This paper is aimed to study the differences of allelopathic effects of Panax notoginseng under different allelopathic chemicals resources and selection of appropriate rotation crops. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction ( AMMI) model had been used to evaluate the stability of allelopathic effects of P. notoginseng on the varieties of corn, wheat and rice properly. The model could use not only to evaluate the stability of non-regional trial data but also explore the interaction between the rotation crop genotypes and donor substances more efficiently. Meanwhile, correspondence analysis can be used in the AMMI to evaluate genotype stability and donor substances. Ejingza No. 1 (g6) had stronger allelopathic effects with high stability, but Yunrui No. 1 (g9) which was appropriate rotation crop genotype, had weaker allelopathic effects with high stability. These findings will aid in choosing appropriate rotation crops and establishing proper rotation system.
Allelopathy ; Crops, Agricultural ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry

It has been showed that there were obvious obstacle effects of Panax notoginseng replanting. Crop rotation was the main effective technique to overcome the obstacle. To find a reasonable crop rotation system for P. notoginseng, aqueous extracts from root, stem and leaf of P. notoginseng were analyzed for allelopathic effect on three maize varieties (which are often grown in regions where P. notoginseng grown). The main results were as follows: (1) Allelopathic effect of P. notoginseng stem and leaf extracts on the three other tested plants was stronger than that of root extracts; (2) Corn was more vulnerable to the effects of allelochemicals at seedling stage than at germination stage, and the corn root was more sensitive than aerial part to allelochemicals; (3) Lusan No. 3 and Yunrui No. 1 showed resistance to P. notoginseng allelopathy, with respective comprehensive sensitivity indexes (M3) of - 0.089 3 and -0.159 2, while Bainuo No. 1 is sensitive at M3 = -0.261 0. It then can be concluded that Lusan No. 3 and Yunrui No. 1 may be an alternative rotation plants for overcoming P. notoginseng continuous cropping obstacle.
Allelopathy ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Pheromones ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Zea mays ; drug effects ; growth & development

Sandalwood essential oil has been widely used not only as natural medicines but also in perfumery and food industries, with sesquiterpenoids as its major components including (Z)- α-santalol and (Z)-β-santalol and so on. The mature heartwoods of Santalum album, Santalum austrocaledonicum and Santalum spicatum are the major plant resources for extracting sandalwood essential oil, which have been overexploited. Synthetic biology approaches have been successfully applied to produce natural products on large scale. In this review, we summarize biosynthetic enzymes of santalenes and santalols, including various santalene synthases (STSs) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), and then highlight the advances of biotechnological production of santalenes and santalols in heterologous hosts, especially metabolic engineering strategies for constructing santalene- and santalol-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin in incised wound of rat's skin and injury time. METHODS: The wounding model was established by cutting the dorsal skin of 48 adult SD rats. The rats were sacrificed at the pre-set injury time as immediately, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h. The skin samples were taken at the margin of wound. The expression of the EIIIA? fibronectin was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting and the relationship be- tween its expression and injury time was observed. Results The expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin was not observed immediately. The basal cell of skin began to show positive expression 0.5 h after injury. With the extension of injury time, positive staining became stronger. The value of relative optical density was gradually increased with prolonged injury time by the Western blotting analysis. CONCLUSION The expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin could be used for estimation of injury time in the early stage of skin injury.
Animals ; Fibronectins/metabolism* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Proteins/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin/metabolism* ; Staining and Labeling ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo introduce the technique of minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screws osteosynthesis (MIPPSO) and compare the preliminary clinical outcomes of the treatment of thoraco-lumbar vertebra fracture with traditional open pedicle screws osteosynthesis (TOPSO).

METHODSUsing the "C" arm fluoroscopic guidance, the pedicle screws were put through new-designed instrumentation and inserted percutaneously with fifty cases of thoraco-lumbar vertebra fracture. Semi-Laminectomy were made in the heavy-occupation side through the incision of 4 cm. Vertebroplasty were made through pedicle of disease vertebrae. perioperative parameter and the index of image were compared with the treatment of traditional open pedicle screws osteosynthesis in other fifty cases.

