1.The latest research progress of torpor occurrence mechanism
Zi-yu ZHU ; Jian-wei JIANG ; Jian-jun ZHANG
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2021;56(6):1532-1536
Torpor refers to a state in which the metabolic activity in the body of the living animal is greatly reduced during the period of reduced food supply, which is manifested as a substantial decrease in body temperature, metabolic level, and exercise level. Mammals have a strict body temperature regulation system to maintain a constant body temperature. When the energy supply is insufficient for a long time, some mammals will enter a hibernation state. Torpor is very similar to the hibernation state. The research on the mechanism of torpor state is of great significance in aerospace, military medicine and other fields. This review summarizes the specific mechanisms regulating the occurrence of torpor from four aspects: adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (adcyap) neurons, leptin, pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide (QRFP) neurons, and sympathetic nervous system, aiming to provide ideas for further research on the mechanism of torpor.
2.Preventive effects of aldose reductase inhibitor AL-1576 on galactose cataract in rat
Yu-feng, ZHANG ; Jian, ZHOU ; Zi-feng, ZHANG ; Lu, LU
Chinese Journal of Experimental Ophthalmology 2012;30(6):495-499
Background Sugar cataract is one of the major diabetic complications in the eye,but there is not effective medicine to prevent or delay development of cataract. Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the effects and the potential mechanism of aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor,AL-1576 on prevention of galactose cataract in rats. Methods Forty-two SD rats were randomly and equally divided into 7 groups.The cataracts were induced by feeding with 50% galactose.At the day of feeding galactose and the day 5,10 and 15 after feeding galactose,AL-1576 was added into the feeds.The rats were divided AL-1576 prevention group and early-,intermediate-or late-stage intervention groups.For another group,the withdrawing AL-1576 group,AL-1576 was added into the feeds at the day of feeding galactose,then was removed after 10 days.The lenses of the rats were examined under the slit-lamp microscope before and after given AL-1576 every 5 days.At the day 35,the lenses were obtained.The wet and dry weight of the lenses were weighted,respectically,to calculate the water content of the lenses.Activities of AR and superoxidedismutase (SOD) and contents of glutathione (GSH) of the lenses were measured by their commercial detecting kits.The care and use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results In AL-1576 prevention group,all lenses maintained clear.Opacification of the lenses were significantly attenuated in all three AL-1576 intervention groups and withdrawing AL-1576 group compared with the cataractous model group ( P<0.05),but the inhibiting role was weaken with late intervention.The water contents and the activities of AR of the lenses were decreased,the contents of SOD and GSH were dramatically increased in all different AL-1576 treated groups compared with the cataractous model group (P<0.05).Moreover,AL-1576 prevention group showed the best effect on all indexes (P<0.05). Conclusions The activity of AR can be inhibited by AL-1576 at the different stages of development of cataract induced by galactose.By blocking and attenuating formation of the edema and elevating antioxdative capacity in the lenses,AL-1576 prevents and delays the formation of galactose cataract.
3.Application study of digital X-ray tissue equalization technique in the femoral neck injury
Jian-Ming YU ; Zi-Qiao LEI ; Ming YANG ;
Chinese Journal of Radiology 2001;0(08):-
Objective To evaluate the clinical application of digital radiography(DR)tissue equalization(TE)technique in the femoral neck injury.Methods TE technique and conventional photography were used to examine 50 patients suffering from injury of the femoral neck.The image quality was evaluated by three radiological experts who were blinded to the results.The image quality was divided into five levels.Results When the TE technique was used,38 perfect images were obtained and there was no unacceptable image,while the traditional methods resulted in 12 unacceptable images and no perfect image.The TE technique is superior to the conventional radiography significantly in the lateral photography of the femoral neck(P
4.Application of dextroscope system in clinical education of thyroid disease
Bao-yin LIU ; Wen LUO ; Cheng-yu LUO ; Jian ZHANG ; Chun-zi HAN ; Yu ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research 2011;10(9):1096-1098
Dextroscope workstation is an advanced equipment developed in recent years and isused to make virtual reality model.We not only used it in surgical planning of thyroid disease,but also applied it in clinic teaching.Application of Dextroscope virtual reality system can help to improve students'capabilities of clinical thoughts and clinical techniques,stimulate their learning interest,enlarge the knowledge,shorten learning curve and release the conflict in practice.Dextroscope system will push forward the progress of education reform,so it is worth spreading.
