· AlM: To investigate clinical therapeutic effect and safety of small incision extracapsular cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens implantation in blindness prevention and treatment.
· METHODS: Clinical data of 425 patients with cataract (425 eyes) were analyzed retrospectively, who received small incision extracapsular cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens implantation in the No.413 Hospital of Chinese PLA, with the help from “handicapped rehabilitation engineering in Dinghai District of Zhoushan City” from September 2013 to August 2014.Visual acuity before and after operation, average corneal curvature, corneal astigmatism and intraoperative and postoperative complications were compared statistically and analyzed emphatically.
·RESULTS: ln all of the 425 patients with cataract (425 eyes) , the preoperative best corrected visual acuity of 99 patients were less than 0.05, and the other 326 patients were 0.05 to 0.3.Classification of lens nucleus hardness:level Ⅲ, 63 cases; level Ⅳ, 257 cases; and level Ⅴ, 105 cases.The preoperative average corneal curvature and corneal astigmatism of all patients were 44.6 ±1.52D and 1.35±0.96D.All the 425 patients underwent small incision extracapsular cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens implantation.Postoperative follow-up of 3mo results: the best corrected visual acuity: 5 cases were less than 0.05 (blindness-free rate 98.8%);8 cases were 0.05 to <0.3 ( handicap-overcome rate 96.9%);42 cases were between 0.3 to <0.5;127 cases between 0.5 to 0.8 and 243 cases were ≥0.8.Postoperative average corneal curvature and cornea astigmatism were 44.5 ± 1.42D and 1.47 ±1.00D respectively. There were no statistically significant difference compared with preoperative condition.No severe complications such as infectious endophthalmitis or retinal detachment occurred, except 4 patients ( 0.9%) with posterior capsular rupture and 3 patients (0.7%) with Descemet’s membrane detachment during operation;and 18 patients (4.2%) with transient corneal edema and 4 patients (0.9%) with hyphema after operation.
· CONCLUSlON: lt is effective and safe to apply small incisionextracapsular cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens implantation in blindness prevention and treatment, and it gives excellent visual rehabilitation to cataract patients.Especially in those areas and hospitals having no condition of phacoemulsification, it’s a safe and effective alternative when carrying out the program of blindness prevention and treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of extracellular regulating kinase (ERK) signaling pathway on the secretion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons induced by stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1).

METHODSThe hippocampal neurons of newborn SD rats were cultured and identified in vitro; the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was examined by Western blot; ELISA was used to detect the effect of PD98059, a ERK1/2 specific blocker on GABA secretion of cultured hippocampal neurons and Western blot were adopted to measure the protein expression levels of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65/67) and gamma aminobutyric acid transporter (GAT); after blocking ERK1/2 signaling pathway with PD98059; RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of GAT-1 and GAD65 after treated with PD98059.

RESULTSThe levels of ERKl/2 phosphorylation were increased significantly by SDF1 acting on hippocampal neurons, and CX-CR4 receptor blocker AMD3100, could inhibit SDF-1 induced ERK1/2 activation; SDF-1 could inhibit the secretion of GABA in cultured hippocampal neurons, and ERK1/2 specific inhibitor PD98059, could partly reverse the inhibition of GABA secretion by SDF-1. The effects of SDF-1 on cultured hippocampal neurons was to decrease the mRNA genesis of glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD65 and GABA transporter GAT-1, besides, ERK inhibitor PD98059 could effectively flip the effect of SDF-1. The results of Western blot showed that SDF-1 could inhibit the protein expression of GAT-1 and GAD65/67 in hippocampal neurons and the inhibition of GAT-1 and GAD65/67 protein expression could be partially restored by ERK1/2 blocker.

CONCLUSIONSDF-1 acts on the CXCR4 of hippocampal neurons in vitro, and inhibits the expression of GAD by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and this may represent one possible pathway of GABA secretion inhibition.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Glutamate Decarboxylase ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; secretion

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of the rate of morphologically normal sperm (MNS) on the clinical outcomes of conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) in patients with one retrieved oocyte.

METHODSFrom January 2013 to January 2015, a total of 256 couples with one retrieved oocyte underwent conventional IVF in our center. According to the rate of MNS, the patients were divided into two groups: MNS < 4% (134 cycles) and MNS ≥ 4% (122 cycles). We compared the rates of no transferrable embryo cycles, fertilization, cleavage, normal fertilization, abnormal fertilization, high-quality embryo and transferrable embryo between the two groups. A total of 75 fresh embryo transfer cycles were performed, 43 in the MNS < 4% group and the other 32 in the MNS ≥ 4% group. We also compared the rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy and abortion between the two groups.

