Cancer cachexia(CC)caused by cancer is a syndrome with complicated symptoms.Traditional therapies usually give interventions for more nutrition intake at CC late stage and take weight as the outcome marker.Lots of clinical trials demonstrate that the effect is not satisfactory.Recent studies show that the level of NF-KB decreased,termination of the breakdown of myofibrillar proteins,the serum proteins and lean body mass increased and function improvement after targeting proteasome at early stage of CC combined with traditional therapy.

Objective To investigate the correlations between occupational stress and care ability of nurses in operating room.Method Occupational stress scale and caring ability evaluation scale were used for the investigation among 180 nurses in 4 general hospitals in Beijing.Results Occupational stress scale (405.61±27.44) and nurses' operating ability (189.07±16.82) in the operating rooms were negatively correlated (P ＜0.05).The occupational stress was negatively correlated with caring ability of the nurses from the operating room.Conclusions Occupational stress of the nurses from the operating room is at the middle level.The care ability is low generally.The occupational stress of the nurses in the operating room is lower and the care ability is higher.Nurse manager can create good working environment,streathing human resource magement to reduce nurse's working stress,thus increase working quality.

Objective With the Monte Carlo method to recaleulate the IMRT dose distributions from four TPS to provide a platform for independent comparison and evaluation of the plan quality.These results wiU help make a clinical decision as which TPS will be used for prostate IMRT planning.Methods Eleven prostate cancer cases were planned with the Corvus,Xio,Pinnacle and Eclipse TPS.The plans were recalculated bv Monte Cado using leaf sequences and MUs for individual plans.Dose-volume-histograms and isodose distributions were compared.Other quantities such as Dmin(the minimum dose received by 99% of CTV/PTV),Dmax(the maximum dose received by 1%of CTV/PTV),V110%,V105%,V95%(the volume of CTV/PTV receiving 110%,105%.95% of the prescription dose),the volume of rectum and bladder receiving>65 Gy and>40 Gy,and the volume of femur receiving>50 Gy were evaluated.Total segments and MUs were also compared.Results The Monte Carlo results agreed with the dose distributions from the TPS to within 3%/3 mm.The Xio,Pinnacle and Eclipse plans show less target dose heterogeneity and lower V65 and V40 for the rectum and bladder compared to the Corvus plans.The PTV Dmin is about 2 Gy lower for Xio plans than others while the Corvus plans have slightly lower female head V50(0.03%and 0.58%)than others.The Corvus plans require significantly most segments(187.8)and MUs(1264.7)to deliver and the Pinnacle plans require fewest segments(82.4)and MUs(703.6).Conclusions We have tested an independent Monte Carlo dose catculation system for dose reconstruction and plan evaluation.This system provides a platform for the fair comparison and evaluation of treatment plans to facilitate clinical decision making in selecting a TPS and beam delivery system for particular treatment sites.

Objective To study the relationship between parameter settings in the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning in order to explore the effect of parameters on absolute dose verification.Methods Forty-three esophageal carcinoma cases were optimized with Pinnacle 7.6c by experienced physicist using appropriate optimization parameters and dose constraints with a number of iterations to meet the clinical acceptance criteria.The plans were copied to water-phantem,0.13 cc ion Farmer chamber and DOSE1 dosimeter was used to measure the absolute dose.The statistical data of the parameters of beams for the 43 cases were collected,and the relationships among them were analyzed.The statistical data of the dosimetry error were collected,and comparative analysis was made for the relation between the parameters of beams and ion chamber absolute dose verification results.Results The parameters of beams were correlated among each other.Obvious affiliation existed between the dose accuracy and parameter settings.When the beam segment number of IMRT plan was more than 80,the dose deviation would be greater than 3％ ; however,if the beam segment number was less than 80,the dose deviation was smaller than 3％.When the beam segment number was more than 100,part of the dose deviation of this plan was greater than 4％.On the contrary,if the beam segment number was less than 100,the dose deviation was smaller than 4％ definitely.Conclusions In order to decrease the absolute dose verification error,less beam angles and less beam segments are needed and the beam segment number should be controlled within the range of 80.

Objective To investigate the optimization of therapeutic regimen through the adjustment of the minimum sub-field area in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for cervical cancer,under the premise of no influence on the dose to target volume or organs at risk.Methods A total of 12 patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer were enrolled,and the prescribed dose to the planning target volume (PTV) was 50 Gy in 25 fractions.The Pinnacle 8.0m treatment planning system was used for all patients,and 16 IMRT plans were developed for each patient,with the application of 9 evenly distributed fixed incidence directions (0°,40°,80°,120°,160°,200°,240°,280°,and 320°),a minimum sub-field number of 80,and a minimum sub-field hop count (MU) of 5 MU.The range of sub-field area was 2-81 cm2.Direct machine parameter optimization was used for inverse-planned optimization calculation,and all the plans met the requirements of the clinical prescribed dose.The dose-volume histogram was used to evaluate the dose distribution in target volume and organs at risk.Results With the sub-field area increasing from 2 cm2 to 81cm2,the total hop count of IMRT plan was reduced from (1405±170) MU to (490±47) MU (P=0.000),and when the sub-field area increased above 6 cm×6 cm,the total hop count was reduced significantly (P=0.000).In the IMRT plan with a minimum sub-field area of 2-49 cm2,there was no significant difference in dose between the target volume and the organs at risk (P＞0.05).The dose to the rectum,the bladder,and both femoral heads showed no significant differences across the IMRT plans with different minimum sub-field areas (P＞0.05).Conclusions When the Pinnacle 8.0m treatment planning system is used to develop IMRT plans for cervical cancer,the requirements for clinical dose can still be met with a minimum sub-field area reaching 7 cm×7 cm,and there are significant reductions in sub-field hop count and total hop count.

