Objective To establish the quality standard of Fengsui Pills. Methods The qualitative analysis of Fructus Amomi and Radix Glycyrrhizae in Fengsui Pills was carried out by TLC,and the content of berberine hydrochloride,an effective component of Cortex Phellodendri in Fengsui Pills was determined by HPLC. Results The chromatographic sports of Fructus Amomi and Radix Glycyrrhizae were identified without the interference of negative control. A linearity of berberine hydrochloride was obtained from 0.272?g to 1.360 ?g with a good correlation (r=0.999 9,n=5).The average recovery was 99.01 %and the RSD was 0.98%. Conclusion The qualitative and quantitative methods established in this study are simple and feasible,accurate and reproducible,and can be used as the quality control standard for Fengsui Pills.

According to the practice of discipline construction in Guangdong Gollege of Pharmacy, three principles must be followed:the character of college and the relationship between college and local economical development should be clear, educational resourcesmust be made full use of and rationally disposeds and new disciplines can be established if they are suitable for social desire. Contentand goal of mechanism about discipline regulation have also been designed.

BACKGROUND: Endothelin(ET) -1 is a peptide with potent actions on blood vessels and nerve system. Its expression increases in the central nervous system(CNS) in a variety of pathological conditions, inducing harmful effects on the nervous tissue. However it is not clearly elucidated whether the over-expressed ET-1 can directly induce neuronal apoptosis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ET-1 can directly induce apoptosis in primarily cultured brain neurons of rat, and which ET receptor subtype(s) is involved in this action.DESIGN: Completely randomized and controlled experimental study based on cells.SETTING: Neurological department in a university hospital, pathological department of a university and laboratory center of tissue transplantation and immunology, life science and technology college.MATERIALS: This study was completed in the Pathology Department, the Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, the Life Science and Technology College of Jinan University. The subjects were primarily-cultured neurons obtained from cerebral cortex of newborn rats that were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of the Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University.INTERVENTIONS: After culturing for five days, the neurons were treated with ET-1 (0. 2 nmol/L and 20 nmol/L) for 24 hours. Apoptotic neurons were semi-quantitatively measured with Annexin V and Hoechst 33258 staining respectively. ET-1(20 nmol/L), with BQ123(a selective antagonist for ET receptor A, 1 mmol/L) or with BQ788(a selective antagonist for ET receptor B, 1 mmol/L), was added respectively into the cultures simultaneously. And the apoptotic neurons were quantitatively measured with flow cytometry 24 hours later. Equal amount of PBS, instead of ET-1, waw added into the control subjects.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of ET-1 on apoptosis rate of cultured rat cortical neurons, and the ET receptor subtypes involved in this action.RESULTS: Twenty-four hours after treated with 0.2 nmol/L ET-1, the Annexin-V, and Hoechest 33258 positive stained cell rates[ (23.00 ± 9.96)%,(9.82 ±0.95)% ] were of no difference as compared with those of the controls[ (13.50 ± 3.35)%, (8.21 ± 2. 17)% ]. By contrast, after incubation with the higher dose of ET-1 (20 nmol/L), significant higher rate of apoptosis was measured in Annexin V staining[(50.50 ± 10.78)%, P=0.01, n=4] and Hoechest 33258 staining[(13.78±1.52)%, P= 0. 000, n = 8] . Analyzed with flow cytometry, the apoptosis rate was (0.20±0. 15)% in the control group, (26. 11 ±3.28)% in 20 nmol/LET-1 group, and(13.58 ±4. 92)% in BQ123 +ET-1 and(9.99 ±3.30)% in BQ788 +ET-1 respectively, indicating that BQ123 and BQ788 partially-blocked the apoptosis effect of ET-1 on. cultured neurons(BQ123 + ET-1 vs ET-1, P = 0. 005; BQ788 + ET-1 vs ET-1, P = 0. 001, n = 4, respectively).CONCLUSION: The higher dose of ET-1 (20 nmol/L) can directly induce apoptosis of primarily-cultured cerebral neurons of rats. The effect of ET-1 inducing neuronal apoptosis may be mediated via both ET receptors A and B.

