Adult ; Aged ; Chlorine ; poisoning ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; complications ; Humans ; Obesity ; complications ; Prognosis ; Retinitis Pigmentosa ; complications ; Skin ; pathology ; Syndrome

This paper discusses the relationship between stimulating pulse width and the threshold of electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP). Firstly, the rheobase and chronaxy from strength-duration curve of nerve fiber was computed using the shepherd's experiment results. Secondly, based on the relationship between ECAP and the action potential of nerve fiber, a mathematical expression to describe the relationship between stimulating pulse width and ECAP threshold was proposed. Thirdly, the parameters were obtained and the feasibility was proved to the expression with the results of experiment using guinea pigs. Research result showed that with ECAP compared to the action potential of nerve fiber, their threshold function relationship with stimulating pulse width was similar, and rheobase from the former was an order smaller in the magnitude than the latter, but the chronaxy was close to each other. These findings may provide meaningful guidance to clinical ECAP measurement and studying speech processing strategies of cochlear implant.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Auditory Threshold ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Electricity ; Evoked Potentials ; Guinea Pigs ; Neural Conduction

Objective To evaluate the clinical application and safety of CT-guided pereutaneous transthoracic biopsy in the diagnosis of mediastinal masses.Methods Thirty three cases were undertaken CT- guided percutaneous transthoraeie biopsy with automatic biopsy gun and then the sampling specimens were undergone histological examination.The accuracy of puncture,diagnostic correctness and complications were analyzed.Results The operations were performed successfully in all 33 cases(100%),the definite pathologic diagnosis were made in 28 out of 33 cases(85%)and no complications occurred.Conclusion As for midiastinal masses,CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic biopsy is a feasible,successful,efficient interventional diagnostic method with high accuracy in localization,puncture,diagnosis and few complications, which should he recommended in clinical use more widely.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:852-854)

Objective To analyze the heterogeneous variation of serum free fatty acid (FFA) and lipids during early second trimester in women with or without uterine artery notch in pre-eclampsia (PE).Methods This is a prospective cohort study of 4 000 women with singleton pregnancies registered in early pregnancy and in whom regular check-ups were performed in Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital.Blood specimens were collected at gestational age 14-18 weeks at the same time of screening for Down's syndrome.One hundred and one cases with early diastolic notch of the uterine artery were included in the N+ group,and 172 cases without notch but at high risk of PE were included in the N-group at 22-24 weeks.In addition,205 women who were selected randomly at a ratio of 1 ∶ 5,without notch or PE high-risk factors,were also included in the N group.Both groups were subgrouped according to the outcomes of pregnancy complications:early-onset PE group EPE,late-onset PE (LPE),gestational hypertension (GH) group,gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group with normal blood pressure,and no complications (NC) group.The variation in FFA and other lipid metabolism indicators in the PE subgroups were compared and analyzed by two independent-sample t-test,one-factor analysis of variance,Chi-square test (or Fisher's exact) and Logistic regression.Results History of PE and pre-hypertension at first visit differed significantly between the N+ and N-groups [3.9％ (4/101) vs.0.8％ (3/377),x2=5.52,P＜0.05; pre-hypertension at first visit,42.2％ (43/101) vs.25.7％ (97/377),x2=10.91,P＜0.05].In the N+ group,23.8％ (n=24) of women had PE,of which 37.5％ (n=8) were early onset.In the N group,2.1％ (n=8) had PE,and all were late onset.The incidence of PE differed significantly between the N+ and N-groups (x2=59.72,P＜0.05).In the N+ group,FFA gradually decreased among the ePE,IPE,GH and NC groups [(0.68±0.27),(0.58±0.21),(0.57±0.21) and (0.49±0.19) mmol/L,F=2.78,P＜0.05]; Multivariate regression analysis showed that FFA (OR=135.68,95％CI:3.78-4 873.00) and PE history (OR=123.25,95％CI:9.27-i 638.00) were risk factors of ePE.Pre-hypertension at registration (OR=4.69,95％CI:2.08-10.58) and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) 24-28 (OR=3.69,95％CI:1.26-10.83) were risk factors ofGH.FFA (OR=9.08,95％CI:2.49-33.01) and pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 28 (OR=5.08,95％CI:2.16-11.92) were risk factors for GDM.Conclusions Serum FFA and TG levels in early second trimester are correlated with PE,especially the early-onset PE.The onset of PE is heterogeneous and affected by many factors,and occurs in patients with or without early diastolic notch of the uterine artery in the second trimester.Patients with notch are more likely to have early-onset PE,which is correlated with blood FFA and TG levels.