RESULTSThe consumed time of operation in the MIPPSO group and the TOPSO group made no significant difference (P >0.05), but the length of incision, injury of paraspinal muscles, bleeding of operation, drain of postoperation, pain of postoperation, spending time of hospitalization were all significantly different between the two group (P <0.05). Each group compared to itself between preoperation and postoperation, the vertebral height, the height of intervertebral disk, Cobb's angle and the occupation index of vertebral canal were all significantly different (P <0.05). however compared to each other, whether preoperation or postoperation, there were not significant different in the index of image (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe technique of minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screws osteosynthesis (MIPPSO) has the advantages of simple manipulation, safety, small trauma, less bleeding, light pain, quickly recovery and short hospitalization time.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; methods ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; instrumentation ; methods ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Aim To explore the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in high fat-induced oxidative stress injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Methods HUVECs were exposed to different concentrations of palmitic acid(0.1,0.2,0.4,0.8 mmol · L-1) for 24 h and different time points of 0.4 mmol · L-1 palmitic acid(0,12,24,48 h).Cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit 8,and the protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunits such as p22phox,p47phox,p67phox and gp91phox were determined by Western blot.The expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HUVECs was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Cell proliferation rate of HUVECs stimulated by 0.4 mmol · L-1 palmitic acid for 24 h and 48 h was significantly reduced.In the next experiment,model group was accordingly set as HUVECs stimulated by 0.4 mmol · L-1 palmitic acid for 24 h.The expression of NADPH oxidase subunits such as p22phox,p47phox,p67phox and gp91phox significantly increased at 24 h and 48 h after 0.4 mmol· L-1 palmitic acid stimulation (P ＜ 0.05),and the difference.between the 24 h group and the 48 h group was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of ROS in HUVECs significantly increased at 24 h and 48 h after O.4 mmol · L-1 palmitic acid stimulation (P ＜ 0.05),and the difference between 24 h group and 48 h group was not significant (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group (0.4 mmol · L-1 palmitic acid stimulation for 24 h),the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyliodonium (DPI,10 μmol · L-1) pretreatment could significantly decrease the expression of ROS in vascular endothelial cells (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Activated NADPH oxidase might play an important role in treatment of high fat-induced oxidative stress injury in vascular endothelial cells.

Aim To explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)signaling pathway in high fat-induced cell apoptosis in human umbilical vein endo-thelial cells(HUVECs). Methods HUVECs were ex-posed to different concentrations of palmitic acid(0. 1, 0. 2,0. 4,0. 8 mmol·L - 1 )for 24 h and different time points of 0. 4 mmol·L - 1 palmitic acid(0,12, 24,48 h). Cell viability was measured by cell count-ing kit(CCK-8),and the protein expressions of ERS signaling pathway protein such as GRP78,CHOP, PERK,IRE1,ATF6 were determined by Western blot. The level of intracellular apoptosis was detected by immunofluorescence. Results HUVECs exposed to palmitic acid at 0. 4 mmol·L - 1 for 24 h showed a de-crease in their viability and an increase in the expres-sion of ERS signaling pathway proteins (GRP78, CHOP,PERK,IRE1,ATF6)(P < 0. 05);cell ap-optotic levels significantly increased(P < 0. 05). The intracellular apoptosis levels in the vascular endothelial cells of ERS signaling pathway inhibitor 4-phenylbutyr-ic acid (4-PBA,10 mmol · L - 1 )were significantly lower than those of the PA group(P < 0. 05). Conclu-sion Activated ERS signaling pathway might play an important role in the treatment of high fat-induced cell apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and carotid intima thickness. Methods: We searched the databases of Pubmed, Embase, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang for published studies on the relationship between Hp infection and carotid intima thickness in China and abroad. 2 reviewers independently identified and enrolled the articles, extracted specific data and assessed the quality of reference by Jadad scale. Meta-analysis was conducted by Stata 12.0 Software. Results: A total of 9 case-control studies were enrolled, all the reference quality scores≥4 which included 694 subjects with Hp positive and 676 with Hp negative. Meta-analysis indicated that carotid intima thickness was higher in Hp positive subjects than Hp negative subjects, standard mean difference (SMD)=0.803, 95% CI(0.686-0.919), P<0.05. Age related study presented that carotid intima thickness was higher in Hp positive subjects than Hp negative subjects at the age≥60 years'population, SMD=1.296, 95%CI (1.125-1.467), P<0.05; carotid intima thickness was also higher in Hp positive subjects than Hp negative subjects at the age<60 years'population, SMD=0.379, 95%CI (0.220-0.537), P<0.05. Conclusions: Hp infection has been related to the thickness of carotid intima and it could make carotid artery intima thickening.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints of the chloroform extract fractions of Peucedanum harrysmithii var. subglabrum (PHS) and its phlegm-reducing effect, in order to establish "active component group for reducing phlegm".

