Objective To investigate the knowledge,attitude and behavior of medical staffs on foodborne diseases.Methods To investigate the knowledge,attitude and behavior of medical staffs on foodborne diseases by random sampling following the questionnaire.Results There were 332 medical workers attending the survey.The medical staffs were lack of knowledge for foodborne disease,percent of pass was 34.33％.The pass rate of attitude and behavior were 88.88％ and 98.19％.The knowledge score of medical staff of top three hospital (6.49± 2.18)were lower than the community health service center(7.04±2.26) (P＜0.05),but attitude and behavior score of this two staffs had not statistical differences(P＞0.05).Conclusion It is necessary to help medical staff to improve the attitude of foodborne diseases,and improve the monitoring of underreporting case.

Objective:To analyze the association between zygomatic change and bone setback or resection and propose a quantitative guidance for L-shaped reduction malarplasty by linear regression analysis based on computed tomographic (CT) scan images.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent L-shaped reduction malarplasty with mortice and tenon joint at the zygomatic arch in Department of Orthognathic and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from January 2017 to September 2022. Bone setback and resection were performed in cases required a classical L-shaped osteoectomy with oblique bone resection (Group Ⅰ). Bone setback was performed in cases required a modified L-shaped osteotomy without bone resection (Group Ⅱ). Wound healing and the occurrence of complications were followed up after operation. The amount of bone setback and resection were calculated by using preoperative and postoperative CT scan images. The unilateral width changes of the anterior, middle, and posterior zygomatic regions(ΔZBP-MFP, ΔZMP-MFP, ΔZAP-MFP, respectively) as well as zygomatic protrusion change(Δzygomatic protrusion) were also evaluated. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The measurement data was expressed as Mean±SD. Zygomatic width and protrusion change of the two groups was compared by independent t-test. Comparison of complication rates between the two groups was performed using the χ2 test. Correlation analysis using Pearson correlation coefficients was performed between bone resection or setback and zygomatic width or protrusion change. Linear regression analysis was also performed. Results:A total of 80 patients were enrolled. Group Ⅰ consisted of 40 patients [6 males and 34 females; aged (25.2±3.8) years, ranging from 19 to 33 years] who underwent a classical L-shaped osteotomy with both bone setback and resection, while Group Ⅱ consisted of 40 patients [10 males and 30 females; aged (26.0±3.0) years, ranging from 20 to 35 years] who underwent a modified L-shaped osteotomy with bone setback but without bone resection. All patients healed uneventfully during the follow-up period[(12.5±3.3) months, ranging from 5 to 20 months]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications such as infection, transient paresthesia, severe swelling and hematoma between the two groups ( P>0.05). No severe complications, such as facial asymmetry, sagging cheek, bone nonunion, were observed. All patients significantly improved facial contours. There was a statistically significant difference (all P<0.01) in ΔZBP-MFP [ (2.52±0.76) mm vs. (1.85±0.40) mm], ΔZMP-MFP [ (3.30±0.54) mm vs. (2.94±0.51) mm] and Δzygomatic protrusion [ (4.42±1.20) mm vs. (3.59±0.84) mm] between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ. No statistical difference was found in ΔZAP-MFP ( P>0.05). Significant correlation was observed between the bone setback or resection and the changes of anterior, middle zygomatic width as well as protrusion in both the two groups ( r=0.60-0.92, all P<0.01), and the linear regression equation was established. The correlation between bone setback or resection and the posterior zygomatic width change was not significant ( P>0.05). Conclusion:There are linear correlations between the unilateral anterior, middle zygomatic width change, zygomatic protrusion change and the unilateral bone setback or resection. The linear regression equations can be used as a quantitative guidance for preoperative surgical planning.