Objective To investigate the changes of fatty acid oxidase in the placenta of preeclampsia cases with different clinical features, and the relationship with oxidative stress and inflammatory response. To study the correlation of serum free fatty acid (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) level in early second trimester with the molecular changes of the long-chain fatty acid oxidase in the third trimester. Methods This was prospective cohort study, in which cases with singleton pregnancies who archived in Haidian Maternal and Children′s Hospital, Beijing, from January 1st 2012 to May 31st, with regular prenatal care were included. Doppler ultrasound was used for screening for the presence of early diastolic notch of uterine artery at 22-24 weeks of gestation. All the 101 cases with the early diastolic notch of uterine artery were included as the notch group, and 377 cases without the early diastolic notch of uterine artery were included as the non-notch group. The perinatal outcomes and the incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy of the two groups were observed. The serum level of FFA and TG was tested, and the mRNA and protein expression of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD), P47-phox subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase α (p38MAPK-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were detected using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. The relationship between serum level of FFA and TG and the mRNA and protein expression of LCHAD, NADPH P47-phox,p38MAPK-α and COX-2 of the placental tissue specimens were analyzed. Results (1) In the notch group, there were 9 cases of early-onset preeclampsia,15 cases of late-onset preeclampsia and 10 cases of gestational hypertension;and there were 8 cases of late-onset preeclampsia and 18 cases of gestational hypertension in the non-notch group. 15 cases with normal blood pressure in each group were randomly selected as the control group.(2)The serum level of TG of cases of early-onset preeclampsia, late-onset preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in the notch group were(2.0±0.8),(1.8±0.6)and (1.9±0.7)mmol/L, and that of FFA were(0.68±0.26),(0.52±0.10)and(0.52±0.17)mmol/L, respectively. The serum level of TG of cases of late-onset preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in the non-notch group were(1.6±0.6)and(1.4±0.4)mmol/L, and that of FFA were(0.49±0.11)and(0.48±0.05)mmol/L, respectively. The serum level of TG and FFA in the control group were(1.4±0.5)and(0.52±0.06)mmol/L, respectively. The TG level of the notch group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The FFA level of the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was higher than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).(3) The mRNA expression of LCHAD in the placenta of early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly lower than that of the late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and the control group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of NADPH P47-phox of the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group were significantly higher than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and the control group(P<0.01). The mRNA expression of p38MAPK-α of the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group were significantly higher than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and the control group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of COX-2 of the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group were significantly higher than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and the control group (P<0.01).(4)The protein expression of LCHAD in the placenta of early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group and gestational hypertension in the notch group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01); and the protein expression of LCHAD in the placenta of early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly lower than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group (P<0.01). The protein expression of NADPH P47-phox in the placenta of early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly higher than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and control group (P<0.05). The protein expression of p38MAPK-α in the placenta of early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly higher than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and control group (P<0.01). The protein expression of COX-2 in the placenta of early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, gestational hypertension in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group, and gestational hypertension in the non-notch group, were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01).(5)The blood concentration of maternal FFA in the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly negatively correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of placental LCHAD (r=-0.810,-0.932,P<0.01). There was no correlation between maternal TG level and the mRNA and protein expression of placental LCHAD in each group(P> 0.05).(6)The mRNA expression of placental LCHAD in the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly negatively correlated with the mRNA expression of placental NADPH P47-phox and COX-2 (r=- 0.877,-0.762, P<0.05). The mRNA expression of placental LCHAD in the control group was significantly negatively correlated with the mRNA expression of placental COX-2 (r=- 0.565, P<0.01). The protein expression of placental LCHAD in the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly negatively correlated with the protein expression of NADPH P47-phox (r=- 0.818, P<0.01). The protein expression of placental LCHAD in the control group was significantly negatively correlated with the protein expression of COX-2 (r=- 0.502,P<0.01). Conclusions The placental mRNA and protein expression of long-chain fatty acid oxidation enzymes were different in different clinical features of preeclampsia, which were reduced more obviously in the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group than that of the late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, and were negatively correlated with the elevated serum FFA level, significantly enhanced oxidative stress and inflammatory response, but with no correlation with serum TG level.