RESULTSThere were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the rates of no transferrable embryo cycles, fertilization, cleavage, normal fertilization, abnormal fertilization, high-quality embryo and transferrable embryo (P > 0.05). The rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy and abortion exhibited no remarkable differences either in the fresh embryo transfer cycles between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe rate of MNS does not affect the clinical outcomes of conventional IVF in patients with one retrieved oocyte.

Abortion, Spontaneous ; Cleavage Stage, Ovum ; Embryo Implantation ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Single Embryo Transfer ; statistics & numerical data ; Sperm Count ; Spermatozoa ; physiology

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of six individual strains of fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fermentation of cottonseed meal (CSM). Six groups of disinfected CSM substrate were incubated for 48 h after inoculation with either of the fungi C. capsuligena ZD-1, C. tropicalis ZD-3, S. cerevisae ZD-5, A. terricola ZD-6, A. oryzae ZD-7, or A. niger ZD-8. One not inoculated group (substrate) was used as a control. Levels of initial and final free gossypol (FG), crude protein (CP), amino acids (AA) and in vitro digestibility were assayed. The experiment was done in triplicate. The experimental results indicated that microbial fermentation could greatly decrease (P<0.05) FG levels in CSM. The detoxification efficiency differed between the species of microorganisms applied. From the perspective of reducing CSM potential toxicity, C. tropicalis ZD-3 was most successful followed by S. cerevisae ZD-5 and A. niger ZD8. They could reduce FG levels of CSM to 29.8, 63.07 and 81.50 mg/kg based on DM (dry matter), respectively, and their detoxification rate were 94.57%, 88.51% and 85.16%, respectively. If crude protein, amino acids content and their in vitro digestibility were also taken into account, A. niger ZD-8 may be the best choice. The CP content of CSM substrate fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 were improved by 10.76% and 22.24%; the TAA (total amino acids) contents were increased by 7.06% and 11.46%, and the EAA (essential amino acids) were raised by 7.77% and 12.64%, respectively. Especially, the levels of methionine, lysine and threonine were improved greatly (P<0.05). The in vitro CP digestibility of CSM fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 was improved by 13.42% and 18.22%, the TAA were increased by 17.75% and 22.88%, and the EAA by 16.61% and 21.01%, respectively. In addition, the in vitro digestibility of methionine, lysine and threonine was also improved greatly (P<0.05).
Amino Acids ; analysis ; Cottonseed Oil ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Digestion ; Fermentation ; Fungi ; metabolism ; Gossypol ; analysis ; Nutritive Value ; Plant Proteins ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Modified Hangqi Chifeng Decoction (MHCD) on levels of collagen type IV (Col IV), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in extracellular matrix (ECM) of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in LPS induced mice.

