The clinical thinking modes of "integrative disease and Syndrome" and "integrative macroscopical Syndrome-differentiation and microscopical Syndrome-differentiation" formed in the past half century were merely the primary train of thought and methodology of integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine. In order to develop them to a higher level, stress should be put on the unity and holism of disordered organism and unity of function, structure and metabolism. It has long been ignored that a parallel and correlated relationship exists between the TCM Syndrome and pathological process of Western medicine, which is a common, set-formed and regular pathophysiological changes with certain development phase, presented in various diseases. Both have common features as that the same pathological process can be seen in different diseases and several pathological progresses can present in one disease, the same Syndrome also can be seen in different diseases and several Syndromes can present in a disease. Moreover, they have the compatible connotation and denotation. The author deduced that pathophysiological basis of main Syndrome is indeed the basic pathological process. Essence of Syndrome is the related pathological processes including abnormal changes in function, metabolism and morphological structure.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; Clinical Medicine ; methods ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Holistic Health ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods

Fall down is related to stability of persons,especially in the aged.Poor stability usually results in fall down.Compared with the concept of static stability,dynamic stability theory emphasizes the velocity-position of center of mass(CoM)to predict feasible move-ments rather than CoM position only. Dynamic stability can help to estimate the risk of fall, and guide the exercise about fall prevention from improvements of adaption to regain balance.The training program still needs more studies.

To make a preliminary study on the mechanism of Coptidis Rhizoma(CR) and Rehmanniae Radix(RR) before and after the combined administration in treating type II diabetes mellitus. The type I diabetes animal model in rats was established by fat emulsion and intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin, in order to compare the hpyerglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of CR, RR and their combined administration of different ratio. The urinary metabolic profiling in rats of Coptidis Rhizoma and Rehmanniae Radix before and after the combined administration was analyzed by using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The differences among groups in metabolome were analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA). The biochemical index results indicated that both CR and RR before and after the combined administration could lower high blood glucose, hypertriglyceride and high cholesterol. According to the analytical results of PCA of the rats' urine samples, the CR group was the most close to the normal group, with no significant difference in CR and RR group of different combination ratios. Twelve differentiated metabolites were identified to be related to type II diabetes. Compared with the normal group, the CR-treated group showed significant increase in seven differentiated metabolites. Among CR and RR drugs with different combination ratios, CR played a major role and thus acted as the monarch drug. Whereas RR served as the ministerial drug and assisted CR to show the efficacy. This study laid a foundation for the explanation of the combination mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; urine ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rehmannia ; chemistry

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates gene expression in a range of cells, including immune and epithelial cells. AhR signaling plays important roles in the immune system in both health and disease states. Tapinarof is a first-in-class small-molecule topical therapeutic AhR modulating agent launched for the treatment of psoriasis. To improve the activity and chemical stability of Tapinarof, a series of 2-phenylchromen-4-one derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as novel AhR agonists. Compounds 5a, 5c, 5e and 5f potently activated AhR with an EC₅₀ value of 7, 9, 6 and 6 nmol·L^-1, respectively, which are 10-14 fold more potent than Tapinarof. Compounds 5a and 5e exhibit comparable inhibitory effects on IFN-γ production as Tapinarof. Furthermore, compounds 5a-5f exhibited favorable photochemical stability compared to Tapinarof. The compounds may eventually serve as lead compounds for the development of new AhR agonists.

This study was purposed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of G/(1, 3-β-D glucan)/GM (galactomannan) combined detection for early diagnosis of invasive fungal disease (IFD), determine the GM positive cut-off value, and investigate the change of diagnostic level before and after G/GM test and the relation of GM value with therapeutic effect. The ELISA with double antibody sandwich was used to detect the serum levels of G and G/M. The results showed that according to determined GM positive cut-off value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of G/GM combined detection were 100%, 65.7%, 67.6% and 100%, respectively. The case number of the clinical diagnosis of IFD increased from 1 to 24 cases, the diagnosis of 12 non-infective patients was changed as suspected IFD with the help of G/GM combined detection; the GM cut-off value decreased in patients whose GM cut-off value was higher before therapy and antifungal therapy was effective, while the GM cut-off value increased in patients no-responded to therapy. It is concluded that G/GM combined detection can increased the sensitivity of the diagnosis and reduce false negative rate in the early diagnosis of IFD. The dynamically monitoring G/GM cut-off value can be used as evaluation indicator of therapeutic efficacy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, Fungal ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; complications ; microbiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; etiology ; immunology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence of injuries among residents living in the communities in Zhejiang.

METHODSA household questionnaire survey was conducted to 16 899 residents in four communities.

RESULTSThe incidence of injuries was 16.11% in total, higher in urban area than in rural area and higher in men than in women. The leading causes of injuries were falls (4.80%), knife-cutting or by sharp articles (3.86%), traffic accident (2.07%), collision (1.99%), scalds (1.13%) and animal bites (1.06%). Peak incidence of age group was different in different injuries, such as traffic accident was high in 45 - 60 age group and falls was high in 5 and 60 age group. Direct economic loss for each case with injury would cost 324.21 RMB yuan.