Healthy Beagle dogs were administrated with batroxobin by intravenous infusion at high, medium and low doses. The study of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics was intended to clarify the relevance of them and provided strong evidence for clinical use of batroxobin. The blood samples were collected after injection based on the time schedule and samples were tested by ELISA method to get the concentration of batroxobin. At the same time, changes of prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fib) and D-dimmer were tested. The results showed that the concentration of D-D increased significantly after administration compared with that of before administration. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: t1/2 were (2.27 +/- 0.42) h, (10.65 +/- 2.19) h and (11.01 +/- 3.51) h; C(max) were (11.9 +/- 1.72) ng x mL(-1), (154.53 +/- 12.38) ng x mL(-1) and (172.14 +/- 47.33) ng x mL(-1); AUC(last) were (29.38 +/- 3.69) ng xh x mL(-1), (148.43 +/- 72.85) ng x h x mL(-1) and (599.22 +/- 359.61) ng x h x mL(-1). The elimination of batroxobin was found to be in accord with linear kinetics characteristics. The results of pharmacodynamics showed that D-dimmer level increased significantly after the administration of batroxobin, which was similar with the changes of batroxobin plasma concentration. Simultaneously, Fib concentrations in Beagle dog blood decreased significantly after the iv administration of batroxobin, while recovered to base level after 48 hours. PT, TT and APTT significantly became longer after administration, which returned to normal level after 48 hours. Especially, the D-dimmer levels and the batroxobin concentration in plasma after intravenous infusion of the drug were synchronized in Beagle dogs. Changes between PD/PK results had obvious correlation, and the D-dimmer levels in plasma can be one of the important monitoring indicators of batroxobin in thrombolytic medication.

Objective To study the optimal procedure of digestive tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy.Methods The clinical data of 122 patients who underwent total gastrectomy in the recent 6 years were(analyzed) retrospectively.Three types of reconstruction procedures,including Orr-type Roux-en-Y(esophagojejunostomy),P-type jejunal pouch Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy and distal jejunal aboral pouch Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy,were performed.Results There were no significant differences among the three procedures in heartburn and the amount of food intake,frequencies of meal,weight loss,dumping(syndrome),and hemoglobin and albumin levels.The operation time in P-type group was longer than the other two group(P

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of transforming growth factor beta receptors (TGF?RⅠ, TGF?RⅡ) in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The expression of TGF?RⅠand TGF?RⅡwere assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and streptavidin -peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical techniques in specimens of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and normal control skin. Results Eighteen patients with basal cell carcinoma and twenty-four with squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled in the study. The expression levels of TGF?RⅠand RⅡmRNA were significantly down-regulated in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in comparison with those in control skin specimens (P

Objective To explore the imaging appearances and the value of multi-slice CT (MSCT)with post-processing tech-niques in diagnosis and treatment of lumbar hernia (LH).Methods The imaging and clinical data of 1 6 patients with LH which were confirmed by surgery were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 1 6 patients,1 7 lesions of LH were revealed by MSCT.There were superior lumbar hernias in 13 (76.5%),inferior lumbar hernias in 3 (1 7.6%)and diffuse lumbar hernia in 1 (5.9%).Hernia ring in diameter ranged from 1.5 to 9.3 cm,and the hernia sac size ranged from 1.8 cm×2.4 cm to 1 1.3 cm× 6.2 cm.MSCT showed oval or flask shaped mass of extraperitioneal fat with or without peritoneum and visceral contents protruded through the de-fecting fascia floor into lumbar triangle.Superior lumbar hernia was bounded by the 12th rib superiorly,the erector spine muscle medially and the internal oblique muscle laterally.Inferior lumbar hernia was bounded by latissimus dorsi muscle medially,the ex-ternal oblique muscle laterally and the iliac crest inferiorly.Hernia contents included colon in 3 patients and small bowel in 2 with in-carcerated hernia with small bowel obstruction in 1,and adipose tissue and mesentery in other 12.All patients received surgery treatment,and the appropriate surgical methods were selected according to the MSCT findings.The surgical findings were consistent with MSCT results.No recurrence was found during follow-up.Conclusion LH has characteristic CT manifestations.MSCT volu-metric scanning with post-processing techniques can clearly display the type of LH,the size of abdominal wall defect,hernia contents and their complications.It is helpful for diagnosis of the LH and differentiation from other diseases,which may provide important information for clinical surgery.

To investigate the effects of Losartan,an angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)receptor(AT_1) antagonist,on pancreatic stellate cells(PSCs)and its possible mechanisms.Methods (1)PSCs were isolated from pancreatic cancerous samples to test the expressions of AT_1 and collagenⅠafter incubated with AngⅡor/and Losartan.(2)Ninety S-D rats were divided into normal group,control group and treatment group,with 30 rats in each.The rats in control and treatment groups were induced pancreatic fibrosis by injection of 2% trinitrobenenze sulfonic acid(TNBS)into biliopancreatic duct.Rats in treat- ment group were then treated with Losartan by garage daily and rats in control group were only given distilled water.The rats were sacrificed on day 3,7,14,21 and 28,respectively,and pancreas were removed.The histological abnormalities were observed by electron microscope.The mRNAs of trans- forming growth factor?_1(TGF?_1)and procollagenⅠwere detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression of TGF?_1 and?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)proteins was assessed by immunohistochemistry and the level of?-SMA protein was quantified by Western blot. Results In vitro,there existed AT_1 expression in PSCs,and Losartan reduced expression of collagenⅠ.Losartan treatment reversed the histological abnormalities observed by electron microscope,com- pared to treatment with distill water.The expression of?-SMA,TGF?_1 and procollagenⅠwere signifi- cantly higher in the control group than those in normal group and were reduced by Losartan to different extent in treatment group.Conclusion AT_1 antagonist can inhibit the activation and the profibrogenic action of PSCs by blocking AT_1 receptor-mediated pathways.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on biomodification of demineralized dentine substrate, in its permeability, hydrophobicity, and inhibition ability to collagen enzymatic degradation.