METHODSNormal serum and telmisartan, high, medium, low dose MHCD containing serums were prepared by using serum pharmacology method. GMCs were cultured in vitro. The proliferation of mesangial cells were induced using LPS as stimulating factor. GMCs were divided into six groups, i.e., the normal group, the model group, the telmisartan group, high, medium and low dose MHCD groups. Col IV content in the supernatant of mesangial cells was detected using ELISA. Protein expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were detected using Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal group, Col IV content obviously increased in the model group after 72-h LPS stimulation; protein expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were obviously up-regulated, and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio was down-regulated in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, Col IV content obviously decreased in high and medium dose MHCD groups and the telmisartan group (P < 0.01); protein expressions of MMP-2 were obviously down-regulated in medium and low dose MHCD groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); the protein expression of TIMP-2 was obviously down-regulated in high, medium, low dose MHCD groups and the telmisartan group (P < 0.01). The pro- tein expression of TIMP-2 was obviously lower in the high dose MHCD group than in the low dose MHCD group (P < 0.01). MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio was obviously up-regulated in the telmisartan group, high and medium dose MHCD groups (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMHCD could regulate disordered MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio in LPS induced ECM, inhibit excessive production of Col IV in ECM, promote the degradation of ECM, reduce the accumulation of ECM, thereby, delaying the process of glomerular sclerosis.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type IV ; metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix ; metabolism ; Kidney Glomerulus ; cytology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Mesangial Cells ; drug effects ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the changes of the frequency of staphylococcus aureus (SAU) and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from hospitalized children from 2003 to 2006,and investigate the 21 antimicrobial susceptibility against SAU strains for providing reference for clinical rational use of drug.Methods The SAU strains were isolated from 207 children who were hospitalized in department of pediatrics of the sixth people′s hospital affiliated to Shanghai jiaotong university from Jan.2003 to Dec.2006 during the first 48 h of hospital stay.Strains were isolated from cotton-tipped swab of throat culture 75 strains,sputum culture 57 strains,secretion of bellybutton culture 25 strains,liquor puris culture 23 strains,hemoculture 20 strains,tube thoracostomy culture 3 strains,middle piece urnary culture 3 strains,cerebrospinal fluid culture 1 strain.The strains were identified by latex agglutination test,the in vitro activities of the 21 antimicrobial agents against 207 SAU isolates was tested by disc diffusion test (K-B method) according to the guidelines of the clinical and laboratory standards institute.MRSA was screened by oxacillin disc diffusion test.The data were analyzed by WHONET 5 software,Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel was used to analyze the tendency of SAU isolating rate and MRSA detectable rate.Results Of these SAU,30 strains(14.5 %) isolates were MRSA and 177 strains(85.5 %) were methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus.The sensitive rates of SAU to Penicilin,Oxacillin,Cefuroxime Sodium,Cefotaxime,Ceftriaxone,Erythromycin,Clindamycin,Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole,Ciprofloxacin,Fosfomycin and Rifampin were 4.8%,85.5%,84.9%,90.0%,88.3%,37.5%,46.3%,92.7%,74.2%,97.2%,94.0%,respectively.All the strains were sensitive to peptide antibiotic(for instance,vacomycin and teicoplanin) and Levofloxacin.The SAU isolated rate and MRSA detectable rate were 9.6%,19.8%,25.0%,39.5% and 5.0%,5.9%,12.7%,24.7% in 2003-2006,respectively.Conclusions SAU has strong resis-tance to Penicilin and Erythromycin,but relative sensitive to Oxacillin and Cephalosporin.The SAU isolatating rate and MRSA resistant rate is increased in our area,pediatrics should to strengthen the monitoring of SAU is important in pediatrics.

Objective To investigate the effects of family allergic history and dermatophagoides farina on the expressions of Th1/Th2 cytokine of cord blood and allergic disorders in infancy.Methods Ten mil cord blood were obtained from 34 neonates which 17 cases had family allergic history and 17 cases didn′t have.Cord blood mononuclear cells(CBMC) were isolated by gradient centrifugation with Ficoll and were cultured with phytohemagglutinin(PHA) or dermatophagoides farina for 48 hours in vitro.The expressions of interleukin(IL-4) and interferon(IFN-?) of the culture supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Two groups were visited with telephone or clinical service every 1 or 2 months in 1 year follow-up survey.Results In no stimulation,the expressions of IL-4 of family allergic history and no family allergic history were(11.35?1.80) ng/L and(11.0?1.50) ng/L,respectively,there was no significant difference.The expressions of IFN-? were(9.55?1.47) ng/L and(10.19?1.37) ng/L,respectively,there was no significant difference also.In PHA stimulation,the expressions of IL-4 were(43.45?4.57) ng/L and(37.58?3.41) ng/L,respectively,there was significant difference.The expressions of IFN-? were(72.61?25.40) ng/L and(65.84?29.96) ng/L,respectively,there was no significant diffe-rence.In low density dermatophagoides farina stimulation,the expressions of IL-4 were(40.54?3.64) ng/L and(37.17?2.60) ng/L,respectively,which had significant difference.The expressions of IFN-? were(35.30?2.73) ng/L and(40.55?1.85) ng/L,respectively,which had significant difference.In high density dermatophagoides farina stimulation,the expressions of IL-4 were(43.50?3.19) ng/L and(39.55?4.13) ng/L,respectively,which had significant difference.The expressions of IFN-? were(39.40 ?5.21) ng/L and(40.94?2.96) ng/L respectively,which had no significant difference.Allergic diseases were happened in 7 cases of 13 cases with family allergic history and in 2 cases of 15 cases without family allergic history in 1 year follow-up except lost follow-up cases.There were significant difference in 2 groups.Conclusions Th2 cells of cord blood are relative dominant in neonates having family allergic history.Th2 cells relative dominant are more obvious in dermatophagoides farina stimulation.The neonates having family allergic history have a tendency to get allergic diseases in childhood.

