Objective To observe the dynamic changes of ghrelin of spleen-qi-deficiency rats and the intervention effects ofSijunzi Decoction.Methods Experimental rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group andSijunzi Decoction group. Except for normal control group, spleen-qi-deficiency model was copied through the two-factor methods of breaking qi by bitter cold and swimming exhausted. Meanwhile,Sijunzi Decoction group was given 20 g/(kg?d)Sijunzi Decoction intervention. The activities of GAS, MTL, SS and VIP at different time points (14, 21, 28 d) in intestine and serum were detected by ELISA and RIA. At the same time the intervention effect of Sijunzi Decoction was studied.Results Compared with normal control group, GAS and MTL in intestine and serum of model rats decreased, while SS and VIP increased (P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with model group, GAS and MTL in intestine and serum of rats in theSijunzi Decoction group increased, while SS and VIP decreased (P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Ghrelin in intestine and serum of spleen-qi-deficiency rats shows dynamic coincidental changes.Sijunzi Decoction can treat spleen qi deficiency by regulating the activities of rat ghrelin.

Objective:To analyze the prognostic factors of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC).Methods:The clinical data of 224 patients underwent RARC from December 2014 to December 2018 in Nanjing Drum Hospital were reviewed. There were 193 males and 31 females, aged 36-92 years, with mean of 68 years. There were 7 patients(3.1%)undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the ASA scores of 125 patients (55.8%) were more than 2, and the mean body mass index was 23.4(15.4-35.5)kg/m 2. All patients were treated with RARC, with 72(32.1%) patients undergoing intraoperative blood transfusion. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze recurrence-free survival rate (RFS), cancer-specific survival rate (CSS) and overall survival rate (OS). Cox multivariate risk ratio model was used to evaluate the correlation between survival outcome and perioperative and pathological factors in patients treated with RARC. Results:For pathological status, there were 82 of ≤T 1, 64 of T 2, 57 of T 3 and 21 of T 4. Of all the patients, 49(21.9%) had lymph node metastasis, 12(5.4%) had positive surgical margin, 82(36.6%) had lymphovascular invasion(LVI), and 41(18.3%) underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Follow-up time was between 11-60 months, and the median follow-up time was 24 months. The 5-year cumulative OS, RFS and CSS were 57.15%, 48.84% and 59.60%, respectively. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that T stage( HR=5.764, 95% CI 1.926-17.249, P=0.002; HR=4.086, 95% CI 1.611-10.364, P=0.003; HR=9.391, 95% CI 2.118-41.637, P=0.003), N stage( HR=6.446, 95% CI 3.438-12.087, P<0.001; HR=5.661, 95% CI 3.086-10.385, P<0.001; HR=5.980, 95% CI 2.982-11.992, P<0.001), LVI( HR=3.319, 95% CI 2.008-5.486, P<0.001; HR=2.894, 95% CI 1.782-4.701, P<0.001; HR=3.471, 95% CI 2.017-5.974, P<0.001), American Society of Anesthesia (ASA)score( HR=2.888, 95% CI 1.619-5.150, P<0.001; HR=1.765, 95% CI 1.060-2.940, P=0.029; HR=2.612, 95% CI 1.424-4.792, P=0.002), body mass index( HR=0.886, 95% CI 0.819-0.957, P=0.002; HR=0.885, 95% CI 0.819-0.955, P=0.002; HR=0.862, 95% CI 0.792-0.938, P=0.001), age( HR=1.580, 95% CI 1.250-1.997, P<0.001; HR=1.362, 95% CI 1.088-1.705, P=0.007; HR=1.530, 95% CI 1.190-1.968, P=0.001) and intraoperative blood transfusion( HR=1.899, 95% CI 1.160-3.108, P=0.011; HR=2.218, 95% CI 1.371-3.587, P=0.001; HR=2.227, 95% CI 1.312-3.782, P=0.003) were significantly related to survival outcome. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that T stage( HR=4.506, 95% CI 1.433-14.175, P=0.01; HR=3.159, 95% CI 1.180-8.454, P=0.022; HR=7.810, 95% CI 1.674-36.444, P=0.009), N stage( HR=6.096, 95% CI 2.981-12.467, P<0.001; HR=5.368, 95% CI 2.683-10.740, P<0.001; HR=5.539, 95% CI 2.497-12.288, P<0.001) and ASA score( HR=6.180, 95% CI 2.371-16.110, P<0.001; HR=2.702, 95% CI 1.175-6.215, P=0.019; HR=6.471, 95% CI 2.290-18.286, P<0.001) were independent predictors of RFS, CSS and OS, and adjuvant chemotherapy( R=0.434, 95% CI 0.202-0.930, P=0.032) could only predict OS. Conclusion:T stage, N stage and ASA were main independent predictors of postoperative survival outcomes, and adjuvant chemotherapy was independent predictor of OS.