5.YZG-330 regulates the TRPM8 ion channel through the P38 MAPK signaling pathway to reduce body temperature in mice
Zi-yu ZHU ; Yuan-zhi YU ; Yue YUAN ; Jian-jun ZHANG
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2022;57(5):1336-1343
Preliminary research in our laboratory found that compound YZG-330 can reduce mouse body temperature, which could be blocked by adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) antagonist DPCPX. Based on the downstream signaling pathway of the A1R, the mechanism by which YZG-330 lowers body temperature was further studied. The pharmacodynamics of YZG-330 was evaluated by measuring the rectal temperature; expression of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel, the P38 protein and its phosphorylated form in mouse hypothalamic homogenate were detected by Western blotting. A Ca2+ fluorescent probe, Fluo-3AM, was added to cells to detect the effect of YZG-330 on the Ca2+ content of mouse hypothalamic cells. YZG-330 dose-dependently reduced the body temperature in mice, and the selective P38 inhibitor SB-203580 (20 mg·kg-1, i.p.) significantly inhibited the hypothermic effect of YZG-330. A TRPM8 antagonist 2 (0.1 μg per mouse, i.c.v.) markedly attenuated the hypothermic effect of YZG-330 (0.25 or 1 mg·kg-1, i.p.). YZG-330 (2 mg·kg-1, i.p.) significantly increased the phosphorylation of P38, an effect that could be attenuated by the A1R antagonist DPCPX (5 mg·kg-1, i.g.) in mouse hypothalamus. In addition, YZG-330 also prominently enhanced the expression of TRPM8, which could be blocked by SB-203580; YZG-330 (0.1-10 μmol·L-1) increased intracellular Ca2+ concetration in mouse hypothalamic cells in a dose-dependent manner, and was inhibited by the A1R inhibitor DPCPX (0.5 and 1 μmol·L-1) and TRPM8 antagonist 2 (1 μmol·L-1). In conclusion, YZG-330 exerts its hypothermic effect by activating the A1R to promote the phosphorylation of P38 protein and thereby up-regulating the expression and activity of the TRPM8 ion channel, resulting in increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration to stimulate mouse hypothalamus cells to down-regulate body temperature. All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
7.Effects of Astragaloside Ⅳ on Collagen of Myocardial Fibroblasts in Rats
Yu, CHEN ; Xian-feng, NING ; Jian-hua, CAO ; Zi-pu, LI
Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics 2007;22(7):553-555,558
Objective To investigate the dose- and time-effects of astragaloside Ⅳ(XGA) on collagen of myocardial fibroblasts in rats.Methods The myocardial fibroblasts of rats were separated by collagenase and trypsinase digestive method,and the cell culture system was established. After XGA in different concentrations and at different time points was administered in fibroblast culture systems,the mRNA expression levels of collagen,matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)-1,-2,-9,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1 and -2 were measured with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) test.Results After XGA administration with different doses and at different time points was adminstered,the gel electrophoresis product of RT-PCR in fibroblast culture system expressed the mRNA of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagens,MMP-1,-2,-9,TIMP-1 and -2;but the mRNA expression levels of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagens,TIMP-1 and -2 decreased and the mRNA expression levels of MMP-1,-2,and -9 increased compared to those before XGA administration;the mRNA expression of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagens,MMP-1,-2,-9,TIMP-1 and -2 decreased or increased gradually with the increase of doses and the prolonged time of XGA use.The mRNA expression levels of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagens,TIMP-1 and -2 were negatively related to the doses and action times of XGA(r=-0.927 to -0.637 P= 0 to 0.024);and the mRNA expression levels of MMP-1,-2 and -9 were positively related to the doses and action times of XGA(r=0.672 to 0.962 P=0 to 0.034).Conclusion XGA can markedly reduce the collagen formation of myocardial fibroblasts in rats,and its mechanisms are related to the inhibiting of collagen synthesis and the increase of collagen degradation.
8.Correlation between low tube voltage in dual source CT coronary artery imaging with image quality and radiation dose.
