Objective To study the clinical values of CEA,CA199 in predicting recurrence of colonic cancer.Methods Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to measure serum CEA and CA199 in 60 colonic cancer recurrence patients and 60 non-gastrointestinal patients.Results The serum CEA and CA199 levels in colonic cancer group were significantly higher than those in control group (P

Objective To exprole the effect of surgical management of obstructive colorectal carcinoma. Methods A restrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 76 cases of acute obstructive colorectal carcinoma treated by emergent operation in Xiangya Hospital from October 1997 to October 2002.Among the 76 cases,there were 23 cases of right colon obstruction and 53 cases of left colon or rectal obstruction. Results All the 76 patients received opreation , 55 patients received one stage tumor resection and large intestinal anastomosis, including 19 in right colon and 36 in left colon or rectal obstruetion.Postoperative complications rate was 15.7%(11/76) in this series,including anastomotic leakage in 2, disruption of wound in 1, infection of incisional wound in 6, and pneumonia in 2.Expect one patient died of MSOF,the others were curred by non-operation therapy.The postoperative 1,3,5year survival rate was 98.3%,55%,38.5% in this series.Conclusions One stage resection and anastomosis is a feasible operation for obstructive colorectal carcinoma.Appropriate choice of the operative procedure, skillful operative technique,and prudential perioperative treatment can enhance the cuerative effect and the patients quality of life.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of transforming growth factor-? 1(TGF-? 1) and the differentiation and metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Methods The expression of transforming growth factor-? 1 in 42 samples of colorectal adenocarcinoma was observed with immunohistochemical technique. Results ⑴The levels of TGF-? 1 expression were significantly higher in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma than that in high differentiated cancer (P

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of gastric volvulus. Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with gastric volvulus were analyzed retrospectively. Results 17 patients(56.7%) were diagnosed preoperatively,and 13 patients(43.3%) at exploratory laparotomy. 21 cases(70.0%) was diagnosed as organo-axial type, 8 cases(26.7%) as mesenterico-axial type, and 1 case((3.3%)) as combined type.3 patients underwent gastric volvulus restoration by endoscopy;27 patients (received) operation,and all the 30 patients were discharged in good health.All of the cases were followed up for 5 years;one case,treated by endoscopy,recurred,but none of the other cases recurred. Conclusions Laxity of gastric suspensory ligaments is the main pathogenetic factor of gastric volvulus,but its occurrence is usually caused by multiple factors.The diagnosis depends on the combined analysis of the clinical (manifestations) and radiographic studies or exploratory laparotomy. Operation is the first choice of treatment.

Objective To examine mutations in the WT1 and PLCE1 gene in three Chinese families with autosomal recessive steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) once mutations in NPHS2 had been excluded. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected for genetic analysis from three probands of three Chinese families and their parents, and two probands' siblings, and 50 adult volunteers with normal urinalysis. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes. Ten exons and exon-intron boundaries of WT1, and 31 exons and exon-intron boundaries of PLCE1 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mutational analysis was performed by DNA sequencing directly and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and/or PCR. Results No mutation in both WT1 and PLCE1 was identified in three probands from three Chinese families with autosomal recessive SRNS. However, three variants of WT1, 126C>T, ⅣS5-64A>G and 903A>G, and 13 variants of PLCE1, -134A>G, 810T>C, 960G>A, ⅣS11-28C>G, ⅣS15+26A>C, 4724G>C, ⅣS20+40C>T, ⅣS21+64G>A, ⅣS22-26T> A, 5320C>T, 5780A>G, ⅣS27+24A>G and ⅣS31 +48_49insT, were detected in three probands and some controls, indicating that all these variants were gene polymorphisms. WT1 polymorphism ⅣS5-64A>G, and PLCE1 polymorphism ⅣS22-26T>A were novel. Conclusion All the encoding exons and exon-intron boundaries of both WT1 and PLCE1 in three probands are examined, and no causative mutations in WT1 and PLCE1 axe found, suggesting that mutation in WT1 and PLCE1 genes is not a major cause of the Chinese families with autosomal recessive SRNS.

Objective To establish a rapid and accurate method for the identification of Mycobacterium species by the gene microarray and to verify its clinical application value .Methods According to the gene sequence of 23 species of Mycobacteria ,the specific probes were designed and the gene chips were prepared .23 Mycobacterial standard strains ,9 non‐mycobacterial strains ,103 clinically isolated mycobacterial strains were detected by PCR‐based reverse blot hybridization assay in the gene chip .Results 23 mycobacterial standard strains ,9 non‐mycobacterial strains were detected by gene chip ,the results showed that the specificity was 100% .Of 103 mycobacterial clinically isolated strains ,87 strains were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis compounds (MTC) and 16 strains as non‐tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM ) including 5 strains of M .abscessus ,3 strains of M .intracellulare ,3 strains of M .avium ,2 strains of M .fortuitum ,1 strain of M .kansas ,1 strain of M .marinum and 1 strain of M .gordonae .The identification results of 103 clinically isolated strains were completely consistent with the sequencing results .The lowest detection limit by this method was 103 copies/mL .Conclusion The gene microarray technique for rapidly identifying Mycobacteria and differentiate MTC and NTM has the advantages of simpleness ,rapidness ,high accuracy ,high specificity and high sensitivity .