In acute lung injury, two subsets of lung macrophages exist in the alveoli: tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) and monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (MDMs).However, it is unclear whether these 2 subsets of macrophages have different functions and characteristics during the recovery phase. RNA-sequencing of AMs and MDMs from the recovery period of LPS-induced lung injury mice revealed their differences in proliferation, cell death, phagocytosis, inflammation and tissue repair. Using flow cytometry, we found that AMs showed a higher ability to proliferate, whereas MDMs expressed a larger amount of cell death. We also compared the ability of phagocytosing apoptotic cells and activating adaptive immunity and found that AMs have a stronger ability to phagocytose, while MDMs are the cells that activate lymphocytes during the resolving phase. By testing surface markers, we found that MDMs were more prone to the M1 phenotype, but expressed a higher level of pro-repairing genes. Finally, analysis of a publicly available set of single-cell RNA-sequencing data on bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection validated the double-sided role of MDMs. Blockade of inflammatory MDM recruitment using CCR2 −/− mice effectively attenuates lung injury. Therefore, AMs and MDMs exhibited large differences during recovery. AMs are long-lived M2-like tissue-resident macrophages that have a strong ability to proliferate and phagocytose. MDMs are a paradoxical group of macrophages that promote the repair of tissue damage despite being strongly pro-inflammatory early in infection, and they may undergo cell death as inflammation fades. Preventing the massive recruitment of inflammatory MDMs or promoting their transition to pro-repairing phenotype may be a new direction for the treatment of acute lung injury.

The pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues, which shows the concentrated or sporadic cases in multiple places. Current COVID situation is still complex. During the COVID-19, routine diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer patients has been affected in different degrees. Under the premise of following the treatment guidelines, how to reduce the risk of infection of patients and medical staff, utilize limited medical resources to maximally ensure anti-tumor treatment and related emergency treatment, and help patients get through the epidemic period is a problem for liver oncologists. Thus, experts of liver cancer treatment related disciplines of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University have written the Expert guidance on overall management of liver cancer during the COVID-19, which aims to provide references for liver oncolo-gists to conduct clinical work safely and effectively under the epidemic prevention and control, and to help patients fight against the epidemic smoothly.

Polygonum multiflorum （PM）， a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in clinical practice， has been associated with frequent reports of liver injury in recent years， and the medication safety of PM has attracted more and more attention in China and globally. This article reviews the recent research advances in the signaling pathways and mechanisms of PM in causing drug-induced liver injury （DILI） and aims to provide new ideas for the proper and rational use of PM in clinical practice. The results show that PM is involved in the regulation of various signaling pathways， and it leads to the death of hepatocytes by destroying mitochondrial function， exacerbating bile acid accumulation， and inducing immune response， oxidative stress， and endoplasmic reticulum stress， thereby inducing the development and progression of DILI through multiple targets， pathways， and levels.

