To determine the bufalin concentration in rats' plasma by establishing a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method, and to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of bufalin-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (bufalin-BSA-NP) and bufalin.

With the rapid development of biotechnology, therapeutic peptide has been a hot area in the central nervous system drugs due to its features of easy to design and target specificity. However, therapeutic peptide is difficult to cross the blood brain barrier into the central nervous system and target cells, coupled with its in vivo instability, which seriously restricts its application in central nervous system diseases. This review focuses on the progress of therapeutic peptides across the blood brain barrier targeting the central nervous system, compares and analyses the methods of increasing therapeutic peptides penetration, specificity and stability in combination with other molecules, in order to provide help for the development of central nervous system drugs.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the long-term survival (10-15 years) and late toxicity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), aiming to provide reference for the optimal treatment of NPC.Methods:132 patients with NPC who were treated with IMRT in Sichuan Cancer Hospital from 2003 to 2009 were recruited. Among them, 3 patients were classified as stage Ⅰ, 22 cases of grade Ⅱ, 61 cases of grade Ⅲ, 43 cases of Ⅳ A and 3 cases of Ⅳ B, respectively. The median dose was 73.37Gy (66 to 85Gy), divided into 33 times. Twenty patients received radiotherapy alone, 112 cases of concurrent radiochemotherapy. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and log- rank test. Univariate prognostic analysis was performed. Cox model was used to conduct multivariate prognostic analysis. The late radiation toxicity was evaluated by RTOG/EORTC criteria. Results:The median follow-up duration was 128 months (range, 3 to 191 months). The 10-and 15-year local control rates of NPC patients were 86.0% and 79.9%. The disease-free survival rates were 72.5% and 63.2%, and the overall survival (OS) rates were 65.2% and 57.1%. The local recurrence rate was 12.1%, and the distant metastasis rate was 16.7%. A total of 53 patients died, of whom 15 patients died of local recurrence, 20 patients died of distant metastasis and 18 patients died of other diseases (pneumonia, intracranial hemorrhage and accident, etc.). The 10-and 15-year non-tumor-related mortality rates were 11.3% and 13.6%. Univariate analysis showed that age, smoking habit, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), T stage and clinical stage were the independent prognostic factors of OS in NPC patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that LDH, T stage and synchronous chemotherapy were the prognostic factors of OS in NPC patients. The incidence of gradeⅠ-Ⅱ late radiation injury (hearing impairment, dysphagia, dental caries and xerostomia) was 90.4%, and 8.5% for grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ late radiation injury (skin fibrosis, hearing impairment and radiation brain injury).Conclusions:The 10-and 15-year OS of NPC patients treated with IMRT is relatively high. With the prolongation of survival, the non-tumor-related mortality rate is increased. Distant metastasis is the main cause of treatment failure. The main late injuries include grade Ⅰ/Ⅱ hearing impairment, dysphagia, dental caries and xerostomia.

Objective:To evaluate our self-designed pre-positioned 3D honeycomb guide device in the internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws for femoral neck fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 60 patients with femoral neck fracture who had been treated with cannulated screw fixation at Department of Orthopaedics, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to June 2022. According to the difference in intraoperative positioning for placement of cannulated screws, the patients were divided into a study group of 30 cases whose placement of cannulated screws was assisted by our self-designed pre-positioned 3D honeycomb guide device, and a control group of 30 cases whose cannulated screws were positioned freehand. In the study group, there were 17 males and 13 females with an age of (44.9±9.2) years, and 2 cases of type Ⅱ, 18 cases of type Ⅲ, and 10 cases of type Ⅳ by the Garden classification. In the control group, there were 11 males and 19 females with an age of (43.5±7.9) years), and 1 case of type Ⅱ, 16 cases of type Ⅲ, and 13 cases of type Ⅳ by the Garden classification. Closed reduction and inverted triangle internal fixation with 3 cannulated screws were conducted for all fractures. The Garden crossline index, operation time, fluoroscopy frequency, needle drillings, fracture healing time, and Harris hip functional score at the last follow-up were compared between the 2 groups. The postoperative imaging indicators in the 2 groups were measured, including screw spacing, distance from screw to neck cortex, screw coverage area, parallel deviation between screws, and deviation from screw to neck axis.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for (14.4±1.9) months after surgery. In the study group, operation time [(33.1±5.5) min], fluoroscopy frequency [(13.7±2.2) times], needle drillings [(3.7±0.6) times], distance from screw to neck cortex [(12.4±2.8) mm], parallel deviation between screws in the anteroposterior view (2.2°±1.1°), parallel deviation between screws in the lateral view (2.4°±1.0°), deviation from screw to neck axis in the anteroposterior view (4.0°±0.9°) and deviation from screw to neck axis in the lateral view (3.2°±0.8°) were all significantly smaller than those in the control group [(46.5±8.6) min, (23.1±5.2) times, (11.0±2.2) times, (19.0±3.3) mm, 6.5°±2.6°, 7.1°±2.9°, 7.7°±2.6°, and 9.2°±3.1°] (all P<0.05). The screw spacing [(45.7±5.8) mm] and screw coverage area [(74.1±10.9) mm 2] in the study group were both significantly larger than those in the control group [(31.3±7.7) mm and (55.5±9.0) mm 2] ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in Garden crossline index, fracture healing time, follow-up time, or Harris hip functional score at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). Follow-ups revealed 1 case of bone non-union in the study group and 2 cases of bone non-union and screw withdrawal in the control group, but no such complications as infection, deep vein thrombosis, screw penetration or rupture, or femoral head necrosis in either group. Conclusion:In the internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws for the treatment of femoral neck fractures, our self-designed pre-positioned 3D honeycomb guide device can shorten surgical time, significantly reduce fluoroscopy frequency and needle drillings, and effectively improve accuracy of screw placement.