Osteoporosis, one of the severest diseases in the middle-aged and elderly population, is the result of the disorder of the normal bone turnover process. At present, many studies have shown that bone turnover is closely related to the microbial environment in the human body. The largest microbiota in the human body exists in the intestine and plays an important role in the normal physiological activities of the body, such as nutrition, metabolism, immunity and barrier. Intestinal microbe can regulate endocrine and immune system through a series of processes, thereby affecting the process of bone turnover in the body. This article briefly reviews the current research about the effects of intestinal microbe on the process of bone turnover in the body. It is expected to provide new ideas for the treatment of osteoporosis by exploring the relationship between osteoporosis and intestinal microbe.

Objective To analyze clinical features and sum up experience for the treatment of ischemic bowel disease. Methods Clinical data of 73 patients with the diagnosis of ischemic bowel disease were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsTwenty-eight patients were male and 45 patients were female. The median of age was 65 years (range of 38 to 89 years). Forty-eight patients were associated with hypertension, 23%(17/73) patients had a history of coronary disease and 15% (11/73) had diabetes. Seventy patients presented symptom of abdominal pain and 93% (68/73) had hematochezia. Symptoms relieved by conservative treatment in 96% (63/66) patients. Nine patients underwent a surgery. One patient died of sepsis postoperatively. One suffered from colostomy necrosis and leakage of the rectum segment. Conclusion 1. Elder patients presenting symptoms of abdominal pain and hematochezia, especially with a history of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and diabetes should be considered for the possibility of ischemic bowel disease. 2. Most patients with ischemic bowel disease could be successfully treated by conservative therapy. 3. Surgery for patients with chronic relapsing and nonresponsible symptoms was difficult and patients often suffer from high postoperative complications.

BACKGROUND:Partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) has been used to monitor the effectiveness of precordial compression (PC) and regarded as a prognostic value of outcomes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study was to investigate changes of PETCO2 during CPR in rats with ventricular fibrillation (VF) versus asphyxial cardiac arrest. METHODS:Sixty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into an asphyxial group (n=32) and a VF group (n=30). PETCO2 was measured during CPR from a 6-minute period of VF or asphyxial cardiac arrest. RESULTS:The initial values of PETCO2 immediately after PC in the VF group were significantly lower than those in the asphyxial group (12.8±4.87 mmHg vs. 49.2±8.13 mmHg,P=0.000). In the VF group, the values of PETCO2 after 6 minutes of PC were significantly higher in rats with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), compared with those in rats without ROSC (16.5±3.07 mmHg vs. 13.2±2.62 mmHg,P=0.004). In the asphyxial group, the values of PETCO2 after 2 minutes of PC in rats with ROSC were significantly higher than those in rats without ROSC (20.8±3.24 mmHg vs. 13.9±1.50 mmHg,P=0.000). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves of PETCO2 showed significant sensitivity and specificity for predicting ROSC in VF versus asphyxial cardiac arrest. CONCLUSIONS:The initial values of PETCO2 immediately after CPR may be helpful in differentiating the causes of cardiac arrest. Changes of PETCO2 during CPR can predict outcomes of CPR.

In this paper we study the scaling behavior of nucleotide cluster in 11 chromosomes of Encephalitozoon cuniculi Genome. The statistical distribution of nucleotide clusters for 11 chromosomes is characterized by the scaling behavior of P(S) proportional, variant e(-alphaS), where S represents nucleotide cluster size. The cluster-size distribution P(S(1)+S(2)) with the total size of sequential C-G cluster and A-T cluster S(1)+S(2) were also studied. P(S(1)+S(2)) follows exponential decay. There does not exist the case of large C-G cluster following large A-T cluster or large A-T cluster following large C-G cluster. We also discuss the relatively random walk length function L(n) and the local compositional complexity of nucleotide sequences based on a new model. These investigations may provide some insight into nucleotide cluster of DNA sequence.
Base Sequence ; Computer Simulation ; DNA, Fungal ; genetics ; Encephalitozoon cuniculi ; genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; genetics ; Nucleotides ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; methods

OBJECTIVETo compare the mandibular indices differences between periodontitis and non-periodontitis subjects by digital panoramic tomograms in order to find a simple and effective method to evaluate the density of alveolar bone and study the relativity between local bone loss and systemic bone loss.

METHODSStandard digital panoramic tomograms of sixty periodontitis subjects and sixty non-periodontitis subjects were taken. Density and height cortical width (CW) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI) of alveolar bone were measured on the digital panoramic tomograms. SPSS 12.0 was used for statistics analyses.

RESULTSThe periodontitis subjects had lower height of alveolar bone (8.76 mm vs. 11.85 mm, P=0.000), lower density of alveolar bone (106.08 vs. 113.33, P=0.034), thinner cortical width (3.80 mm vs. 4.27 mm, P=0.008), while the difference of PMI between the two groups was not significant (P>0.05). The relativity between both density and height of alveolar bone with CW was significant (P<0.05), but not significant with PMI (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe optical method is a simple and effective method to measure the density of the alveolar bone. Compared with the non-periodontitis subjects, the periodontitis subjects not only have alveolar bone changed significantly but also have thinner cortical width.

Alveolar Bone Loss ; Bone and Bones ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Periodontitis ; Radiography, Panoramic

OBJECTIVETo categorize diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into germinal center B cell-like (GCB) and non-germinal center B cell-like (non-GCB) subgroups by immunohistochemistry; and to investigate the underlying prognostic significance.

