignant tumor;(3) distance of 5-15 cm from inferior margin of tumor to anal verge; and (4) available preoperative rectal MRI.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA(1) patients receiving preoperative adjuvant therapy; (2) patients with low rectal cancer or with local advanced disease; (3) T4b tumor. Rectal MRI was introduced to measure the structure of pelvis. In sagittal view, superior margin of the first sacral vertebrae, superior margin of the third sacral vertebrae, apex of coccyx, and the line of superior margin of pubic symphysis were used to form a pentagon. The 5 lines were marked as N, O, P, Q, R, and the 5 included angles were marked as angle 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Organs (uterus and prostate) and tumor (transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, section area, lesion length, distance to circumference cutting edge) were also measured on MRI. The operative time was applied to be the indicator of operative difficulty and patients were divided into 2 groups according to median operative time. Baseline information (age, gender, BMI, distance from inferior margin of tumor to anal verge, operative history, length of tumor), preoperative tumor staging, and MRI measurements (pelvis, tumor, uterus, prostate), etc were compared between two groups. Factors affecting operative difficulty of TLS were analyzed with logistic regression model.

RESULTSOf 106 enrolled patients, 73 were male and 33 female with mean age of (59.8±12.2) years and mean BMI of (22.8±3.3) kg/m; 25 patients had previous abdominal surgery; distance from inferior margin of tumor to anal verge was (7.4±2.0) cm and the tumor diameter was (3.7±1.4) cm; 24, 36 and 46 patients were in stage I(, II( and III( respectively. All operations were completed successfully. The median number of harvested lymph node was 13(11-16); the median length of distal resection margin was 2.5(2.0-3.1) cm; the median operative time was 2.0(1.5-2.6) hours; the median intraoperative blood loss was 50(0-100) ml; the median time to liquid diet was 4(3-5) days; the median hospital stay was 7(6-10) days. Ten cases (9.4%) developed complications within 30 days after surgery. Patients were divided into ≤2 h group and > 2 h group according to median operative time, and both groups had 53 patients. As compared to ≤2 h group, >2 h group had shorter distance from inferior margin of tumor to anal verge [(6.8 ± 1.5) cm vs. (8.0 ± 2.4) cm, t = 3.174, P = 0.004], lower ratio of (R+N)/(O+P)(1.61±0.27 vs. 1.73±0.19, t = 2.494, P = 0.014), larger transverse distance of tumor [(3.45±0.72) cm vs. (3.05±0.89) cm, t = 0.224, P = 0.027]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the distance from inferior margin of tumor to anal verge was the independent factor affecting operative difficulty(OR=0.584, 95%CI:0.429-0.796, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSSurgeons may have less difficulty in performing TLS anterior resection for patients with longer distance from inferior margin of tumor to anal verge. In preoperative assessment of operative difficulty of TLS, comprehensive evaluation should be performed. Distance from inferior margin of tumor to anal verge should be regarded as the main factor, and MRI (R+N)/(O+P) and transverse diameter of tumor should be used as important reference, leading to reasonable choice of cases for TLS and smooth pass of study curve.

Aged ; Anal Canal ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome