Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Asparaginase ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Drug Administration Routes ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy

Objective To compare and evaluate the effect of PBL in clinical teaching of Pediatrics.Methods Among students of Grade 2002 in our university,two types of PBL,pre-learning and case-discussion,were used in their clinical learning of Pediatrics. And then,their effects were evaluated and compared with those of traditional learning method.Results More than 60% of the students agreed with PBL methods,and they considered PBL favorable to practice scientific logical thinking of clinical affairs,to increase their capabilities of learning,oral expression,communication and cooperation.The teachers agreed with PBL methods too for the better learning effect resulting from PBL.Conclusion PBL fits the needs of medical learning reformation.To train new type of doctors in century 21st,it is necessary to use kinds of new learning methods,including PBL methods and standardized patient (SP)in clinical teaching.

Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Cytochromes ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis ; enzymology ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo study the survival and developmental morphology of Parachlamydia (BN9) within Acanthamoeba.

METHODSThe morphology of BN9 within Acanthamoeba was studied by inverted phase contrast microscope, electron microscope, Gimenez and AO-staining with amoebal co-culture.

RESULTSThe endosomal maturation-blocked were formed after the egress of BN9. Two developmental stages-elementary and reticulate bodies, were both observed within the vacuoles. The reticulate bodies, multiplicated by binary fission, were located mainly within the vacuoles, while the elementary bodies can also be located in the plasma individually. The naked cluster particles were observed after the trophozoites cytolysis with Gimenez-staining. The light infectious trophozoites could encyst, and elementary bodies could survive within the mature cysts.

CONCLUSIONThe egress of BN9 could form the endosomal maturation-blocked, which was presented in two developmental stages-elementary and reticulate bodies. It exhibited the cytolysin activity that could lyse the infectious trophozoites and were expelled in the vesicles. A few light infected amoeba could encyst with survival elementary bodies in the plasma.

Acanthamoeba ; microbiology ; ultrastructure ; Animals ; Chlamydiales ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Coculture Techniques ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; ultrastructure ; Life Cycle Stages ; Microscopy, Electron

OBJECTIVETo characterize DNA-PKcs and Ku70 expressions in hepato- and cholangio-neoplastic tissues and the association with the degree of malignancy and invasiveness of the tumors.

METHODSThe expression of DNA-PKcs and Ku70 was examined in 47 cases of hepato- or cholangio-neoplasm by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSKu70 was expressed in all of the neoplastic tissues examined and with a little variation in levels. The highest expression was observed in adenocarcinomas and adenomas. There was no statistically significant association between Ku70 expression level and the degree of their malignancy extent or invasiveness. In contrast to Ku 70, a wide variation in expression levels of DNA-Pkcs was observed among different types of neoplastic tissues. The highest ratio of positive expressing cells was detected in hepatocellular carcinomas (92.1%), which was significantly higher than that in cholangioadeno carcinomas (65.3%) and biliary cystadenocarcinomas (51.9%). Low or no expression level was detected in papillary adenoma cases. DNA-PKcs expression of invasive adenomas and adeno-carcinomas (61.2%) was significantly higher than that of non-invasive adenomas and adeno-carcinomas (30.4%). There was no expression observed in the normal tissues adjacent to the tumors.

CONCLUSIONDNA-PKcs is expressed in hepato- and cholangio-neoplasms and its variable level of expression is associated with the types of the tumor and their degree of malignancy and invasiveness. DNA-PKcs could be recognized as a new biomarker for liver neoplasm.

Adenocarcinoma ; enzymology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, Nuclear ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; enzymology ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; enzymology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; enzymology ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Ku Autoantigen ; Liver Neoplasms ; enzymology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and its relationship with mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression and microsatellite instability (MSI) in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).