METHODSThe dentine substrates were treated with simulated pulpal pressure created by mixtures of 0.02%, 0.1% EGCG/bovine serum albumin (BSA) in acidic environment (pH4.4) for 48 h. A fluid-transport model was used to measure the fluid permeability through demineralized dentine substrate. Positive replicas of dentine substrate were fabricated before and after being subjected to acidic environment for scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination. The blank group contained no EGCG and the positive group were treated with Gluma desensitizer. Static contact angle measurements on demineralized dentin and 0.1% EGCG primed dentin were performed by contact angle analyzer. The priming time were 60 s, 120 s, 0.5 h, 1 h. Dentine specimens bonded with Adper single bond 2 were subjected to 100 mg/L collagenase and observed under SEM. Resin-bonded specimens (with 0.02%, 0.1%, 0.5% EGCG priming, or without EGCG priming) were created for micro-tensile bond strength evaluation (MTBS). Resin-bonded specimens after thermol cycling were created for MTBS evaluation.

RESULTSThe fluid permeability in the blank control group increased ([151.3±22.3]%), the fluid permeability in 0.1% EGCG/BSA group decreased ([23.7±6.3]%). Compared to the blank control group, the contact angle of 120 s, 0.5 h, 1 h groups increased by 31.0%, 53.5%, 57.8% in deep dentin and 37.4%, 59.3%, 62.4% in shallow dentin. The SEM examination showed that 0.1% and 0.5% EGCG priming for 120 s significantly increased dentin collagen's resistance to collagenase. The immediate MTBS of 0.1% and 0.5% EGCG groups were (29.4±4.8) and (19.8± 4.9) MPa. After thermol cycling, the MTBS of 0.1% and 0.5% EGCG groups were (19.9±5.1) and (15.3± 6.3) MPa.

CONCLUSIONSUnder acidic environment (pH4.4), the 0.1% EGCG can reduce dentine permeability under acidic environment. The 0.1% EGCG can increase hydrophobicity of dentin substrate, and strengthen dentin substrate's resistance to collagenase hydrolysis, thus increased the resin-dentin bonding durability.

Acid Etching, Dental ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Collagen ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Collagenases ; pharmacology ; Composite Resins ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Cements ; Dental Pulp ; Dentin ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Dentin Permeability ; drug effects ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Glutaral ; pharmacology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Methacrylates ; pharmacology ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Pressure ; Resin Cements ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; pharmacology ; Tensile Strength ; Time Factors

Objective:To construct a deep learning-based diagnostic system for gastrointestinal submucosal tumor (SMT) under endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), so as to help endoscopists diagnose SMT.Methods:From January 1, 2019 to December 15, 2021, at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 245 patients with SMT confirmed by pathological diagnosis who underwent EUS and endoscopic submucosal dissection were enrolled. A total of 3 400 EUS images were collected. Among the images, 2 722 EUS images were used for training of lesion segmentation model, while 2 209 EUS images were used for training of stromal tumor and leiomyoma classification model; 283 and 191 images were selected as independent test sets to evaluate lesion segmentation model and classification model, respectively. Thirty images were selected as an independent data set for human-machine competition to compare the lesion classification accuracy between lesion classification models and 6 endoscopists. The performance of the segmentation model was evaluated by indexes such as Intersection-over-Union and Dice coefficient. The performance of the classification model was evaluated by accuracy. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results:The average Intersection-over-Union and Dice coefficient of lesion segmentation model were 0.754 and 0.835, respectively, and the accuracy, recall and F1 score were 95.2%, 98.9% and 97.0%, respectively. Based on the lesion segmentation, the accuracy of classification model increased from 70.2% to 92.1%. The results of human-machine competition showed that the accuracy of classification model in differential diagnosis of stromal tumor and leiomyoma was 86.7% (26/30), which was superior to that of 4 out of the 6 endoscopists(56.7%, 17/30; 56.7%, 17/30; 53.3%, 16/30; 60.0%, 18/30; respectively), and the differences were statistically significant( χ2=7.11, 7.36, 8.10, 6.13; all P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the accuracy of the other 2 endoscopists(76.7%, 23/30; 73.3%, 22/30; respectively) and model(both P<0.05). Conclusion:This system could be used for the auxiliary diagnosis of SMT under ultrasonic endoscope in the future, and to provide a powerful evidence for the selection of subsequent treatment decisions.