Background and purpose:Antracycline combined with paclitaxel is more widely applied in breast cancer as neoadjuvant chemotherapy.There are differences in applications of different paclita~els.In this research,the efficacy and toxicity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with ET,ED regimen were compared for the patients with stageⅢbreast cancer.Methods:64 cases of stageⅢbreast cancer patients were divided in two groups.Before surgery,one group had received ET(EPI ivgtt 60 mg/m~2 d_1?21,PTX ivgtt 175 mg/m~2 d_2?21),the other group had received ED(EPI ivgtt 60 mg/m~2 d_2?21,DOC ivgtt 75 mg/m~2 d_2?21)neoadjuvant chemotherapy for three weeks. Curative effect and side effects were evaluated after 2-4 cycles.Results:Total effective rate was 87.5%.Effective rate in ED group was 92.9%,and effective rate in ET group was 83.5%.There was no significant difference(P=0.253).In pCR cases,8 cases in ED group achieved pathologically complete response compared to 3 cases in ET group(P=0.033). The number of patients in ED group(24 cases)hadⅣ-Ⅴgrade pathology evaluation after chemotherapy,it was higher than that in ET patients(21 cases).There was a significant difference(P=0.017).In both groups side effects including hair loss,nausea and vomiting,liver dysfunction were similar.Incidence rate of peripheral neurotoxicity in ET group was higher than that in ED group(P=0.002).Incidence rates of leukopenia,skin rash and phlebitis in ED group were higher than that in ET group.There was a significant difference between two groups in the leukopenia(P=0.034). Conclusions:For the patients with stageⅢbreast cancer patients,both two regimens could achieve better curative effect.ET and ED regimen have similar effect.But in ED regimen,the number ofpCR cases was obviously higher than in ET group.In both groups side effects were similar.There were significant differences in terms of leukopenia and peripheral neurotoxicity,but the side effects could be tolerated.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of omeprazole on platelet response to clopidogrel and the effect of polymorphisms of CYP2C19 on the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel.

METHODSPlatelet aggregation (PA) was assessed before 300 mg aspirin plus 300 mg loading dose of clopidogrel and after 300 mg aspirin plus 75 mg maintenance dose of clopidogrel 7 days later in 414 patients with acute coronary syndrome who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Thereafter, gastric mucosal protective drugs were given (omeprazolem 20 mg, n=224 or cimetidine 800 mg, n=190). Fourteen days later, PA was measured again. Genotypes of CYP2C19*2 were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

RESULTSAfter taken aspirin and clopidogrel, PA has decreased significantly in both groups. Compared with cimetidine, omeprazole had no significant impact on PA on 7 and 21 days post PCI. Compared with homozygotes or heterozygotes for the wild-type CYP2C19*2, patients with CYP2C19*2 AA genotype had significantly higher PA on 7 and 21 days post PCI (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONNo attenuating effect on platelet response to clopidogrel has been observed for Omeprazole. The variant of CYP2C19*2 AA genotype is significantly associated with attenuated response to clopidogrel.

Adult ; Aged ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Omeprazole ; pharmacology ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Ticlopidine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo introduce the technique of minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screws osteosynthesis (MIPPSO) and compare the preliminary clinical outcomes of the treatment of thoraco-lumbar vertebra fracture with traditional open pedicle screws osteosynthesis (TOPSO).

METHODSUsing the "C" arm fluoroscopic guidance, the pedicle screws were put through new-designed instrumentation and inserted percutaneously with fifty cases of thoraco-lumbar vertebra fracture. Semi-Laminectomy were made in the heavy-occupation side through the incision of 4 cm. Vertebroplasty were made through pedicle of disease vertebrae. perioperative parameter and the index of image were compared with the treatment of traditional open pedicle screws osteosynthesis in other fifty cases.

RESULTSThe consumed time of operation in the MIPPSO group and the TOPSO group made no significant difference (P >0.05), but the length of incision, injury of paraspinal muscles, bleeding of operation, drain of postoperation, pain of postoperation, spending time of hospitalization were all significantly different between the two group (P <0.05). Each group compared to itself between preoperation and postoperation, the vertebral height, the height of intervertebral disk, Cobb's angle and the occupation index of vertebral canal were all significantly different (P <0.05). however compared to each other, whether preoperation or postoperation, there were not significant different in the index of image (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe technique of minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screws osteosynthesis (MIPPSO) has the advantages of simple manipulation, safety, small trauma, less bleeding, light pain, quickly recovery and short hospitalization time.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; methods ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; instrumentation ; methods ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To establish the feasibility of performing an endoscopic anterior approach for upper cervical spine in a clinical setting.Methods Application of this method on 13 Chinese cadavers was conducted to verify the practicability of this technique.Anatomic data were obtained by measuring the anterior cervical specimens,and anatomic observation was conducted in the neighboring structure through below the su- perior thyroid artery.Results The superior thyroid vascular-nerve plexus was neighbor to the puncture can- nula.But there has a quite large distance between the hypoglossal,the glossopharyngeal,the lingual artery, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the puncture cannula.There has enough space between the posterior wall of the pharynx and the prevertebral fascia to put the MDE canuula.Conclusion This ca- daver and clinical study demonstrates that an endoscopic anterior approach to the upper cervical spine is safe and feasible,and can be a valid alternative to the conventional transoral approach.