Objective To investigate the effect of frequency on osteoblast apoptosis induced by tensile strain.Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were applied with 1％ biaxial tensile strain at the frequency of 1,2,3,4,5 Hz,re spectively for 1 hour per day in 8 days.The survival rate of the cells was determined by activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).Annexin V-FITC/ PI Flow cytometry was used to test cell apoptosis.Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the gene level of apoptosis markers caspase-3,-9 as well as Bcl-2 and Bax,and Western blotting was used to test protein expressions of caspase-3,-9.Results Different loading frequencies had no effect on osteoblast activity of LDH.There was no significant difference in the total apoptosis rate of flow cytometry at different frequencies.However,the frequency of 2 Hz could induce early osteoblast apoptosis.Tensile strain at the frequency of 2 Hz could significantly increase the expression of caspase-3,-9 gene and protein,and induce cell apoptosis with the up-regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2.Conclusions Osteoblast apoptosis and death cannot be induced by 1％ biaxial tensile strain at the frequency of 1-5 Hz,but the frequency of 2 Hz can induce the early apoptosis of osteoblasts by up-regulating the expression of Bax/BCI-2.

OBJECTIVETo find a kind of quick and effective haemostasis to decrease the mortality of severe bleeding.

METHODS18 severe bleeding patients with different cause received recombinant activated factor VIIa (rFVIIa) were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSOf total 18 cases with severe bleeding, 13 cases cured, 3 cases were effective, 2 cases ineffective. The total clinical effective rate is 88.89%. After using rFVIIa, the PT, APTT and fibrinogen level of 6 DIC patients returned to normal within 12 hours; 13 patients whose the amount of bleeding can be evaluated stopped bleeding quickly. The fastest onset time was 10 min.

CONCLUSIONrFVIIa can stanch severe bleeding for a variety of reasons rapidly and effectively, including coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and obstetric hemorrhage. Application of rFVIIa may decrease mortality, when conventional treatment is not valid.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; drug therapy ; Factor VIIa ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Based on our studies for more than 20 years, we review the recent advances in sulfur dioxide (SO2) biology. Three sections are involved: (1) The studies on SO2 toxicological effects and its underlying mechanisms; (2) The new investigations on SO2 donor and physiological role of SO2 as a new type-gas transmitter; (3) The observations on pathophysiologic roles of SO2.
Animals ; Humans ; Physiological Phenomena ; Sulfur Dioxide ; metabolism ; toxicity

Objective To study on the effects of Huaweishu granule on cisplatin-induced Beagle dog vomiting models and its mechanism.Methods Cisplatin-induced Beagle dog vomiting models were adopted as research object.The changes of vomiting frequency,latency,serum motilin content in the medulla oblongata and ileum,5-HT and substance P content of these models after using Hua weishu Granule were observed.Results ① Latent period of vomiting of the model group was (60.8±37.1)min; while this period was (137.3± 53.4)min,(122.8 ± 50.7) min,(l16.8±44.6)min,in the Huawei-shu low,medium and high dose group respectively,all showing a statistic difference than the model group (P＜0.05).②Frequency of vomiting in the model group was (270.3±51.8),while this frequence was (111.5±45.0) and (149.5±26.8) in Huawei-shu low and medium dose group respectively; ③ serum motilin in the model group was (0.354±0.098)ng/ml,while serum motilin in Huawei-shu low,medium and high dose group was (0.230±0.074) ng/ml,(0.235± 0.071) ng/ml,and (0.245± 0.062)ng/ml respectively,all lower than the model group (P＜ 0.05).④ Medulla oblongata 5-HT in the model group was (2.028 ±0.198)ng/ml,while medulla oblongata 5-HT in Huawei-shu low,medium and high dose group was (1.620±0.329)ng/ml,(1.194±0.386)ng/ml,and (1.269 ± 0.251) ng/ml respectively,all were lower than the model group (P＜0.05); ileum 5-HT in the model group was (1.634± 0.221)ng/ml,while ileum 5-HT in Huawei-shu low,medium and high dose group was (1.108±0.291)ng/ml,(1.194±0.386)ng/ml,and (1.269 ± 0.251) ng/ml respectively,all were lower than the model group(P＜0.05) ;⑤ ileal substance P content of the model group was (0.356±0.063)ng/ml,while ildeal P content in Huawei-shu low dose group was (0.274±0.064)ng/ml,lower than the model group than(P＜0.05).The medullary substance P content was (0.432±0.021)ng/ml in the model group,while medullary P content in Huawei-shu low,medium and high dose group was (0.370±0.040) ng/ml,(0.385±0.029) ng/ml,and (0.386± 0.041)ng/ml respectively,all were lower than the model group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Huawei-shu granule can prevent cisplatin-induced Beagle vomiting.