Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bile Duct Diseases ; diagnosis ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cytodiagnosis ; Cytological Techniques ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Diseases ; diagnosis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo study the identification method of Pterocephalus hookeri.

METHODThe microscopical, Physicochemical and TLC methods were used.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe convenient and effective identification methods for P. hookeri were established, which provide basis for its quality standard and development.

Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Magnoliopsida ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Pharmacognosy ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Purpose To explore the mutation characteristics of common driver genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its relationship with clinicopathological features.Methods Next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to detect the mutations of common driving genes such as EGFR, KRAS, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, MET, RET and HER-2 in 300 paraffin-embedded NSCLC tissues. Results In 300 patients with NSCLC, the mutation rates of EGFR, KRAS, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, MET, RET, HER-2 were 52.00％, 10.33％, 6.67％, 1.67％, 3.67％, 3.33％, 1.00％, and 2.33％, respectively. A case of EGFR 21 exon L858 R mutation was combined with LINCO1446-EGFR gene fusion. EGFR 20 th exon C797 S and T790 M existed in cis or trans form and merged with EGFR sensitive mutations in 1 case each. 3 cases of EGFR gene point mutation was associated with MET gene copy number amplification. EGFR mutations were more commonly detected in non-smoking women with lung adenocarcinoma (P<0.05).KRAS mutations were more commonly found in smoking men (P<0.05). ALK mutations were associated with age (P<0.05), and more commonly noted in patients younger than 60 years.ROS1 fusion mutations were associated with gender (P<0.05), more commonly detected in women. BRAF, MET, RET, and HER-2 gene mutations were not associated with gender, age, smoking, histological type, and c TNM stage. Conclusion EGFR can coexist with other driver gene mutations. Gene mutations and clinicopathological features like gender, age, smoking, and histological types have corresponding links. The incidence of BRAF, MET, RET, and HER-2 mutations is low, and its clinical significance remains to be explored. Coexisting gene mutations and rare mutations discovered by NGS should be taken seriously.

Objective:To assess the value of optical genome mapping (OGM) for the detection of chromosomal structural abnormalities including ring chromosomes, balanced translocations, and insertional translocations.Methods:Clinical data of four patients who underwent pre-implantation genetic testing concurrently with OGM and chromosomal microarray analysis at the Center of Reproductive Medicine of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January to October 2022 due to chromosomal structural abnormalities were selected as the study subjects. Some of the results were verified by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results:The OGM has successfully detected a balanced translocation and fine mapped the breakpoints in a patient. Among two patients with insertional translocations, OGM has provided more refined breakpoint locations than karyotyping analysis in a patient who had chromosome 3 inserted into chromosome 6 and determined the direction of the inserted fragment. However, OGM has failed to detect the chromosomal abnormalit in a patient with chromosome 8 inserted into the Y chromosome. It has also failed to detect circular signals in a patient with ring chromosome mosaicism.Conclusion:OGM has successfully detected chromosomal structural variations in the four patients and provided assistance for their diagnosis.

Objective:To compare the results of invasive prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:Clinical data of pregnant women undergoing PGT and invasive prenatal diagnosis at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected. The results of PGT and invasive prenatal diagnosis were compared, and the outcomes of pregnancies were followed up. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (No. 2022SLYEC-491).Results:A total of 172 couples were included in this study, and 26 non-targeted variants were discovered upon prenatal diagnosis, including 10 cases (38.5%) by chromosomal karyotyping, 15 (57.7%) by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and 1 (3.8%) by whole exome sequencing. The 10 karyotypic anomalies had included 6 chromosomal polymorphisms, 2 chromosomal mosaicisms, 1 paternally derived translocation, and 1 missed maternal chromosomal inversion. CMA has identified 15 copy number variations (CNVs), which included 11 microdeletions and microduplications, 3 loss of heterozygosity, and 1 low-level mosaicism of paternal uniparental disomy. One CNV was classified as pathogenic, and another one was likely pathogenic, whilst the remaining 13 were classified as variants of uncertain significance. Therefore, 8.7% of CNVs was detected by invasive prenatal diagnosis after PGT. 92.3% (24/26) of the non-targeted variants have been due to technological limitations of next-generation sequencing (NGS).Conclusion:Invasive prenatal diagnosis after PGT can detect non-targeted variants, which may further reduce the incidence of birth defects.