CONCLUSIONInjury was common and frequently occurred among residents at the community level which seriously on danger their health and families.

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Bites and Stings ; epidemiology ; Burns ; epidemiology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Community Health Services ; Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology ; mortality

This study was aimed to investigate the function defect of partial homing receptor on cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (CBHSC) and explore efficacy and feasibility of intervention in vitro. The expression and activity of active groups in P, E-selectin ligands on CD34+ cells from cord blood, bone marrow and peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry; meanwhile the expression of active groups in selectin ligands on CD34+ cells treated by fucosyl transferase in vitro was determined by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the expression levels of CD26 on the surface of stem/progenitor cells (CD34+) from cord blood, bone marrow and peripheral blood were (7.62+/-0.63)%, (6.35+/-0.89)% and (6.18+/-0.91)% (p>0.05) respectively. And the activities of CD26 of the three sources of stem cells were 67.15 U/1000 cells (1 U=1 pmol/min), 26.85 U/1000 cells and 20.95 U/1000 cells respectively, in which the activity of CD26 on surface of CD34+ from cord blood was significantly higher than that from other both sources (p<0.01). The expression levels of P-selectin ligand on the stem/progenitor cells three kinds were (83.46+/-6.33)%, (15.65+/-0.89)% and (80.17+/-6.85)%, and the expression levels of E-selectin ligand on stem/progenitor cells of three kinds were (25.31+/-1.03)%, (26.34+/-0.89)% and (29.79+/-1.78)% respectively. The expression of E-selectin ligand on the surface of cord blood stem/progenitor cell CD34+ increased from (25.31+/-1.03)% to (63.23+/-1.08)% after glycosylation engineering. It is concluded that there is no significant difference of the expression of CD26 between the three sources of stem/progenitor cells, but the activity of CD26 in cord blood was obviously higher than that in bone marrow and peripheral blood. The expression of P-selectin ligand on bone marrow stem/progenitor cell was lower than that on stem cells of cord blood and peripheral blood. Glycosylation engineering can promote and elevate the expression of E-selectin ligand on the surface of CD34+ cells from cord blood.
Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ; metabolism ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Sialoglycoproteins ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the perioperative characteristics and surgical methods in treating the old with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.

METHODSFrom January 2000 to October 2007, 36 patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis with the age more than 60 years,including 16 males and 20 females, the age from 60 to 81 years with an average of 67.5 years. Of all patients, 6 cases were treated by simple surgical decompression, 16 cases by decompressive laminectomy, 20 cases by decompressive laminectomy combined with internal fixation and fusion.

RESULTSNo death cases occurred during perioperation and complication occurred in 14 cases, including cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 3 cases, incision late healed in 1 case, heart abnormal symptom in 1 case, respiratory infection in 1 case, gastrointestinal symptom in 4 cases, urinary system infection in 1 case, spirital symptom in 1 case. After symptomatic treatment, all complications improved. All the cases were followed up from 6 months to 5 years with an average of 2.5 years. Oswestry scoring improved from preoperative 45.66 +/- 7.12 to postoperative 16.80 +/- 5.75, there was significant difference between before and after operation (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe age and heath condition are not operative absolute contraindication in treating old with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis,with the proper operation modus after controlling concomitant diseases, the surgical treatment could guarantee the satisfactory therapeutic effect.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

AIMTo observe the change of potassium current on cultured neurons differentiated from hippocampus neural stem cells of the newborn rat.

METHODSNeural stem cells from newborn rat hippocampus were cultured in vitro and passaged continuously. Differentiation of the cell was induced by serum and removing mitogens. After differentiation cells were plated on plastic dishes and cultured for 1 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d. Whole-cell voltage patch clamp recording was used respectively to detect voltage-dependent K+ current.

RESULTSAfter 1 d culture, no current was detected, and on the 7th d, 14th d, 21st d after differentiation, the amplitude of K+ currents was (18.077 +/- 2.789)pA/pF, (13.099 +/- 2.742)pA/pF, (34.045 +/- 8.067)pA/pF at +50 mV. The recorded K+ current included two components that could be blocked by TEA and 4-AP separately, assumed the slowly inactivating delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) and the fast inactivating transient outward K+ current (IA).

CONCLUSIONThe function of potassium channels on the hippocampus neural stem cells of the newborn rat approaches mature gradually when the time of differentiation becomes longer in vitro.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels ; physiology ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels ; physiology ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Saliva is secreted from the salivary glands and has multiple functions, including mouth cleaning and protection, antibacterial effects and digestion. With the rapid advancement in salivaomics, saliva is well recognized as a pool of biological markers. Saliva, as a non-invasive and safe source, could be a substitute for blood in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. This review summarizes the latest advancements in saliva-related studies and addresses the potential value of saliva in the early diagnosis of oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease, as well as cancer, diabetes and other systemic disorders. Saliva biomarkers range from changes in the biochemical indices of DNA, RNA and proteins to the diversification of microbiota structures. This study integrates data reported in the recent literature and discusses the clinical significance and prospects for the application of saliva in the early diagnosis of diseases, translational medicine and precision medicine.