Cancer cachexia(CC)caused by cancer is a syndrome with complicated symptoms.Traditional therapies usually give interventions for more nutrition intake at CC late stage and take weight as the outcome marker.Lots of clinical trials demonstrate that the effect is not satisfactory.Recent studies show that the level of NF-KB decreased,termination of the breakdown of myofibrillar proteins,the serum proteins and lean body mass increased and function improvement after targeting proteasome at early stage of CC combined with traditional therapy.

Objective To investigate the correlations between occupational stress and care ability of nurses in operating room.Method Occupational stress scale and caring ability evaluation scale were used for the investigation among 180 nurses in 4 general hospitals in Beijing.Results Occupational stress scale (405.61±27.44) and nurses' operating ability (189.07±16.82) in the operating rooms were negatively correlated (P ＜0.05).The occupational stress was negatively correlated with caring ability of the nurses from the operating room.Conclusions Occupational stress of the nurses from the operating room is at the middle level.The care ability is low generally.The occupational stress of the nurses in the operating room is lower and the care ability is higher.Nurse manager can create good working environment,streathing human resource magement to reduce nurse's working stress,thus increase working quality.

Objective With the Monte Carlo method to recaleulate the IMRT dose distributions from four TPS to provide a platform for independent comparison and evaluation of the plan quality.These results wiU help make a clinical decision as which TPS will be used for prostate IMRT planning.Methods Eleven prostate cancer cases were planned with the Corvus,Xio,Pinnacle and Eclipse TPS.The plans were recalculated bv Monte Cado using leaf sequences and MUs for individual plans.Dose-volume-histograms and isodose distributions were compared.Other quantities such as Dmin(the minimum dose received by 99% of CTV/PTV),Dmax(the maximum dose received by 1%of CTV/PTV),V110%,V105%,V95%(the volume of CTV/PTV receiving 110%,105%.95% of the prescription dose),the volume of rectum and bladder receiving>65 Gy and>40 Gy,and the volume of femur receiving>50 Gy were evaluated.Total segments and MUs were also compared.Results The Monte Carlo results agreed with the dose distributions from the TPS to within 3%/3 mm.The Xio,Pinnacle and Eclipse plans show less target dose heterogeneity and lower V65 and V40 for the rectum and bladder compared to the Corvus plans.The PTV Dmin is about 2 Gy lower for Xio plans than others while the Corvus plans have slightly lower female head V50(0.03%and 0.58%)than others.The Corvus plans require significantly most segments(187.8)and MUs(1264.7)to deliver and the Pinnacle plans require fewest segments(82.4)and MUs(703.6).Conclusions We have tested an independent Monte Carlo dose catculation system for dose reconstruction and plan evaluation.This system provides a platform for the fair comparison and evaluation of treatment plans to facilitate clinical decision making in selecting a TPS and beam delivery system for particular treatment sites.

Guided by the principle of multimedia instruction, the author puts forward a new teaching mode, in which theoretical teaching and experimental teaching can be processed synchronously based on campus network, interactive teaching is dominative, students are the principal part, and integral optimization of theoretical teaching and experimental teaching can be realized.

Objective To investigate the optimization of therapeutic regimen through the adjustment of the minimum sub-field area in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for cervical cancer,under the premise of no influence on the dose to target volume or organs at risk.Methods A total of 12 patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer were enrolled,and the prescribed dose to the planning target volume (PTV) was 50 Gy in 25 fractions.The Pinnacle 8.0m treatment planning system was used for all patients,and 16 IMRT plans were developed for each patient,with the application of 9 evenly distributed fixed incidence directions (0°,40°,80°,120°,160°,200°,240°,280°,and 320°),a minimum sub-field number of 80,and a minimum sub-field hop count (MU) of 5 MU.The range of sub-field area was 2-81 cm2.Direct machine parameter optimization was used for inverse-planned optimization calculation,and all the plans met the requirements of the clinical prescribed dose.The dose-volume histogram was used to evaluate the dose distribution in target volume and organs at risk.Results With the sub-field area increasing from 2 cm2 to 81cm2,the total hop count of IMRT plan was reduced from (1405±170) MU to (490±47) MU (P=0.000),and when the sub-field area increased above 6 cm×6 cm,the total hop count was reduced significantly (P=0.000).In the IMRT plan with a minimum sub-field area of 2-49 cm2,there was no significant difference in dose between the target volume and the organs at risk (P＞0.05).The dose to the rectum,the bladder,and both femoral heads showed no significant differences across the IMRT plans with different minimum sub-field areas (P＞0.05).Conclusions When the Pinnacle 8.0m treatment planning system is used to develop IMRT plans for cervical cancer,the requirements for clinical dose can still be met with a minimum sub-field area reaching 7 cm×7 cm,and there are significant reductions in sub-field hop count and total hop count.