This paper introduces an infusion remote-control system based on wireless data-transfer.It can realize such functions as the accurate control of the infusion speed,humanized prompt,central monitoring,wardship and management.Ultrasonic adopted to detect the flux,the lower MCU can fulfill such functions as control,display and storage,which can also perform real-time wireless communication with the upper PC to facilitate remote control.

Guided by the principle of multimedia instruction, the author puts forward a new teaching mode, in which theoretical teaching and experimental teaching can be processed synchronously based on campus network, interactive teaching is dominative, students are the principal part, and integral optimization of theoretical teaching and experimental teaching can be realized.

Objective To evaluate the optimized conformal and IMRT plans for the upper esophageal carcinoma. Methods Eight patients with upper esophageal carcinoma underwent CT simulation.GTV was contoured on the CT image,referring the esophagogram and endoscopy simuhaneously,then CTV and PTV were also defined using the same criteria.Different conformal radiotherapy plans consisting of 3 fields(F),4F or 6F,IMRT plans consisting of 3F,4F,5F,7F,9F or 11F,and a simplified IMRT(s-IMRT)plan were designed for these patients.The minimum prescription dose that 95%of PTV volume received was 6000 cGy.Dose distributions of the PTV and OARs in different 3 DCRT and IMRT plans were compared and the optimized plans for the upper esophageal carcinoma were then recommended. Resuits Dose and volume parameters of PTV were similar among the 3DCRT plans(P＞0.05).4F 3DCRT plan reduced lung V20 as compared to 6F plan(P＜0.05),and mean lung dose(MLD)of 3F and 6F 3DCRT plans were higher than that of4F plan(P＜0.05).PTV D100 of 3F IMRT plan was lower than that of 9F and 11F plans(P＜0.05).IV of 4F IMRT plan was larger than that of 9F and 11F IMRT plans(P＜0.05).PTV dose and volume parameters of the 9F IMRT and 1 1 F IMRT were similar comparing with 5F.7F and s-IMRT plans,and OARs dose was also similar among IMRT plans(P＞0.05).PTV CI,D100,D95,V100 and V95 of the 4F 3DCRT plan were all lower than those of 5F,7F and s-IMRT plans(P＜0.05).5F,7F and s-IMRT plans reduced lung V20 as compared to 4F 3DCRT plan(P＜0.05).Conclusions For the upper esophageal carcinoma.4F 3DCRT plan is recommended among the 3DCRT plans.5F.7F and s-IMRT plans are recommended among the IMRT plans,which are superior than 4F 3 DCRT plan.

Objective To evaluate the variance and the concordance between the tumor length measured by CT scans and that measured by surgical specimens in esophageal carcinoma. Methods Fiftytwo surgical specimens of the esophageal carcinoma were made into pathological giant section.The shrinkage ratio of tumor was calculated by comparing the length of the specimen fixed by formalin for 24 h and that measured during the operation.One hundred and thirty-seven patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent spiral CT scan before the surgery,and the length of the gross tumor volume was obtained.After the tumor length of the fixed specimen had been measured,the real tumor length in situ was calculated using the shrinkage ratio.Then the variance and the concordance between the tumor length in CT scans and that in situ were compared.Results The mean shrinkage ratio was 90%±10%.The mean tumor length in CT scans was longer than that in situ(5.8 am±2.4 cm vs 4.1 cm±1.8 cm,P=9.68,P=0.000).The concordance of the length measured by the two methods was 40.9%(56/137). Conclusions A certain variance existed between the tumor length in CT images and that computed from surgical specimen in esophageal carcinoma.The results of esophagography and endoscopy should also be referred to delineate the gross tumor volume of esophageal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE:Allele frequencies and forensic parameters for six miniSTR loci(D10S1248,D14S1434,D22S1045,D4S2364,D2S441 and D1S1677)were analyzed in a population of 173 unrelated Chinese Han population individuals from Northeast China.METHODS:The six miniSTR loci were preformed in two multiplex fluorescent PCR systems.ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer was utilized in capillary electrophoresis and the lengths of allele fragments were analyzed.Genetic data collection and analysis software were used for data collection and genotyping.Statistical analysis was performed to the data.RESULTS:The six miniSTR loci showed a moderate degree of polymorphism in Han population from Northeast China.The observed allele sizes were from 67 bp to 115 bp,and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.728 to 0.827.The combined power of discrimination and the combined power of exclusion for the six miniSTR loci in Northeast China were 0.999 99,and 0.993 31,respectively.CONCLUSION:The six miniSTR showed a moderate genetic polymorphism in Han population from northeast of China.Due to their small size of PCR amplicon,the six miniSTR could be useful supplements to the CODIS STRs,and they would be useful in population genetics and forensic analysis.