In recent years， coronary microvascular disease （CMVD）， a main type of ischemic heart disease with high incidence and low diagnosis rate， has become a new research hotspot and received much clinical attention. The etiology of CMVD is complex and the symptoms are various. Traditional Chinese and Western medicine have different opinions on its pathogenesis and treatment plan. Western medicine believes that CMVD is related to structural abnormalities （such as microvascular remodeling， vascular invasion， lumen obstruction， sparse vascular vessel and perivascular fibrosis） and functional abnormalities （such as endothelial dysfunction， smooth muscle cell dysfunction， microvascular constriction， microvascular spasm， inflammation and autonomic nervous dysfunction） of coronary microvascular vessels as well as the extravascular factors （such as heart rate and blood pressure）. In clinics， conventional western medicines are usually used for empirical treatment， but with undesirable effects. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） believes that CMVD belongs to the category of "chest impediment"， "heart pain" and "collateral disease"， and the common syndromes include Qi deficiency and blood stasis， Qi stagnation and blood stasis， Qi and Yin deficiency， congealing cold in heart vessel， heart and spleen deficiency， blood stasis obstructing collaterals， combined phlegm and blood stasis， and liver and kidney deficiency， with a variety of treatment methods. Specifically， Chinese patent medicines， self-designed prescriptions， modified classical prescriptions and TCM characteristic therapies have achieved certain effects. This review discussed the risk factors， pathological mechanism， TCM etiology and pathogenesis and traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of CMVD， to provide reference for the study and treatment of CMVD.

Due to factors such as low pressure, low oxygen and cold in the plateau environment, people who enter the plateau rapidly are susceptible to digestive system diseases, such as upper abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting and other gastrointestinal dysfunction, which seriously affect the health and work ability of people who enter the plateau rapidly. The gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by the rapid advance to the plateau is mainly reflected in three aspects: gastrointestinal motility dysfunction, impaired mucosal barrier function, and intestinal flora imbalance. At present, the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal dysfunction is still not very clear, and there are fewer drugs for targeted prevention and treatment. Gastrointestinal hormones, oxygen free radicals, inflammatory factors, intestinal flora and other factors, as well as the protective effects of related drugs were reviewed in this paper to provide treatment options and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the gastrointestinal emergency response caused by entering the plateau.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of total polyphenols and catechins in betel nut polyphenols extract, and provide reference for the quality control of betel nut polyphenols extract. Methods The content of total phenol in betel nut extract was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The content of catechins was determined by HPLC. Results The linear range of total polyphenols in betel nuts extract was 9.8~58.8 μg/ml. The three components of catechin, epicatechin and protocatechuic acid were completely separated by HPLC, and the linear relationship was good in their respective ranges, with the recoveries between 99.17% and 101.67%, the RSD between 1.2% and 2.5%. Conclusion The established method is simple, stable and reliable, which could be used for the quantitative analysis of betel polyphenol extract, and provide experimental basis for the quality control of betel polyphenol extract.

Areca catechu L. medicinal materials and their preparations are widely used in clinical practice. Betelnut polyphenol is one of the main chemical components with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. With continuous increase of high altitude activities, tissue oxidative damage caused by high altitude hypoxia seriously affects the ability to work, and the studies on anti-hypoxia drugs are particularly important. Recent studies have shown that betelnut polyphenols have protective effects on oxidative stress injury caused by hypoxia via improving blood gas index of hypoxic organism, increasing superoxide dismutase glutathione catalase activity, and scavenging excessive free radicals. The effects of betelnut polyphenols against hypoxia and oxidative damage protection suggest that betelnut polyphenols can be used as potential anti-hypoxia drugs and posses clinical prospects.
Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; Areca/chemistry* ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Oxidative Stress ; Polyphenols/pharmacology* ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

Tibetan is a kind of medicine which extensively absorbed and fused the Chinese Traditional Medicine, Indian medicine and food through long-term practice and form the unique medical system. At the same time, the Qinghai Tibet plateau has characteristics of high altitude and lack of resources and oxygen, which has formed its unique geographical environment and grow a lot of rare medicinal plants. Tibetan medicine has a long history and is one of the relatively complete and influential ethnic medicines in China, which has played an important role in the treatment of plateau diseases. In recent years, with the increasing of economic activities in the plateau, the plateau anoxia had greatly affected the working capacity of the plateau. According to "Chinese medicine" through the literature, the pharmacological activities, active ingredients, growing environment of Tibetan medicine with good plateau hypoxia effect were reviewed and according to the site, which could be divided into the lung protection medicine, the cardiac protection medicine, the brain protection medicine, the liver protection medicine, the improvement of fatigue medicine and other medicine, which could provide theoretical basis for finding more potential anti-hypoxia drugs.