Objective To study the relationship between parameter settings in the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning in order to explore the effect of parameters on absolute dose verification.Methods Forty-three esophageal carcinoma cases were optimized with Pinnacle 7.6c by experienced physicist using appropriate optimization parameters and dose constraints with a number of iterations to meet the clinical acceptance criteria.The plans were copied to water-phantem,0.13 cc ion Farmer chamber and DOSE1 dosimeter was used to measure the absolute dose.The statistical data of the parameters of beams for the 43 cases were collected,and the relationships among them were analyzed.The statistical data of the dosimetry error were collected,and comparative analysis was made for the relation between the parameters of beams and ion chamber absolute dose verification results.Results The parameters of beams were correlated among each other.Obvious affiliation existed between the dose accuracy and parameter settings.When the beam segment number of IMRT plan was more than 80,the dose deviation would be greater than 3％ ; however,if the beam segment number was less than 80,the dose deviation was smaller than 3％.When the beam segment number was more than 100,part of the dose deviation of this plan was greater than 4％.On the contrary,if the beam segment number was less than 100,the dose deviation was smaller than 4％ definitely.Conclusions In order to decrease the absolute dose verification error,less beam angles and less beam segments are needed and the beam segment number should be controlled within the range of 80.

This paper introduces an infusion remote-control system based on wireless data-transfer.It can realize such functions as the accurate control of the infusion speed,humanized prompt,central monitoring,wardship and management.Ultrasonic adopted to detect the flux,the lower MCU can fulfill such functions as control,display and storage,which can also perform real-time wireless communication with the upper PC to facilitate remote control.

Objective Comparing the dosimetric characteristics of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and constant dose rate intensity modulated arc therapy (IMAT) in esophagus cancer to evaluate the performance of the two different arc therapy delivery techniques.Methods 22 cases of esophageal cancer patients were selected for the planning comparison study.All plans were done for IMAT and VMAT treatment plans on Oncentra 4.1 treatment planning system,prescription dose of 2 Gy in total 30 fractions.Planning objectives for PTV were at least 95％ reached the prescription dose and V110 no more than 10％.The maximum dose of spinalcord below 45 Gy and double lung dose V20 ≤ 28％,V30 ≤ 18％ were constrained.Plans were evaluated based on the ability to meet the dose volume histogram.The dose homogeneity index (HI),radiation conformity index (CI),radiation delivery time,monitor units and γ pass rate were also compared.SPSS 19.0 software paired ttest analysis was carried out on the two sets of data.Results The results showed that the IMAT plans in terms of the PTV's CI (t =3.35,P=0.003),D2(t =-2.27,P=0.034) lung's V30(t =-2.46,P=0.023) were better than that of VMAT group.But the VMAT plans spinal's V40 (t =2.37,P =0.027),lung's V5 (t =2.43,P =0.024) were superior to that of IMAT plans.There were no significant differences between IMAT and VMAT plans in the average dose of PTV,CTV,GTV,heart,spinal cord,double lung and the γpass rate.Conclusion IMAT presents a slight improvement in the OAR sparing in high dose with shorter treatment time when compared to VMAT.While in terms of delivered MU and tissue of low dose irradiated area is higher than that of in VMAT.These two treatment methods all can meet the clinical demand,which should be selected according to the actual situation of the patient.

Theultraperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithmassspectrometry(UPLC-MS)was used to investigate the metabolic difference of the decoction of Radix Aconiti Preparata ( RAP ) and its co-decoctions with Radix Paeoniae Alba ( RAP-RPA ) or Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae ( RAP-RST ) in rat intestinal bacteria. The principal component analysis ( PCA) of the relative contents of Aconitum alkaloids after metabolism was performed by SIMCA-P software. The score plots of PCA could successfully distinguish the three groups of RAP, RAP-RPA and RAP-RST. The result indicated that the differences of biotransformation among the groups of PAP, RAP-RPA and RAP-RST were significant. With the loading plot and independent-samples T test, seven relevant markers with the significant differences were found in the group of RAP-RPA, six relevant markers were obtained in the group of RAP-RST. The relative content of four markers in RAP-RPA was higher than that in RAP, and one marker in RAP-RST was higher than that in RAP. The relative contents of other markers were all lower than that in RAP. These markers may be the effective substance for explaining the different effects of Radix Aconiti Preparata before and after combination with Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae.

Objective To investigate the application of the Monte Carlo dose calculation of output factors for electron beams in radiotherapy.Methods The code EGS4/MCTP was used to simulate the head of a medical linear accelerator (Varian 23EX) to calculate the output factors for 6 MeV,9 MeV and 18 MeV electron beams.The source-to-surface distance used was 100 cm.The field sizes ranged from 2 cm × 2 cm to 25 cm × 25 cm.The calculated output factors agreed with the corresponding measured factors which were measured by the IBA Phantom system to within 2％.Then,the output factors of direct articles and indirect articles which were under different energy and various cone-insert combinations were calculated by the code EGS4/MCTP.Results The calculated output factors agreement with the measurements is found to be mostly under the 1％ level.The variation of output factors depends on the characteristics of the beams and the modifications that the various cone-insert combinations introduce to these characteristics.Conclusions Monte Carlo dose calculations for electron beams in homogeneous water phantoms have been demonstrated to be accurate under the 1％ level in comparison with measurements.The output factors were influenced by energy and cone-insert combinations in complex ways.