OBJECTIVETo study the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status through heterosexual transmission in Yining city and to provide information on effective intervention measures.

METHODSCohort of HIV sero-discordant couples identified from 1997 to 2000 was formed. Proportional risk model was used to analyze the time of HIV sero-conversion and the related factors. All the recruiters were under informed consent.

RESULTSThrough following on 22 sero-discordant couples, we found that the incidence density (ID) of HIV sero-conversion was 32.49/100 person-year (PY) with 33.74/100 PY for women. In the proportional hazard model, the course of sero-conversion was only 2.43 years and the frequency of sexual contact was statistically significant (>or= 3 times/week vs. < 3 time/week: RR = 1.984, 95% CI: 1.045 - 3.767), indicating this factor was related to the hazard of HIV sero-conversion. However, the viral load of HIV infections has no such effect on HIV sero-conversion of their spouses. In addition, the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) was lower in spouses of HIV sero-conversion than that in spouses of HIV non-sero conversion (t test: t = 4.77, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn order to control HIV transmission among general population, we suggested that HIV/AIDS counseling and testing be developed for pre-marital people in the region with high HIV prevalence.

Blotting, Western ; China ; epidemiology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; HIV ; immunology ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral ; epidemiology ; immunology

BACKGROUNDLive attenuated hepatitis A vaccine (H2 strain) is widely applied in prevention of hepatitis A epidemic in China and other countries now. It is essential to observe and confirm the vaccine immune efficacy, population antibody level and its persistent efficacy after mass immunization.

METHODSA total of 220 children with negative anti-HAV antibody (aged 1 - 3 years) were taken for follow-up assay to observe seroconversion and geometric mean titre (GMT) level 2 months, 12 months, 6 years, and 10 years after inoculation. Another survey sampled from subjects of different age groups (3, 6, 9, 15, 18, 25 and 35 years) to compare anti-HA antibody positive rate before and after inoculation performed 10 years previously. Epidemiological observations were taken for 10 years to evaluate the relationship between vaccine coverage and hepatitis A morbidity. Serum antibody to HAV was detected by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA, calibrated by WHO international reference) and ABBOTT Axsym HAVAB microparticle enzyme immunoassay.

RESULTSSeroconversion in follow-up assay 2 months and 10 years after inoculation was 98.6% and 80.2% respectively. For children, the vaccination anti-HA antibody positive rates were significantly different before and after 10 years, 7.69% cf 70.45% (aged 3 years) and 52.58% cf 71.78% (aged 18 years). When vaccine coverage rose from 57% to 74%, there were no any HA epidemics. When vaccine coverage reached 85%, there were no any HA cases. With vaccine coverage between 85% and 91%, there were no any HA cases in cohorts from the age of 1 year to 15 years during the 10 years.

CONCLUSIONSLive attenuated hepatitis A vaccine has an obvious long-term effectiveness in prevention and control of HA epidemics through mass vaccination.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis A ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; immunology ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; blood ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Mass Vaccination ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; immunology

Objective To evaluate the long-term immunogencity and effectiveness of live attenuated hepatitis A (HA) vaccine (H2 strain) after one dose injection, through a 15 years' follow up observation. Methods A total of 220 children with negative anti-HAV antibody (aged 1-3 y)were involved and followed up in Jiaojiang district, Taizhou city, Zhejiang province. Indicators would include seroconversion and geometric meantiter(GMT) levels after inoculation the vaccine with single dose at 2 m, 12 m, 6 years, 10 years and 15 years. Epidemiological observation was carried out within the 15 years to evaluate the relationship between vaccine coverage, the incidence of HA and the overall effectiveness. In the studied population, serum was tested by ELISA(calibrated by WHO international reference) and ABBOTT Axsym HAVAB mEIA. Results Seroconversion rates were found to be 98.6% and 81.3% after 2 months and 15 years of inoculation and slowly decreased. GMT level was 128 mIU/ml after 15 years, significantly higher than the required protective level of 20 mIU/ml,recommended by WHO experts. Effectiveness through the 15-year follow up program showed a significant correlation between vaccine coverage and incidence of HA in 1-15 years aged group (Kendall-Rank test, t =-0.931, P＜0.01). There was no HA case seen among the observed accumulated 236 413 person-year vaccines, compared to 4 HA cases discovered in the 27 206 personyear of the non-vaccinees. The overall protective rate reached 100%. Through a mass vaccination program on children, the whole population established an immune-defence to enable the incidence of HA decreased by 96.7%. Conclusion The long-term immunogencity and effectiveness of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine (H2 strain) after one dose injection could last as long as 15 years.