Zi-Qiao, LEI ; Ping, HAN ; Hai-Bo, XU ; Jian-Ming, YU ; Hong-Li, LIU
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Medical Sciences) 2014;34(4):616-20
The influence of low tube voltage in dual source CT (DSCT) coronary artery imaging on image quality and radiation dose and its application value in clinical practice were investigated. Totally, 300 cases of chest pain with low body mass index (BMI <18.5 kg/m(2)) subjected to DSCT coronary artery imaging were prospectively enrolled. The heart rate in all patients were greater than 65/min. The retrospective ECG gated scanning mode and simple random sampling method were used to assign the patients into groups A, B and C (n=100 each). The patients in groups A, B and C experienced 120-, 100-, and 80-kV tube voltage imaging respectively, and the image quality was evaluated. The CT volume dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded, and the effective dose (ED) was calculated in each group. The image quality scores and radiation doses in groups were compared, and the influence of tube voltage on image quality and radiation dose was analyzed. The results showed that the excellent rate of image quality in groups A, B and C was 95.69%, 94.72% and 96.33% respectively with the difference being not statistically significant among the three groups (P>0.05). The CTDIvol values in groups A, B and C were 51.35±12.21, 21.28±7.13 and 6.34±3.34 mGy, respectively, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). The ED values in groups A, B and C were 9.27±1.63, 4.56±2.29 and 2.29±1.69 mSv, respectively, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). It was suggested that for the patients with low BMI, the application of DSCT coronary artery imaging with low tube voltage can obtain satisfactory image quality, and simultaneously, significantly reduce the radiation dose.
9.Osteogenic effects of induced autologous endothelial cells on bone marrow stromal cells of rabbits in co-culture condition
Yuan SUN ; Hong LIN ; Zi-Zheng WU ; Yu CHEN ; Jian DONG ;
Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 2004;0(10):-
Objective To study the osteogenic effects of induced endothelial cell(EC)on bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)of rabbits in co-culture condition.Methods BMSCs were obtained from rabbits by density gradient centrifugation.The adhesive ceils were preserved to passage in culture.The cultured cells were divided into four groups:group A(BMSCs),group B(BMSCs osteogenic induction),group C(EC induction)and group D (co-culture of induced BMSCs and EC).The cell morphology,immunofluorescence,cell proliferation,alkaline pbosphatase(ALP)activity,osteocalcin synthesis were observed to determine the effects of induced autologous EC on the osteogenic potential and cellular compatibility of BMSCs.Results The immunochemical staining showed that the BMSCs were induced into EC in group C.The cellular compatibility of BMSCs and EC was good.The ALP activity and osteocalcin content were obviously higher in group D than in any other groups(P<0.05).The cell proliferation difference was not obvious between groups(P>0.05).Conclusions The cellular compatibility of induced osteoblasts and induced EC is perfect.The ECs can significantly increase the viability and ALP activity of induced osteoblasts.
10.Analysis of the survey result of the coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Hongya County of Sichuan Province in 2006
Liang, ZHANG ; Zhi-ming, YANG ; Zi-jiang, WU ; Zhi-yu, LUO ; Qiong, YAN ; Jian, ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Endemiology 2008;27(2):191-193
Objective To investigate the current status of coal-burning endemic fluorosis and the fluoride content in foods and drinking water in Hongya County,Sichuan Province.Methods Dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride were suveyed in children of 8~12 years old in two schools which repectively located in Gaomiao and Wawushan Town.The adults above 20 years old underwent clinical examination.At the same time,fifty adults above 20 years old in Garden Village were chosen to take forearm and calf X-ray films to find out the evidence of skeletal fluorosis.The content of fluoride in food such as bacon,corn,dry capsicum in Sanxing Village in Gaomiao Town and Futian Village in Wawushan Town as well as drinking water in five families in Sanxing Village were determined.Results The dental fluorosis rate of children was 40.76%(161/395),the dental fluorosis index was 0.86 in Gaomiao Town.The dental fluorosis rate of children was 14.36%(82/571),the dental fluorosis index was 0.31 in Wawushan Town.The medium value of the urine fluoride was 0.81 mg/L.ranged 0.16~3.89 mg/L.The positive rate oi the clinical examination of skeletal fluorosis was 5.27%(27/512),the X-rays detective rate was 4.00%(2/50).The medium value in bacon,corn,dry capsicum were 6.00,0.64,1.49 mg/kg.The averaged content of the fluoride in drinking water(0.14±0.06)mg/L of local household was within the eligible limitation.Conclusions It is currently a mild endemic disease in Hongya Country,its incidence is reduced apparently,pathogenetic environmental fluoride content is reduced.The main source of fluoride is from the preserved ham contaminated with fluoride,which is epidemiologically significant in endemic area of Hongya County.Defluoriding countermeasures should be taken in the endemic areas.