METHODSA total of 28 cases of colorectal adenoma and 14 cases of colorectal carcinoma were collected between July 2003 and July 2007 from 33 HNPCC families. Sporadic colorectal adenoma (n=32) and carcinoma patients (n=24) served as controls. With samples of tumor tissues and normal colonic mucosa collected from the patients, the protein expressions of COX-2 and MMR (hMLH1, hMSH2, and hMSH6) were examined with immunohistochemical assay. Frequency of MSI in five standard MSI loci BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, and D17S250 were analyzed by means of polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSThe rate of COX-2 high-expression was 53.6% (15/28) and 42.9% (6/14) in HNPCC adenoma and carcinoma; 62.5% (20/32) and 91.7% (22/24) in sporadic adenoma and carcinoma, respectively. That rate was lower in HNPCC carcinoma than in sporadic carcinoma (Pü0.05). MMR-deletion rate and percentage of high-frequency MSI (MSI-H) in HNPCC carcinoma were higher than those in sporadic colorectal carcinoma [both 71.4% (10/14) vs. 12.5% (3/24), both Pü0.01]. Among the 10 MMR-deficient HNPCC carcinoma patients, COX-2 low-expression was observed in 8 cases (80.0%), while COX-2 high-expression was observed in all of the 4 MMR-positive HNPCC carcinoma cases (Pü0.05). In comparison to MMR positive HNPCC carcinoma, HNPCC adenoma, and sporadic carcinoma, COX-2 expression was significantly lower in corresponding MMR-deficient cases (all Pü0.05). The rates of COX-2 low-expression in HNPCC adenoma, HNPCC carcinoma, and sporadic carcinoma with MSI-H were significantly higher than those in the cases with microsatellite stability (all Pü0.05).

CONCLUSIONCOX-2 is expressed at a low level in HNPCC carcinoma, different from the high COX-2 expression in sporadic carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Base Pair Mismatch ; Base Sequence ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ; genetics ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; genetics ; DNA Primers ; DNA Repair ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Middle Aged

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Middle Aged ; Police ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the enhanced magnification endoscopy in the diagnosis of Barrett esophagus,and to explore the relationship between mucosal surface patterns and pathological epithelial types of Barrett esophagus.Methods Enhanced magnification endoscopy was performed 'after spraying 2%-3% acetic acid on the surface of distal esophagus in 40 Barrett esophagus patients.Mucosal specimen were biop- syed.Results According to the mucosal types of Toyoda in 2003,there were three mucosal types:Ⅰ dot pat- tern 7(17.5%),5 of 7(71.4%)fundie type,Ⅱ reticular pattern 24(60.0%),16 of 24(66.7%)fundic type,Ⅲ cerebroid/villous 9(22.5%),intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia.Conclusion Enhanced magnifi- cation endoscopy helps to identify areas with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia,and is useful in the diagno- sis of Barrett esophagus.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between postmortem interval and the myofibril fragmentation index of skeletal muscle. METHODS: Rabbit skeletal muscle were left in the room temperature for different postmortem intervals, and the protein concentration of each sample was detected by using biuret method. Furthermore, the myofibril fragmentation index of each sample was measured under the protein concentration level of 0.5 mg/mL. RESULTS: The myofibril fragmentation index increased obviously according to the postmortem interval prolongation. CONCLUSION The myofibril fragmentation index may be used on the estimation of early postmortem interval.
Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; Female ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism* ; Myofibrils/metabolism* ; Postmortem Changes ; Proteins/metabolism* ; Rabbits ; Spectrophotometry ; Time Factors

Objective：This study was designed to explore the mechanism of inhibition of proliferation induced by arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and homoharringtonine in neuroblastoma. Method：Methy thiazoloyl tetrazolium (MTT) methods and analysis of apoptosis were used to evaluate the effect of As2O3 and homoharringtonine on the proliferation of NB cell lines and their mechanisms. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry techniques were used in NB cell lines treated with As2O3 and HHT to determine N-myc mRNA and protein expression. Results：Both As2O3 and HHT can significantly inhibit the proliferation of neuroblastoma cell lines and induce apoptosis of SJ-N-SH and IMR-32 cells. In As2O3 treated cell line, at transcription and protein level, N-myc expression is up-regulated at first and then down-regulated to a lower level. HHT can down-regulate N-myc protein. Conclusion：N-myc may play some roles in apoptosis induced by As2O3 and HHT, but the mechanisms initiating N-myc gene may be different.