OBJECTIVESTo report a new index (the SC-line) and a new classification for predicting of postoperative spinal cord decompression after cervical laminoplasty.

METHODSFrom March 2008 to August 2009, MRI images of 25 patients treated with cervical laminoplasty were retrospectively studied. Using T2-weighted images of the cervical spine, point A was anterior point of the spinal cord at inferior endplate level of cranial compressed vertebra. Point B was anterior point of the spinal cord at superior endplate level of caudal compressed vertebra. The SC-line was defined as a line that connects A and B. Posterior surface of compressor at compression level did not exceed the line in Type I, connected the line in Type II, and exceeded it in Type III. Twenty-five patients who underwent cervical laminoplasty were classified into 3 groups according to the SC-line classification. The posterior shift of the spinal cord after the posterior decompression procedure was evaluated by using a modified gradation of degree of anterior spinal cord compression by MRI finding. The relationship between the degree of anterior spinal cord compression after surgery and the SC-line types were analyzed.

RESULTSPreoperative cervical SC-line classification showed high correlations to the degree of spinal cord decompression. There were 3.82 ± 0.39 points in Type I before surgery, 3.90 ± 0.32 points in Type II, and 4.00 ± 0.00 points in Type III, respectively. After surgery, there were 1.15 ± 0.50 points in Type I, 2.70 ± 0.48 points in Type II, and 3.50 ± 0.55 points in Type III, respectively. Significant differences were found between each Type (F = 42.49, P < 0.01; Type I vs. Type II: P < 0.01; Type I vs. Type III: P < 0.01; Type II vs. Type III: P = 0.038).

CONCLUSIONSC-line can be used to predict the degree of postoperative spinal cord decompression following cervical laminoplasty.

Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; pathology ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; Female ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Compression ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical outcome of the percutaneous versus open pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture with neurological intact.

METHODSSixty patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture without neurological deficit underwent either percutaneous (n = 30) or traditional open pedicle screw fixation (n = 30). Radiographs obtained before surgery, immediately after surgery, 4 months and 2 years after surgery were used to access the restoration of spinal anatomy. Also, operation time, blood loss, blood drainage, hospital stay and soft tissue dissection were evaluated. The level of pain was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS), function by the Oswestry questionnaire.

RESULTSThe average followed up was 2 years. There were no significant differences between both groups concerning age, sex, cause of injury and the presence of other severe injuries. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in blood loss, blood drainage, hospital stay and soft tissue dissection (P < 0.01), whereas no significant differences in operation time (P > 0.05). The vertebral height, the kyphosis angle, and the occupation of spinal canal after surgery and at follow-up were not significantly (P > 0.05). The pain systems and functions were similar in both groups at final follow-up (P > 0.05), however, less pain was found in the percutaneous group than that in the open group at the first 3 months after surgery (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPercutaneous pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fracture has the advantage of less trauma, quickly recovery and better esthetic outcome, however, it has the same results with the traditional open produce after 2 years of surgery.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impacts of three different surgical approaches to urethral stricture on the erectile function of the patients.

METHODSThis study included 126 male patients with urethral stricture, 35 treated by substitution urethroplasty (group A), 52 by anastomotic urethroplasty (group B), and 39 by internal urethroplasty (group C). We evaluated the pre- and postoperative erectile function of the patients using IIEF-5 scores by telephone calls and interviews. We also monitored their nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT).

RESULTSThe IIEF-5 scores in groups A, B and C were 13.5 +/- 4.5, 11.1 +/- 4.8 and 14.5 +/- 4.41 respectively after surgery, all significantly decreased as compared with 17.1 +/- 2.6, 17.1 +/- 3.0 and 17.6 +/- 2.2 preoperatively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAll the three surgical approaches can reduce IIEF-5 scores in patients with urethral stricture, but anastomotic urethroplasty may induce a higher incidence of erectile dysfunction than the other two approaches.

Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penile Erection ; physiology ; Urethral Stricture ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male ; methods ; Young Adult