OBJECTIVE: To study the mTOR expression of cancer stem cells(CSCs) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and preliminarily explore the mechanism of inhibiting its proliferation with rapamycin. METHOD: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma spherical cells were gathered by using serum-free suspension culture method, CCK8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation, Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of CD44, OCT4, SOX2 and mTOR signaling. The spherical cells and CNE2 were treated with rapamycin in concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0 nmol/L, CCK8 assay was used to detect cell inhibition ratio, Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of mTOR signaling of nasopharyngeal carcinoma spherical cells. RESULT: Compared with CNE2, the spherical cells exhibited a high proliferation rate in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, and overexpressed in OCT4, SOX2 (P < 0.05), but not that of CD44 (P > 0.05). Although the expression levels of mTOR, P70S6, 4EBP1 were not significantly different between the two kinds of cells (P > 0.05) the proteins of phosphorylation activation form of them (P-mTOR, P-P70S6, P-4EBP1) were highly expressed in spherical cells (P < 0.05). The spherical cells and CNE2 were treated with rapamycin in different concentrations, the concentrations for 50% of maximal effect of spherical cells and CNE2 were 2.59 nmol/L and 78.12 nmol/L respectively, rapamycin inhibited the spherical cells more strongly compared with CNEZ. The expression levels of P-mTOR, P-70S6, P-4EBP1 in spherical cells were gradually decreased with increasing of the concentrations of rapamycin, but the difference of the expression levels of mTOR, P70S6, 4EBP1 were not significant. CONCLUSION The proteins of mTOR signaling pathway of CSCs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma are overexpressed, and rapamycin can effectively inhibit cell proliferation of CSCs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by blocking mTOR signaling pathway.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Phosphoproteins ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus ; pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objectives To identify ABO blood type from a child having discrepant results in forward and reverse ABO blood grouping by serological identification and genetic testing.Methods After routine serological detection with ABO blood group,the ABO gene and ABO blood group-A subgroup genotype were tested by PCR-SSP method.Results The Serological results showed that the specimen was positive type A (anti-A:1 +w),the reverse type is O type (Ac:2 +,Bc:4 +);PCRSSP A-subtype typing showed that the genotype of the child was Ax14/O2.Conclusion Difficult blood type identification sometimes need to combine serology and molecular biology methods to confirm.In this case,the phenotype of the child was Ax,and the genotype was Ax14/O2.

Objective To determine the radiation dose of sensitive organs under different protective methods in lung CT scanning environment, and to explore the best protective scheme of corresponding organs. Methods Annealed thermoluminescence dose elements were placed in the stomach, liver, colon, and thyroid gland of a simulated human body model. The dose effect experiment of protective methods included non-protective group, half lead apron group, and full lead apron group. The dose effect experiment of protective thickness included 0.50 mmpb full lead apron group and 0.35 mmpb full lead apron group. The same exposure conditions of lung CT scan were used in the above experiments. Results Compared with the non-protective group, the exposure dose of the stomach, liver, colon, and thyroid gland increased significantly in the half lead apron group (P < 0.05), and the exposure dose of the thyroid gland and colon decreased significantly in the full lead apron group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the exposure dose of the liver, stomach, and colon in the simulated human body model between the 0.35 mmpb full lead apron group and the 0.50 mmpb full lead apron group. Conclusion For lung CT scan, the protective measure of lead apron may not reduce the exposure dose of subjects. The protective thickness of lead apron does not necessarily have a substantial influence on the exposure dose of human body.

Objective : To study the correlation between eukaryotic translation initiation complex 4f ( EIF4F) and clinical prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ． Methods : By following up the clinical data of 743 HCC patients in the specimen bank，94 HCC tissue specimens with complete follow-up information were select- ed，and the clinical data were collected．The paired tissue specimens were made into tissue chip for immunohisto- chemical staining．Image J was used to analyze the optical density value of tissue chip staining，and R4. 0. 5 soft- ware was used to conduct nonparametric test analysis，draw KM curve，Cox regression analysis，and Nomogram sta- tistical analysis on experimental data and follow-up data. Results : Phosphorylation of 4EBP1 was significantly acti- vated in HCC tissues (P＜0. 001) ，and the activation Phosphorylation of 4EBP1 was associated with the clinical prognosis of HCC patients，P = 0. 038． Conclusion The activation of 4EBP1 phosphorylation in tumor tissue pre- dicts shorter overall survival time in HCC patients.

As a supplement to randomized controlled trials， observational studies can provide evidence for the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment measures. They can also study influencing factors of diseases， etiology， and prognosis. However， there is a confounding effect due to the lack of randomization， which seriously affects the causal inference between the study factors and the outcome， resulting in confounding bias. Therefore， identifying and controlling confounding factors are key issues to be addressed in TCM observational studies. According to the causal network and the characteristics of TCM theory， confounding factors can be categorized into measured and unmeasured confounding factors. In addition， attention must be paid to identifying confounding factors and intermediate variables， as well as the interaction between confounding factors and study factors. For methods of controlling confounding factors， measured confounding factors can be controlled by stratification， multifactor analysis， propensity scores， and disease risk scores. Unmeasured and unknown confounding factors can be corrected using instrumental variable methods， difference-in-difference methods， and correction for underlying event rate ratios. Correcting and controlling confounding factors can ensure a balance between groups， and confounding bias can be reduced. In addition， methods such as sensitivity analysis and determination of interactions make the control of confounding factors more comprehensive. Due to the unique characteristics of TCM， observational studies of TCM face unique challenges in identifying and controlling confounding factors， including the ever-changing TCM treatment measures received by patients， the often-overlooked confounding effects in the four diagnostic information of TCM， and the lack of objective criteria for TCM evidence-based diagnosis. Some scholars have already conducted innovative explorations to address these issues， providing a methodological basis for conducting higher-quality TCM observational studies， so as to obtain more rigorous real-world evidence of TCM and gradually develop quality evaluation criteria for OS that are consistent with the characteristics of TCM.

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology, chatbots have shown great potential in the healthcare sector. From personalized health advice to chronic disease management and psychological support, chatbots have demonstrated significant advantages in improving the efficiency and quality of healthcare services. As the scope of their applications expands, the relationship between technological complexity and practical application scenarios has become increasingly intertwined, necessitating a more comprehensive evaluation of both aspects. This paper, from the perspective of he althcare applications, systematically reviews the technological pathways and development of chatbots in the medical field, providing an in-depth analysis of their performance across various medical scenarios. It thoroughly examines the advantages and limitations of chatbots, aiming to offer theoretical support for future research and propose feasible recommendations for the broader adoption of chatbot technologies in healthcare.