Objective To establish a rapid staining method for facilitating initial identification of Legionella pneumophila in amoebal trophozoite. Methods Acanthamoeba polyphaga and Legionella pneumophila were co-cultured under laboratory condition. At consecutive time points during the culture, smears of the cultured products were made on glass slides for staining purposes. Different types of stainings including Gram′s staining, Gimenez staining, Giemsa staining and immunofluorescence were used to determine the best method for the identification of amoebal pathogens. Results Gimenez staining technique is simpler and yields better results as compared with the other three stainings. Gimenez stain gives the best color and contrast for amoeba and amoebal Legionella Amoeba trophozoites and/or cysts showed a distinct purplish blue with amoebal Legionella in red. Amoebal Legionella can be distinguished clearly at an earlier time of co-culture, providing a proper sensitivity. It takes only 10 minutes to finish the operation. The other techniques require the use of expensive reagents, are relatively time-consuming, and involve complex staining procedures. Conclusion Gimenez staining is of value for the initial identification of amoebal pathogens, and it is suitable for laboratory diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the indication,operation pattern and therapeutic effect of ano-saving surgery for lower rectal carcinoma. Methods Retrospective analysis on the clinical feature of 320 patients with lower rectal carcinoma (postoperative time ≥5 years)treated by ano-saving surgery, the 5-year survival rate, local recurrence rate, and mortality were compared in the various operations. Results The success performed rate of ano-saving operation for lower rectal cancer was 58.5%(320/547).Among them, anastomotic leakage after surgery occurred in 4 cases (1.25%), and 26 cases had anastomostic narrowness (8.13%) within 1 year after surgery.The defecation function after surgery, in patients received colonic J pouch or transverse coloplasty pouch was much better than that in patients received coloanal or colorectal anastomosis. 5-year survival rates, and anastomostic recurrence rates were as follows:In ultra-low anastomosis were 63.24% and 10.27%. Park′s operation 66.67% and 5.13%, local resection 89.46% and 10.71%, respectively. 5-year recurrence rate in the pelvic soft tissue was 3.44%(11/320).Two cases died after operation. Conclusions Lower or ultra-low colon-rectum anastomosis becomes the main operative pattern in preserving anal sphincter in lower rectal cancer.Local resection of lower rectal tumor might be considered if the indecation is selected strictly. Colonic-J-pouch or transverse coloplasty pouch is good for improving the defecation function after ano-saving surgery for lower rectal cancer.

AIM:To approach the therapeutic effects of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)in hormonal resistance nephrotic syndromes.METHODS:Patients were diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome and treated with prednisone at the dose of 1 mg?kg-1?d-1 for over 8 weeks,and 24 patients with unsatisfactory results or were palindromic were selected,and several patients in the 24 patients had been treated with cyclophosphamide or cyclosporine A.All patients were treated with MMF combined with low dose hormone.The initial dose of MMF was 1.0-1.5 g/d for 3 months,later the dose were reduced,and the maintenance dose of MMF was 0.5-1.0 g/d,the dose of prednisone was 5-20 mg/d,the follow-up visit period more than six months.The changes on urine protein,serum albumin,liver function,renal function were compared before and after treatment.RESULTS:Before and after treatment,urine protein decreased from(3.4?1.7)g/d to(0.9?0.2)g/d,serum albumin increased from(19.6?5.4)g/L to(36.1?7.7)g/L.serum creatinine level decreased from(105.7?6.4)?mol/L to(90.1?5.8)g/L.20 patients(83.3%)pathogenetic condition were relieved,15 patients(65.2%)were with complete remission.5 patients(20.8%)were partially recovered,and 4 patients(16.6%)had no response.The adverse effects were observed,including gastrointestinal events(n=8,33.3%),bacterial pneumonia(n=4,16.6%),herpes zoster(n=1,4.1%),hepatic function mild damage(n=3,12.5%).CONCLUSION:It is safe and effective to combine MMF with low dose hormone in treatment of hormonal resistance nephrotic syndrome,which could become a therapeutic option for refractory nephrotic syndrome(RNS).

Objective To investigate the principles of treatment for severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods A retrospective analysis of the data of 217 cases of SAP with regards to clinical features,mortality rate and conversion to surgical operation.In this group,66 cases received early operation and 24 cases were converted to operation after initial conservative treatment.Results The overall cure rate was 80.2%(174/217). Among them,90 cases underwent operative treatment,with a cure rate of 72.2%(65/90),and 127 cases underwent conservative treatment with a cure rate of 85.8%(109/127).Conclusions The initial treatment of SAP should be conservative. Operation should be performed if there is a specific indication for early surgical intervention,or for conversion to operation.