Objective:To evaluate the stability of the zygomatic complex in reduction malarplasty (RM) with different fixation method.Methods:The clinical data of patients with zygomatic arch protrusion at the Department of Orthognathic and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from January 2018 to January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent L-shaped osteotomy reduction malarplasty which were divided into zygomatic body fixation (ZBF) and zygomatic arch fixation (ZAF) according to fixation technique. As for ZBF, there were 4 different groups including two bicortical screws (2LS), an L-shaped plate with one bicortical screw (LPLS), an L-shaped plate with short-wing on the zygoma (LPwZ) and an L-shaped plate with short-wing on the maxilla (LPwM). As for ZAF, there were 3 different groups including mortice-tenon (MT), 3-hole plate (3HP) and short screw (SS). CT imaging data of two postoperative periods (1 week later; 6 months later) were collected. ITK-SNAP and 3D Slicer software were applied to evaluate the difference in the displacement distance of relevant landmarks of the zygomatic complex, so as to compare the postoperative stability of RM under different fixation methods. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 25.0, and Kruskal-Wallis method was used to compare the difference of relevant landmarks displacement distance between ZBF group and ZAF group. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:60 patients (120 zygomatic arches) who were composed of 21 men and 39 women, aged (27.1±4.9) years were included. There were 30 samples in each group of ZBF and 40 samples in each group of ZAF. Compared with the single L-shaped plate (LPwZ, LPwM) group, the displacement distance of zygomatic complex in 2LS and LPLS groups was shorter ( P<0.05). The three fixation method of zygomatic arch (MT, 3HP, SS) had similar effects on the displacement of zygomatic complex ( P>0.05). Conclusion:After RM, the "two-bridge" fixation method (2LS and LPLS) provides better stability than the single L-shaped plate. The stability of all ZAF is similar when combined with 2LS or LPLS.

Objective:To analyze the association between zygomatic change and bone setback or resection and propose a quantitative guidance for L-shaped reduction malarplasty by linear regression analysis based on computed tomographic (CT) scan images.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent L-shaped reduction malarplasty with mortice and tenon joint at the zygomatic arch in Department of Orthognathic and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from January 2017 to September 2022. Bone setback and resection were performed in cases required a classical L-shaped osteoectomy with oblique bone resection (Group Ⅰ). Bone setback was performed in cases required a modified L-shaped osteotomy without bone resection (Group Ⅱ). Wound healing and the occurrence of complications were followed up after operation. The amount of bone setback and resection were calculated by using preoperative and postoperative CT scan images. The unilateral width changes of the anterior, middle, and posterior zygomatic regions(ΔZBP-MFP, ΔZMP-MFP, ΔZAP-MFP, respectively) as well as zygomatic protrusion change(Δzygomatic protrusion) were also evaluated. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The measurement data was expressed as Mean±SD. Zygomatic width and protrusion change of the two groups was compared by independent t-test. Comparison of complication rates between the two groups was performed using the χ2 test. Correlation analysis using Pearson correlation coefficients was performed between bone resection or setback and zygomatic width or protrusion change. Linear regression analysis was also performed. Results:A total of 80 patients were enrolled. Group Ⅰ consisted of 40 patients [6 males and 34 females; aged (25.2±3.8) years, ranging from 19 to 33 years] who underwent a classical L-shaped osteotomy with both bone setback and resection, while Group Ⅱ consisted of 40 patients [10 males and 30 females; aged (26.0±3.0) years, ranging from 20 to 35 years] who underwent a modified L-shaped osteotomy with bone setback but without bone resection. All patients healed uneventfully during the follow-up period[(12.5±3.3) months, ranging from 5 to 20 months]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications such as infection, transient paresthesia, severe swelling and hematoma between the two groups ( P>0.05). No severe complications, such as facial asymmetry, sagging cheek, bone nonunion, were observed. All patients significantly improved facial contours. There was a statistically significant difference (all P<0.01) in ΔZBP-MFP [ (2.52±0.76) mm vs. (1.85±0.40) mm], ΔZMP-MFP [ (3.30±0.54) mm vs. (2.94±0.51) mm] and Δzygomatic protrusion [ (4.42±1.20) mm vs. (3.59±0.84) mm] between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ. No statistical difference was found in ΔZAP-MFP ( P>0.05). Significant correlation was observed between the bone setback or resection and the changes of anterior, middle zygomatic width as well as protrusion in both the two groups ( r=0.60-0.92, all P<0.01), and the linear regression equation was established. The correlation between bone setback or resection and the posterior zygomatic width change was not significant ( P>0.05). Conclusion:There are linear correlations between the unilateral anterior, middle zygomatic width change, zygomatic protrusion change and the unilateral bone setback or resection. The linear regression equations can be used as a quantitative guidance for preoperative surgical planning.

