Objective:To evaluate the impact of change in the hormone receptor (HR) status on the long-term outcomes of breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).Methods:There were 215 patients for the HR status of their lesions before and after NAC.After surgery,59 cases were confirmed to have achieved complete remission of pathology,The expression of hormo ne receptors was not consistent in 63 patients before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.63 patients were divided into two groups,Group A:39 patients received standard endocrine therapy for 5 years after surgery and chemotherapy;Group B:24 patients were not treated with standard endocrine therapy after surgery and chemotherapy.Conclusions:The 3-year DFS rates were 77.4％ and 54.2％ in Group A and Group B patients,respectively,There was not statistical significancebetween the two groups.The 5-year overall survival rate for Group A patients was higher than that of Group B patients(74.3％ vs 45.8％,P=0.028),The difference was statistically significant.Conclusions:This study revealed that breast cancer patients with HR altered after NAC still benefit from standard endocrine therapy.

The purpose of this paper is to achieve a measurement of temperature prediction for artificial heart without sensor, for which the research briefly describes the application of back propagation neural network as well as the optimized, by genetic algorithm, BP network. Owing to the limit of environment after the artificial heart implanted, detectable parameters out of body are taken advantage of to predict the working temperature of the pump. Lastly, contrast is made to demonstrate the prediction result between BP neural network and genetically optimized BP network, by which indicates that the probability is 1.84% with the margin of error more than 1%.
Heart, Artificial ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Temperature

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among freshmen in a vocational college in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into tuberculosis control in vocational colleges. Methods : All freshmen enrolled in a vocational college in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2020 were recruited and participants' demographics, life style, history of tuberculosis contacts, frequency of ventilation and disinfection in dormitories and classrooms and awareness of core tuberculosis control knowledge were collected through questionnaire surveys. LTBI was detected among freshmen by means of purified protein derivative test (PPD skin test) and chest X-ray scans, and the factors affecting LTBI were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 5 463 freshmen were screened for LTBI, with a screening rate of 100.00%, and the participants included 2 151 men and 3 312 women, with a male/female ratio of 0.65︰1, and had a mean age of (16.83±1.05) years. A total of 388 freshmen were detected with LTBI, with a detection rate of 7.10%, and no active pulmonary tuberculosis was detected. The prevalence of LTBI was 9.44% in men and 5.59% in women. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified males (OR=1.587, 95%CI: 1.281-1.965), smoking (OR=2.108, 95%CI: 1.355-3.278) and a history of tuberculosis of families (OR=2.851, 95%CI: 1.615-5.034) as risk factors for LTBI among freshmen, and knowing core tuberculosis control knowledge as a protective factor of LTBI among freshmen (OR=0.276, 95%CI: 0.218-0.350). Conclusions The risk of LTBI was associated with gender, smoking, history of tuberculosis of families and understanding of the core tuberculosis control knowledge among freshmen in this vocational college in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Health education about the core tuberculosis control knowledge is recommended to be reinforced among students in vocational colleges in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

ObjectiveTo establish a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method for detecting hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). MethodsHBV cccDNA standard substance was constructed, and HBV cccDNA primers and probes were designed based on the structural differences between HBV cccDNA and relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA). HBV plasmid was amplified to obtain HBV cccDNA standard substance, and a ddPCR detection method was established with the standard substance after gradient dilution as the template for HBV cccDNA detection; the limit of detection and repeatability of this method were analyzed. Liver tissue samples were collected from 20 patients who attended Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 2017 to October 2020, all of whom were diagnosed with HBV infection, and DNA of the samples was extracted and digested with plasmid-safe ATP-dependent DNA enzyme to obtain HBV cccDNA template; the ddPCR detection method was evaluated in clinical samples and was compared with the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detection method. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between the two groups. ResultsThe HBV cccDNA detection method based on ddPCR was established, which accurately detected HBV cccDNA in standard substance after gradient dilution, with a limit of detection of 1 copy/μl, and the coefficients of variation of 1×103, 1×102, and 1×101 copies/μl standard substances were 441%, 3.98%, and 5.09%, respectively. HBV cccDNA was detected in the samples of 20 patients with HBV infection; the ddPCR detection method detected HBV cccDNA in 17 patients, with a positive rate of 85%, while the qPCR detection method detected HBV cccDNA in 11 patients, with a positive rate of 55%, and there was a significant difference between the two methods (χ2=4.286, P=0038). ConclusionThe established ddPCR method for detecting HBV cccDNA has a low limit of detection and good repeatability, which provides an effective tool for further clinical detection.

Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) as the most common emergency severe syndrome in neurosurgery has a high mortality and poor prognosis. Decompressive craniectomy is the first treatment choice for sTBI. The reverse question mark incision was usually adopted in decompressive craniectomy, but some scholars also suggest using the n-type incision and Kempe incision. Although the curative effect is remarkable when using the above incisions, the incidence of postoperative complications is high, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage, poor wound healing and flap ischemic necrosis. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of different incisions are not clear. Therefore, some scholars proposed retroauricular incision decompressive craniectomy for sTBI patients because this incision that retains blood supply through a new flap can provide better decompression effect and reduce incision-related complications. The authors review the research progress in retroauricular incision in aspects of the methods, indications and its advantages and disadvantages in constrast with other incisions, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of incision for decompressive craniectomy in sTBI patients.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by infection that lead to dysregulation of the host response. Sepsis and septic shock with a high mortality threaten human health at present, which are important medical and health problems. Early diagnosis and treatment decision-making for sepsis and septic shock still need to be improved. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm formed by the fusion of multi-vesicle bodies and cell membranes. Exosomes can effectively transport a variety of bioactive substances such as proteins, lipids, RNA, DNA, and participate in the regulation of inflammatory response, immune response, infection and other pathophysiological processes. In recent years, exosomes have become one of the important methods for the diagnosis and treatment of systemic inflammatory diseases. This article will focus on the basic and clinical research of sepsis, and focus on the research progress of exosomes in the diagnosis and targeted therapy of sepsis.
Humans ; Shock, Septic/therapy* ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Sepsis/therapy* ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism* ; RNA/metabolism*

Objective:To establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) carbapenemase gene based on recombinase aided amplification (RAA)-CRISPR-Cas13a (CRISPR-Cas13a) technology. Methods:Twenty-five clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and five carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP) strains preserved in 2020-2021 in Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital were randomly collected, and the total DNA samples of the strains was extracted. RAA primers specific for KPC DNA and CRISPR RNA (crRNA) were designed to establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of KPC carbapenemase gene based on RAA-CRISPR-Cas13a technology. The method was evaluated by plasmids and clinical sample strains, and the detection was also performed by Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method to compare the detection rate and consistency of the two methods. Results:The RAA-CRISPR-Cas13a method can detect KPC plasmids and samples with a sensitivity of 1 copy/μl, which is higher than that of qPCR (10 1 copies/μl). Among the 30 clinical strains (including 25 CRKP strains and 5 CSKP strains), 23 strains were detected to carry KPC gene by both RAA-CRISPR-Cas13a method and qPCR method, and 7 strains were not detected with KPC gene. The detection rate of KPC gene in the 25 CRKP strains was 92% (23/25). The positive coincidence rate of the two methods was 100% (23/23). Conclusions:This study combined RAA amplification technology with CRISPR-Cas13a technology to establish a rapid and accurate method for detecting KPC carbapenemase gene. The method is useful for accurate screening of KPC carbapenemase-producing strains. It has a wide application prospect in drug resistance monitoring and infection control.