Aim To investigate the mechanisms of Chaijin JieYu Anshen formula modulating the depres-sive behaviors and the synaptic plasticity of hippocam-pal neurons in insomnia-concomitant depression rats based on the histone deacetylase 5(HDAC5)/myocyte enhancer factor 2C(MEF2C)pathway.Methods A rat model of insomnia-concomitant depression was es-tablished by PCPA injection combined with chronic un-predictable mild stress(CUMS),and the experiment was divided into the control group,the model group,the high,medium and low dose group of Chaijin JieYu Anshen formula,and the positive drug group.The de-pression of rats was evaluated by sugar-water prefer-ence test,open field test and morris water maze.The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and dopamine(DA)in serum were measured by enzyme linked im-munosorbent assay(ELISA).The pathological damage of hippocampal neurons was observed by HE staining and Nissl staining.The damage of dendritic spines of hippocampal neurons was observed by Golgi staining,and the levels of HDAC5,MEF2C,postsynaptic densi-ty-95(PSD-95)and synaptophysin 1(SYN1)in hip-pocampus were measured by Western blot,immunohis-tochemistry and immunofluorescence.Results Com-pared with the model group,the Chaijin JieYu Anshen formula could increase the sugar-water preference rate of the model rats,reduce the immobility time in the open field experiment,increase the total activity dis-tance,shorten the evasion latency in the localization navigation experiment,and prolong the residence time in the quadrant where the platform was located in the space exploration experiment(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Moreover,the Chaijin JieYu Anshen formula improved the hippocampal neuron and dendritic spine damage and increase the dendritic branch length and dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons(P＜0.01,P＜0.01),restore the serum levels of 5-HT and DA in insomnia-concomitant depression rats(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),down-regulate the HDAC5 protein,and up-regulate the expression of MEF2C,PSD-95,and SYN1 protein(P＜0.05,P＜0.01 or P＜0.001).Conclusions Chaijin JieYu Anshen formula may alle-viate the depression-like behavior of model rats by re-ducing the expression of HDAC5 protein,thus deregu-lating the inhibition of transcription factor MEF2C,promoting the expression of PSD-95 and SNY1 protein,and exerting a protective effect on hippocampal neurons and synapses.

Nucleocytoplasmic transport is the basic cellular activity of eukaryotic cells, which plays a role in cell physiological and pathological processes. A large amount of evidences indicate that impaired nucleocytoplasmic trafficking has emerged as a mechanism contributing to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. The regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport is crucial to elucidate the pathogenesis and intervention in the neurodegenerative diseases. This article summarizes the evidences in disturbed nucleocytoplasmic transport of neurodegenerative diseases in the past two decades, further explores the directions and provides a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis and drug targets in neurodegenerative diseases.

Aim To explore the possible mechanism of "component-target-pathway" of Radix Hedysari against target organ damage caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and to verify the " dose-effect" relationship of the main active components. Methods TCMSP, Uniprot, Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCards, Cytoscape, Omicshare and other platforms were used for network pharmacology analysis. Autodock, Pymol and Ligplot were used for molecular docking. The water extract of Radix Hedysari was used for animal experiment verification. The contents of eight main components were determined by HPLC. Results Four active components, eight key targets and four key pathways of Radix Hedysari were identified to resist the damage of target organs caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Molecular docking showed that formononetin and quercetin had good binding activity with HSP90AA1, naringenin and MAPK3, and ursolic acid and TP53. Animal experiments showed that gastrointestinal factors MTL and VIP increased significantly, liver and kidney factors Cr, BUN, AST and ALT decreased significantly, inflammatory factor IL-10 increased significantly and TNF-a decreased significantly. The content of ononm was the highest (2 . 884 8 µg • g "

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the cant of the occlusal planes in Chinese adult class Ⅱ malocclusions with hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent facial vertical patterns using cone-beam CT. Methods The descriptive, cross-sectional study evaluated 123 cephalogram from CBCT(CCB) of patients in Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. According to cephalometric analysis, 89 Chinese adult class Ⅱ patients were divided into three groups according to the angle between FH-MP and the angle between SN-MP. In comparison, 34 Class I normodivergent malocclusions individuals were selected as the control group. Comparing the cephalometric result between 4 groups. Results As expected,the hyperdivergent group had steeper anterior occlusal planes(14. 73±3. 76) . and posterior occlusal planes(21. 42±5. 77)., there was a significant statistical difference between the hyperdivergent group and other 2 groups in class Ⅱ patients (P<0. 05). The height of maxillary second molar increased from high angle group to low angle group (P<0. 01). Conclusion There are different characters of the occlusal planes in varied vertical facial pattern. The inclinations of anterior and posterior occlusal planes in Chinese class Ⅱ hyperdivergent group were steeper than other 3 groups. The difference of posterior occlusal plane inclination is mainly caused by the height of maxillary second molar.

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the effect of foods with different natures on cold or hot syndrome and gastrointestinal bacterial community structure in mice. METHODS: Forty-five 6-week-old male ICR Kunming mice of clean grade were divided into 5 groups, 9 per group, including the control (CK), hot nature herbs (HM), Hong Qu glutinous rice wine (RW), tea rice wine (TW), and cold nature herbs (CM) groups. Distilled water or corresponding herbs were administered to mice (0.01 mL/g body weight) in the 5 groups by gastric infusion respectively, once daily for 28 d. Appearance, behavior, and serum biochemical indicators, including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), noradrenaline (NE), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), the hot nature index, as well as the gastrointestinal bacterial community structure were analyzed in all groups after treatment. RESULTS After supplementation for 28 d, CM and TW mice showed different degrees of cold syndrome, and HM and RW mice showed different degrees of hot syndrome. Compared with the HM and RW mice, the TSH, NE, cAMP levels and hot nature indices in the CM and TW mice were significantly decreased and 5-HT and cGMP levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). There was no obvious change in appearance or behavior in CK mice. Results of clustering analysis showed that the gastrointestinal bacterial community structures were highly similar in TW and CM mice as well as in RW and HM mice, and that they were from the same branch, respectively, when the distance was 0.02. The key microbes associated with cold syndrome were Lachnospiraceae uncultured, Lactococcus, etc., and the key microbes associated with hot syndrome were S24-7 norank, Ruminococcaceae uncultured, etc. CONCLUSION: The interventions with different nature foods could change cold or hot syndrome in mice, leading to changes in gastrointestinal bacterial community structure.