Objective To explore the clinical features of the patients with prolactinoma and changes of pituitary function before and after surgery.Methods The clinical data of 72 patients with prolactinoma admit-ted and operatively treated in the neurosurgery department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from June 2018 to January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively and their clinical characteristics and change character-istics of pituitary function before and after surgery were summarized.Results (1) Most of the patients with prolactinoma included in this study were macroadenomas,and its clinical manifestations were mainly tumor compression symptoms such as headache and vision diminution;(2) there was a statistically significant differ-ence in tumor invasiveness between the patients with preoperative PRL≥200.000 ng/mL and those with pre-operative PRL<200.000 ng/mL (P<0.05).(3) The PRL level of prolactinoma after surgical treatment in the patients with prolactinoma was significantly decreased compared to preoperative level,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).(4) Among 72 patients,44 patients already had hypopituitarism before surgery,the pituitary function in 2 cases returned to normal,15 cases of hypopituitarism were newly increased and there were 57 cases of postoperative hypopituitarism.Preoperative hypopituitarism was positively correla-ted with postoperative hypopituitarism (r=0.433,P<0.05).By the logistic multifactorial regression analy-sis,the tumor maximal diameter was a risk factor for hypopituitarism occurrence before and after surgery (P<0.05),and the tumor invasiveness was a risk factor for postoperative hypopituitarism (P<0.05),where-as the BMI and PRL level,age,gender,and whether or not pituitary apoplexy occurring had no relationship with hypopituitarism (P>0.05).(5) The gonadal axis was the most common hypofunction in uniaxial sys-tem,and gonadal+thyroid axis was the most common biaxial involvement.Conclusion The surgical treat-ment in the patients with prolactinoma is effective for relieving tumor mass occupation and improving hyperp-rolactinemia.The pituitary function should be fully evaluated before and after surgery.For the patients with hypopituitarism occurrence,the hormone replacement therapy should be given in time,and at the same time the hormonal changes should be closely monitored.

Objective:To investigate the differences between the mental clips placed intraoperatively and the tumor bed's target volume delineation of seroma based on CT scanning during radiotherapy for breast cancer patients who received breast-conserving surgery in the persuit of a better solution to determine the tumor bed position.Methods:The clinical data of 13 patients with early breast cancer who received postoperative radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery at Beijing Shijingshan Hospital and Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University from December 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. They all had surgical clips implanted during the surgery. The following methods were used to delineate the target volume of tumor bed, including gross target volume delineation of tumor bed based on the mental clips (GTVtb-Clip), the tumor bed's gross target volume delineation of seroma based on CT scanning (GTVtb-Seroma), and the combination of both (GTVtb-C+S). The volume, diameter on three coordinate axis, neutral point displacement and conformability of these delineation methods were compared.Results:The volume of GTVtb-Clip, GTVtb-Seroma and GTVtb-C+S was (25±10) cm 3, (38±17) cm 3, (49±20) cm 3, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The diameter on X axis was (4.7±1.2) cm, (5.3±1.4) cm, (5.7±1.6) cm, respectively in GTVtb-Clip, GTVtb-Seroma and GTVtb-C+S; the diameter on Y axis was (4.6±1.7) cm, (5.0±1.6) cm, (5.7±1.7) cm, respectively in GTVtb-Clip, GTVtb-Seroma and GTVtb-C+S; the diameter on Z axis was (4.4±1.5) cm, (5.2±1.4) cm, (5.6±1.4) cm in GTVtb-Clip, GTVtb-Seroma and GTVtb-C+S. The differences in the diameter of GTVtb-Clip and GTVtb-C+S on X,Y, Z axis were statistically significant (all P<0.05); the differences in the diameter of GTVtb-Seroma and GTVtb-C+S on X, Z axis were statistically significant (all P<0.05); the difference in the diameter of GTVtb-Clip and GTVtb-Seroma on X axis was statistically significant ( P<0.05) .Neutral point displacement was (5.8±1.6) cm, (5.5±1.9) cm, (6.0±1.7) cm, respectively of GTVtb-Clip, GTVtb-Seroma, GTVtb-C+S, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conformability of GTVtb-Clip and GTVtb-Seroma, GTVtb-Clip and GTVtb-C+S, GTVtb-Seroma and GTVtb-C+S was 0.412±0.112, 0.525±0.095, 0.774±0.112,respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:During radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer, compared with the single method, the combination of GTVtb-Clip and GTVtb-Seroma can better cover the real tumor bed, thus reducing the omission of tumor bed and recurrence rate. CT position should better take place at 4 to 8 weeks for patients receiving radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery, and target volume of tumor bed will be delineated based on the postoperative changes of both mental clips and seroma.

Objective:To propose a markless patient setup workflow based on the optical surface monitoring system (AlignRT) and open-face mask immobilization for whole-course head tumor radiotherapy, assess the setup time and repositioning frequency of the proposed workflow, and conduct a comparative analysis of the differences, correlation, and consistency of the setup errors of the AlignRT and cone beam CT (CBCT) systems.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted for the data on the errors of 132 fractionated setup based on open-face mask immobilization of 33 head tumor patients. AlignRT-guided markless patient setup workflow was applied throughout the radiotherapy. Meanwhile, the body structures automatically generated by the treatment planning system were used as body references. The 6-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) setup errors (lateral, vertical, longitudinal, rotation, pitch, roll, and yaw directions), setup time, and repositioning frequency of the AlignRT and CBCT systems were recorded and analyzed. The Wilcoxon and Spearman analyses were used to statistically assess the differences and correlation of the setup errors of the two systems. Moreover, the Bland-Altman analysis was employed to evaluate the consistency of the two systems.Results:The 6DoF setup errors of CBCT were within the clinical tolerance (linear motions: -0.30 to 0.30 cm; rotational motions: -2.0° to 2.0°). The setup time and repositioning frequency of CBCT were (98 ± 31) s and 1.51% (2/132), respectively. There was no significant difference in setup errors between the two systems except those in x-axis ( Z = -3.11, P= 0.002), y-axis ( Z = -7.40, P<0.001), and Pitch ( Z= -4.48, P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the setup errors along lateral ( rs = 0.47, P<0.001) and vertical ( rs = 0.29, P = 0.001) directions, rotation (Rtn; rs = 0.47, P<0.001), pitch (Pitch; rs = 0.28, P = 0.001) and roll (Roll; rs = 0.45, P<0.001) of the two systems. The 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) of 6DoF setup errors were -0.12 to 0.09 cm, -0.07 to 0.17 cm, -0.19 to 0.20 cm, -1.0° to 0.9 °, -1.0° to 1.5°, and -0.9° to 1.0°, respectively. The 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 95% LoA was -0.14 to 0.11 cm, -0.09 to 0.19 cm, -0.23 to 0.23 cm, -1.2° to 1.1°, -1.2° to 1.7°, and-1.0° to 1.1°, respectively, all of which were within the permissible error ranges. The 6DoF setup error difference of 3.41% (27/792< 5%) was beyond the 95% LoA. The maximum absolute differences of 6DoF setup errors within the 95% LoA were 0.12, 0.16, 0.19 cm, 0.9°, 1.5°, and 1.0°, respectively. Conclusions:The proposed markless setup workflow based on AlignRT combined with open-face mask immobilization for whole-course head tumor radiotherapy exhibits reasonable agreement and consistency with the patient setup using CBCT, with acceptable clinical efficiency. It can be applied to the first radiotherapy and the real-time monitoring of therapy to improve the safety and thus is of value in clinical applications.