METHODSImmunohistochemical study for CD10, bcl-6 and MUM1 was performed on 133 cases of DLBCL. The cases were then categorized into GCB and non-GCB subgroups. The 5-year overall survival and 5-year progression-free survival rates were compared between the GCB and non-GCB groups, and among the cases with different immunohistochemical expression or with different IPI.

RESULTSAmongst the 133 case studied, CD10 was expressed in 33.1%, while bcl-6 was positive in 34.6% and MUM1 in 45.1%. CD10 expression had a favorable impact on 5-year overall survival (P=0.041) and 5-year progression-free survival (P=0.031). On the other hand, bcl-6 expression had a favor able impact on 5-year progression-free survival (P=0.044). Expression of MUM1 carried an adverse effect on 5-year overall survival (P=0.031) and 5-year progression-free survival (P=0.028). GCB immunophenotype was demonstrated in 40.6% of the cases, while 59.4% showed a non-GCB profile. GCB DLBCL had a significantly longer 5-year overall survival (P=0.004) and 5-year progression-free survival (P=0.003), as compared with the non-GCB group. When dividing the cases into two groups according to their IPI score (IPI=0 to 1 and IPI=2 to 5), it turned out that the 5-year overall and progression-free survival rates of the GCB group were significantly higher than those of the non-GCB group (P=0.019 and 0.014 respectively in cases with IPI of 0 to 1 and P=0.006 and 0.009 respectively in cases with IPI of 2 to 5). The non-GCB cases with a IPI of 2 to 5 had the poorest prognosis.

CONCLUSIONDLBCL subgrouping by immunohistochemistry and analysis of the subgrouping with IPI is feasible and useful in predicting clinical outcome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; B-Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germinal Center ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; classification ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective：This study was designed to explore the mechanism of inhibition of proliferation induced by arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and homoharringtonine in neuroblastoma. Method：Methy thiazoloyl tetrazolium (MTT) methods and analysis of apoptosis were used to evaluate the effect of As2O3 and homoharringtonine on the proliferation of NB cell lines and their mechanisms. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry techniques were used in NB cell lines treated with As2O3 and HHT to determine N-myc mRNA and protein expression. Results：Both As2O3 and HHT can significantly inhibit the proliferation of neuroblastoma cell lines and induce apoptosis of SJ-N-SH and IMR-32 cells. In As2O3 treated cell line, at transcription and protein level, N-myc expression is up-regulated at first and then down-regulated to a lower level. HHT can down-regulate N-myc protein. Conclusion：N-myc may play some roles in apoptosis induced by As2O3 and HHT, but the mechanisms initiating N-myc gene may be different.

Objective To investigate the mandibular bone mineral density(BMD)change of senile osteoporosis patients and the relationship between the mandible bone loss and systemic bone loss.Methods Forty senile osteoporotic patients(group A),40 non-osteoporosis control elders(group B)and 40 healthy youths(group C)were included in this study.Standard digital panoramic tomography(SDPTG)was taken for each participant.Cortical width(CW),panoramic mandibular index(PMI),alveolar bone density and alveolar bone height were measured on the SDPTG.Lumbar and hip BMD were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry(DXA).Results Close relationship was found between CW(3.57±0.82)and systemic BMD for osteoporosis patients(P＜0.05).All the SDPTG indices including CW,PMI,alveolar bone density and alveolar bone height were different for osteoporosis patients from the healthy youths(P＜0.05).The osteoporosis patients had thinner CW(3.57±0.82)and smaller PMI(0.29±0.06)than non-osteoporosis control elders(CW:4.07±0.75,PMI:0.32±0.07,P＜0.05).The alveolar bone density (105.40±20.48)and alveolar bone height(10.42±1.82)of the non-osteoporosis control elders reduced compared with the healthy youths(alveolar bone density:117.10±22.23,alveolar bone height:11.69±1.63,P＜0.05).Conclusions The senile osteoporotic patients had significant mandibular cortical bone loss.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of various types of mature T-cell and natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma in Guangdong, China, with respect to the 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms.

METHODSEleven hundred and thirty-seven (1137) cases of mature T-cell or NK/T-cell lymphoma diagnosed during the period from 2002 to 2006 in Guangzhou area were retrieved. The clinical data, histologic features and immunohistochemical findings were reviewed by a panel of experienced hematopathologists. Additional immunostaining was performed if indicated. The cases were re-classified according to the 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms.

RESULTSNine hundred and sixty-three (963) cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of mature T-cell or NK/T-cell lymphoma and accounted for 20.1% of all cases of lymphoma encountered during the same period (963/4801). A predominance of extranodal involvement was noted in 644 cases (66.9%), while 319 cases (33.1%) showed mainly nodal disease. The prevalence of various lymphoma subtypes was as follows: peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTCL, NOS) 293 cases (30.4%), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type 281 cases (29.2%), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) 198 cases (20.6%), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT) 46 cases (4.8%). The male-to-female ratio was 1.99. The median age of the patients was 44 years, with the peak age of PTCL, NOS, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type and AILT being 55 to 64 years, 25 to 54 years and 65 to 74 years, respectively. ALK-positive ALCL occurred more frequently in young age, while the ALK-negative ALCL cases occurred mainly in the elderly.

CONCLUSIONSExtranodal lesions predominate in mature T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomas occurring in Guangzhou area. There is a male predominance and the overall incidence shows no increasing trend with age of the patient. The peak age of various subtypes however varies. The most common subtype was PTCL, NOS, followed by extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, ALCL and AILT. The relatively frequent occurrence of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type in Guangdong area is likely associated with the high incidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection there.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Infant ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; World Health Organization ; Young Adult