METHODHPLC was adopted to determine and analyze HPLC fingerprints of chloroform extract fractions of PHS. Phenol red expectorant experiment was used to observe the phlegm-reducing effect in mice. Mice were administered intragastrically with chloroform extract fractions for 6 days (1.4 g x kg(-1)), with acute bronchitis syrup as the positive control drug (12 mL x kg(-1)). The phenol red secretion in mice was determined by spectrophotometer. Then the grey relational analysis was used to study the spectrum-effect relationship.

RESULTThe phlegm-reducing effect of the chloroform extract fractions of PHS were resulted from the combined effect of all of its chemical components. Its various characteristic peaks represented different chemical components, and the order of their contributions to the phlegm-reducing effect was (number of peaks) 13 > 12 > 16 > 18 > 19 > 6 > 20 > 14 > 1 > 11 > 15 > 10 > 17 > 2 > 5 > 4 > 7 > 3 > 8 > 9, in No. 1, 3, 4, 10, 13 and 16 characteristic peaks were identified as marmesin, psoralen, xanthotoxin, Pd-Ib, pteryxin and peuformosin.

CONCLUSIONThe chloroform extract fractions of PHS show strongly phlegm-reducing effect. There may be certain relationship between their HPLC fingerprint and phlegm-reducing effect.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Ferns ; chemistry ; Mucus ; drug effects

Sixty healthy Sprague-Dawley male rats were used and divided randomly into control group (group C), cadmium loading group with medium dose (group M) and cadmium loading group with high dose (group H). Groups C, M and H were orally dosed daily with 0, 5 and 10 mg/kg of cadmium for over 6 weeks. Effects of cadmium loading on testis and endocrine function of reproduction in male rats were studied. The results showed that the zinc content decreased slightly in testis and plasma, and the cadmium concentration increased significantly in the testis of groups M and H; while the plasma levels of cadmium and zinc had no obvious difference as compared with those of group C; daily sperm production in the testis of group H decreased markedly during week 3 of cadmium loading, and was significantly lower in groups M and H as compared to that in group C during week 6; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in group H and lactate dehydrogenase-X (LDH-X) in groups M and H were markedly lower compared to those of group C; plasma testosterone (T) level in both cadmium loading groups decreased and was low or significantly lower than that in group C; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels had no apparent difference between the three groups. It is suggested that the gradual accumulation of cadmium in testis tissue induced by chronic cadmium loading results in changes in some enzyme activity, a decrease in sperm production, and defect of endocrine function activity in the testis.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; drug effects ; Animals ; Cadmium ; blood ; Cadmium Chloride ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Isoenzymes ; drug effects ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; drug effects ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reproduction ; drug effects ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects ; Testis ; enzymology ; pathology ; Testosterone ; blood