Objective:To evaluate the stability of the zygomatic complex in reduction malarplasty (RM) with different fixation method.Methods:The clinical data of patients with zygomatic arch protrusion at the Department of Orthognathic and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from January 2018 to January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent L-shaped osteotomy reduction malarplasty which were divided into zygomatic body fixation (ZBF) and zygomatic arch fixation (ZAF) according to fixation technique. As for ZBF, there were 4 different groups including two bicortical screws (2LS), an L-shaped plate with one bicortical screw (LPLS), an L-shaped plate with short-wing on the zygoma (LPwZ) and an L-shaped plate with short-wing on the maxilla (LPwM). As for ZAF, there were 3 different groups including mortice-tenon (MT), 3-hole plate (3HP) and short screw (SS). CT imaging data of two postoperative periods (1 week later; 6 months later) were collected. ITK-SNAP and 3D Slicer software were applied to evaluate the difference in the displacement distance of relevant landmarks of the zygomatic complex, so as to compare the postoperative stability of RM under different fixation methods. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 25.0, and Kruskal-Wallis method was used to compare the difference of relevant landmarks displacement distance between ZBF group and ZAF group. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:60 patients (120 zygomatic arches) who were composed of 21 men and 39 women, aged (27.1±4.9) years were included. There were 30 samples in each group of ZBF and 40 samples in each group of ZAF. Compared with the single L-shaped plate (LPwZ, LPwM) group, the displacement distance of zygomatic complex in 2LS and LPLS groups was shorter ( P<0.05). The three fixation method of zygomatic arch (MT, 3HP, SS) had similar effects on the displacement of zygomatic complex ( P>0.05). Conclusion:After RM, the "two-bridge" fixation method (2LS and LPLS) provides better stability than the single L-shaped plate. The stability of all ZAF is similar when combined with 2LS or LPLS.

Most of the maxillary impacted third molars are located in the maxillary tuberosity,where the vision and op-eration space are limited.This paper reports a case of surgical extraction of the left maxillary horizontal superhigh impact-ed third molar,which is located between the roots of the adjacent teeth and is closely related to the maxillary sinus.The digital simulation technology was used to reconstruct a three-dimensional visual image of the patient's maxilla,related teeth,and other adjacent anatomical structures to assist in finding the optimal surgical method accurately.Root dis-location before the crown not only protects the roots of the adjacent tooth,but also reduces the risk of maxillary sinus lining damage or perforation during operative procedures,improves the efficiency of the operation,and reduces surgical trauma,which conforms to the concept of minimally inva-sive surgery and provides a new idea and experience for the clinical extraction of such maxillary impacted third molars.

AIM: To investigate the application of two-stage estimation (TSE) on adjustment for treatment switch in oncology trials. METHODS: The theory and implementation of TSE method was described, and was applied to adjust the data from a two-arm randomized controlled trial of anti-tumor drugs. The changes of survival curves and hazard ratio of two groups after adjustment for cross-over were evaluated. In addition, the results of two-stage estimation and rank preserving structural failure time model (RPSFT) were compared. RESULTS: After adjustment for cross-over using TSE methods, the results showed that the median survival time of control group was shorter than the original one, and the hazard ratio was lower than the observed value. Moreover, TSE method showed similar results to rank preserving structural failure time model. CONCLUSION: The TSE method is relatively simple to use, reliable and has a good practice property in cross-over analysis of oncology trials. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to its application scopes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Akt2 inhibitor on macrophage polarization in the periapical tissue in a rat model of periapical inflammation. METHODS: Rat models of periapical inflammation were established in 28 normal SD rats by opening the pulp cavity of the mandibular first molars, followed by injection of normal saline and Akt2 inhibitor into the left and right medullary cavities, respectively. Four rats without any treatment served as the healthy control group. At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after modeling, 7 rat models and 1 control rat were randomly selected for observation of inflammatory infiltration in the periapical tissues by X-ray and HE staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression and localization of Akt2, macrophages and the inflammatory mediators. RT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expressions of Akt2, CD86, CD163, inflammatory mediators, miR-155-5p and C/EBPβ to analyze the changes in macrophage polarization. RESULTS: X-ray and HE staining showed that periapical inflammation was the most obvious at 21 days after modeling in the rats. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR showed that compared with those in the control rats, the expressions of Akt2, CD86, CD163, miR-155-5p, C/EBPβ, and IL-10 increased significantly in the rat models at 21 days (P < 0.05). Compared with saline treatment, treatment with the Akt2 inhibitor significantly decreased the expression levels of Akt2, CD86, miR-155-5p and IL-6 and the ratio of CD86⁺M1/CD163⁺M2 macrophages (P < 0.05) and increased the expression levels of CD163, C/EBPβ and IL-10 in the rat models (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Inhibition of Akt2 can delay the progression of periapical inflammation in rats and promote M2 macrophage polarization in the periapical inflammatory microenvironment possibly by reducing miR-155-5p expression and activating the expression of C/EBPβ in the Akt signaling pathway.
Rats ; Animals ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Interleukin-10 ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Inflammation/metabolism*