Objective To investigate the effects of ZMS,the active component of Zhimu,on amyloid precursor protein(APP) and ?-site APP cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1) in HEK293sw cells. Methods HEK293sw cells were pretreated with different concentrations of ZMS in routine culture medium for 24 h,and then serum-free medium with ZMS was used for further culture for 48 h.Cells were examined for expression of APP and ?-secretase BACE1 with Western blotting and RT-PCR,and were then examined for BACE1 activity with fluorescence method. Results 1 ?mol/L and 10 ?mol/L ZMS significantly decreased the expression of BACE1 mRNA and protein,while had no effect on the expression of APP mRNA and protein.It was indicated by fluorescence analysis that 10 ?mol/L ZMS significantly decreased the ?-secretase activity.Conclusion ZMS significantly decreases the activity and expression of ?-secretase BACE1,while has no effect on the expression of APP in HEK293sw cells.

Objective Insulin autoantibody (IAA) is known to exist in sera of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients and pre-T1DM individuals. The aim of this study was to establish a novel microtiter plate radioimmunoassay (RIA) for IAA and evaluate its clinical value. Methods Diluted 125Ⅰ-insulin was mixed with 5 ul serum samples in a 96-well microtiter plate and then incubated for 72 h on an orbital plate shaker (4℃). The immunocomplexes were transferred to another protein a coated Millipore plate, and then the plate was washed with Tri-Buffered Saline Tween-20 (TBT) buffer. Counts per minute (CPM) was measured with liquid scintillation and luminescence counter. The positive cut-off point of IAA index was defined as ≥0.06 based on the 99-percentile of the distribution in 317 healthy individuals. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay were calculated from the samples provided by the fourth Diabetes Autoantibodies Standardization Program (DASP 2005). The IAA levels were determined in 71 T1 DM and 551 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients, and 317 healthy controls. The t test, non-parametric test, x2 test and linear correlation analysis were performed on the data using SPSS 11.5 software. The concordance rate was estimated with Kappa value. Results (1) The optimized testing condition was described as 2×104 CPM of 125Ⅰ-insulin, 5 ul serum sample and slowly horizontal shaking for 72 h. (2) The intra-assay CV was 4.8%-8.9% and inter-assay CV was 6.4%-10.5%. Based on DASP 2005 samples, the specificity and sensitivity of the assay were 97% (97/100) and 50% (25/50), respectively. Ninety-six serum samples with different IAA levels were selected and tested to compare between our new method and a domestic IAA RIA kit. The results showed that the IAA indices from the two methods were positively correlated (r= 0.678, P<0.001). The concordance rate was 72.9 %(Kappa value=0.402). There were 25 samples with discordant results, which were positive for IAA titer using the corresponding microtiter plate RIA but negative using the novel RIA kit. (3) In TIDM group the positive rate of IAA was 19.7% (16/71), higher than the healthy controls (0.9%, x2=54.36, P<0.001). The subgroup of T1DM children (with 0-9 years) showed the highest IAA positive rate (55.6% ,x2=4.85, P<0.05). In T2DM group the frequency of IAA was 1.5% (8/551), which had no significant difference comparing with that of healthy controls (x2= 0.95, P >0.05). Conclusions Our proposed microtiter plate RIA method for IAA is highly sensitive and specific, likely to be feasible for clinical application. The frequency of IAA is high in children with T1DM.

The apparatus for intrinsic dissolution test recorded in United States Pharmacopeia (USP) integrating with fiber-optic drug dissolution test system (FODT) were used to real-time monitor intrinsic dissolution processes of alliin in four media which were water, solution of HCl with pH 1.2, buffer solution of acetate with pH 4.5, and buffer solution of phosphate with pH 6.8. The intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and the similarity factor (f2) of two intrinsic dissolution curves with two apparatuses were calculated. The IDR values of alliin with rotating disk system were 28.1.3, 33.55, 28.38 and 30.95 mg x cm(-2) x min(-1) in four media, respectively. And the IDR values of alliin with stationary disk system were 44.16, 47.07, 45.11 and 51.34 mg x cm(-2) x min(-1), respectively. The similarity factors were 56.42, 50.75, 40.30 and 40.64, respectively. The results showed that the intrinsic alliin dissolution rates were much greater than 1 mg x cm(-2) x min(-1). It inferred that alliin dissolution would not be the rate limiting step to absorption.
Cysteine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Fiber Optic Technology ; Solubility