Objective To explore the correlation between changes of gray matter volume and related cognitive impairment domains in patients with cognitive impairment of cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)based on 7.0T magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and voxel-based morphometry(VBM).Methods All subjects were recruited from the study on Correlation between Cerebral Deep Medullary Vein Morphology and Cognitive Impairment due to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease(registration No.:ChiCTR2100045136)from September 2021 to June 2023.We retrospectively enrolled CSVD patients with cognitive impairment as CSVD group and healthy controls with matched age,gender and education level as control group according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale(Beijing version)score＜26 was divided into cognitive impairment.All subjects was assessed with MoCA,digit span test(DST),digit symbol substitution test(DSST),trail making test-A(TMT-A),verbal fluency test(VFT),Boston naming test(BNT)and auditory verbal learning test(AVLT).All subjects underwent 7.0T brain MRI scan to acquire T1-weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared 2 rapid gradient echo(T1WI-MP2RAGE)for VBM analysis.General data and above cognitive function scores were compared between 2 groups.VBM analysis was used to compare the gray matter volume(GMV)between 2 groups and get mean GMV of significant brain regions of CSVD to explore the correlation between regions and cognitive function scores.Results(1)There were 18 individuals in control group,aged 55-70 years,and 19 individuals in CSVD group,aged 57-75 years.There was no significant difference in age,gender,education,body mass index,history of coronary heart disease,history of hyperlipidemia,smoking,drinking,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein between the two groups(all P＞0.05).But the proportion of hypertension and diabetes history in the CSVD group was higher than control group,and there were significant differences between the two groups(12/19 vs.5/18,7/19 vs.0;all P＜0.05).(2)The scores of MoCA scale(22.0[20.0,23.0]vs.27.0[26.0,28.0],Z=-5.242),DSST(18±9 vs.40±4,t=5.212),DST(10.6±2.5 vs.13.9±2.0,t=4.364),VFT(38±11 vs.47±8,t=3.224),AVLT-immediate memory(13±3 vs.21±4,t=6.877),AVLT-short delay recall(3.4±2.5 vs.6.9±2.2,t=4.555)and BNT(22.7±3.6 vs.27.0±2.1,t=4.357)in CSVD group were lower than those in the control group.The time taken to complete TMT-A in CSVD group was longer than the control group(93.00[76.04,125.69]s vs.29.77[25.75,40.97]s,Z=-4.832).The difference of the above between two group was statistically significant(all P＜0.01).(3)Brain parenchymal fraction in CSVD group was lower than control group,and there was significant difference between two group([78.2±4.3]％vs.[80.9±3.7]％,t=2.079,P＜0.05).VBM analysis showed that gray matter volume of right inferior temporal gyrus(rITG)and right Crus 2 of cerebellar hemisphere(rCERCRU2)in CSVD group was significantly lower than control group(both P＜0.05 and corrected by false discovery rate).(4)Partial correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between gray matter volume in rITG and AVLT-short delay recall score(r=0.543,P=0.036).Conclusions CSVD patients with cognitive impairment had gray matter atrophy in rITG and rCERCRU2 and the gray matter volume in rITG was correlated with delayed memory impairment.The results of this study need to be further verified.

Liver regeneration plays a crucial role in the recovery after liver injury induced by N-acetyl-p-aminophenol （APAP）. After APAP overdose， the degree of regeneration increases with the extent of liver injury， leading to the resolution of liver injury and spontaneous recovery in most cases. However， severe APAP overdose can impair liver regeneration and result in uncontrolled liver injury， even failure to recover or death in severe cases. Following APAP-induced liver injury， interactions between cells in the liver are essential for regenerative response. Liver regeneration is jointly regulated by multiple proliferative signaling pathways， involving various kinases， nuclear receptors， transcription factors， and coactivators. Severe APAP overdose can inhibit the activation of proliferative signaling pathways， thereby causing cell cycle arrest and impairing liver regeneration. Although liver regeneration plays a critical role in the repair of APAP-induced liver injury， the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This article reviews the research advances in the role of liver regeneration in APAP-induced liver injury， in order to provide a reference for further basic research in this area.

Seed quality plays an important role in the agricultural and animal husbandry production, the effective utilization of genetic resources, the conservation of biodiversity and the restoration and reconstruction of plant communities. Seed aging is a common physiological phenomenon during storage. It is a natural irreversible process that occurs and develops along with the extension of seed storage time. It is not only related to the growth, yield and quality of seed and seedling establishment, but also has an important effect on the conservation, utilization and development of plant germplasm resources. The physiological mechanisms of seed aging are complex and diverse. Most studies focus on conventional physiological characterization, while systematic and comprehensive in-depth studies are lacking. Here we review the recent advances in understanding the physiology of seed aging process, including the methods of seed aging, the effect of aging on seed germination, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of seed aging. The change of multiple physiological parameters, including seed vigor, electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde content and storage material in the seed, antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial structure, were summarized. Moreover, insights into the mechanism of seed aging from the aspects of transcriptome, proteome and aging related gene function were summarized. This study may facilitate the research of seed biology and the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources.
Germination ; Plants ; Proteome ; Seedlings ; Seeds/genetics*