Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Foot Diseases ; therapy ; Garlic ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Warts ; therapy ; Young Adult

Animals ; Blood Chemical Analysis ; Blood Circulation ; physiology ; Blood Physiological Phenomena ; Lymph ; chemistry ; physiology ; Lymphatic System ; physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rheology

Objective To investigate the changes in cerebral oxygen metabolism during liver transplantation in patients with liver cirrhoses.Methods Sixteen ASAⅢorⅣpatients with liver cirrhoses(14 male,2 female)aged 25-67 yrs,weighing 45-80 kg undergoing liver transplantation were studied.Radial artery was cannulated for direct BP monitoring and blood sampling.Swan-Ganz catheter was placed in pulmonary artery (PA)via right internal jugular vein(IJV)for cardiac output(CO)monitoring and sampling mixed venous blood. Left IJV was cannulated and the catheter was advanced cephalad until jugular bulb for blood sampling.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,fentanyl,propefol and vecuronium and maintained with isoflurane inhalation and intermittentⅣboluses of fentanyl and vecuronium.The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation.PaCO_2 was maintained between 30-45 mm Hg.Blood samples were taken from radial artery,pulmonary artery and jugular bulb simultaneously for blood gas analysis before operation(T_0,baseline),10 min before anhepatic phase(T_1)20 min after onset of anhepatic phase(T_2),30 min after graft reperfusion(T_3)and at the end of operation(T_4).Oxygen delivery(DO_2),oxygen consumption(VO_2),oxygen content of jugular bulb blood (CjvO_2),cerebral arterial-venous oxygen content differences(Ca-jvO_2)cerebral oxygen extraction ratio(CERO_2) and CBF/CMRO_2 were calculated.Results The mean duration of operation was(364?51)min and the mean intraoperative blood loss was(1340?430)ml.CO was significantly increased before anhepatic phase(T_1), during neohepatic phase(T_3)and at the end of operation(T_4)but decreased during anhepatc phase(T_2)as compared with the baseline value at T_0.Hb,CaO_2,Ca-jvO_2 and CERO_2 were all decreased while SjvO_2 and CBF/ CMRO_2 were increased during operation;DO_2,VO_2 and CjvO_2 were decreased during anhepatic phase;DO_2 was increased during other phases;VO_2 was increased at the end of operation as compared with the baseline(T_0)(P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion There is no cerebral oxygen deficiency during liver transplantation in patients with liver cirrhoses.

Objective To study the changes of insulin- like growth factor- 1(IGF-1)in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in children with viral encephalitis (VE).Methods The IGF-1 levels in blood and CSF were determined before treatment by ELISA in 25 children who admitted with VE, including 15 cases with severe VE and another 10 cases with mild VE, 10 children served as con-trols. Results Before treatment, the blood IGF-1 levels in VE group were significantly lower than those of controls, but the CSF IGF-1 levels were significantly higher than those of controls(P0.05), but the blood IGF-1 levels in serve VE group were significanfly lower than those of mild VE group and controls(P

Objective To investigate the changes in systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis and portopulmonary hypertension(PPH)during liver transplantation.Methods Eight patients with liver cirrhosis and PPH(5 male,3 female)aged 50-63 yr weighing 45-80 kg were included in PPH group. Another 8 liver-cirrhotic patients without PPH served as control group.The patients were premedicated with intramuscular phenobarbital 0.1 g and atropine 0.5 mg.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 3-5 mg,fentanyl 0.15-0.2 mg,propefol 1 mg?kg~(-1) and vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg~(-1) and maintained with 0.5%-3% isoflurane inhalation and intermittent Ⅳ boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium.The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation.P_(ET)CO_2 was maintained at 30-45 mm Hg.Right subclavian vein was cannulated for fluid and drug administration and blood transfusion.Radial artery was cannulated for BP monitoring.Swan-Ganz catheter was placed via right internal jugular vein.BP,CVP,MPAP,PAWP,CI,PVRI and SVRI were monitored and recorded before operation(baseline),during preanhepatic phase,at 3 and 30 min of anhepatic phase and 3,7, 15,60 min of neohepatic phase and at the end of operation.Results(1)The two groups were comparable with respect to fluid balance,the amount of vasoactive drugs used during anhepatic and neohepatic phase,duration of anhepatic phase and operation.(2)MPAP and PVRI were significantly higher before operation in PPH group than in control group.(3)CI,MPAP, PAWP and CVP were siguificanfly decreased during anhepatic phase as compared to the baseline values(before operation)in both groups and then gradually returned to and even exceeded the baseline values during neohepatic phase.(4)During neohepatic phase PVRI in PPH group was significantly increased as compared to the baseline value and was significantly higher than that in control group.Conclusion MPAP and PVRI are significantly increased during neohepatic phase in patients with PPH and need to be treated.

OBJECTIVETo construct mouse enhanced green fluorecence protein (EGFP) -peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma2, and to detect EGFP-PPARgamma2 expression in infected mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC).

METHODSCut the fragment of PPARgamma2 from the expression plasmid pcDNA flag PPARgamma2, then cloned the gene fragment into pEGFP-C1 and pEGFP-N1 vector. Subsequently, subclone the fragment EGFP-PPARgamma2 from pEGFP-C1-PPARgamma2 into the shuttle plasmid DC315. HEK293 cells were co-transfected with the constructed recombinant shuttle plasmid DC315-EGFP-PPARgamma2 and large adenovirus helper plasmid pBHGlox deltaE1, 3Cre in mediation of liposome. The obtained replication-defective recombinant adenovirus Ad-EGFP-PPARgamma2 was confirmed. Then it was propagated in HEK293 cells. After the BMSC were transfected for 72 h, adipogenic differentiation was demonstrated.

RESULTSHEK293 cells were transfected with the pEGFP-C1-PPARgamma2 or pEGFP-N1-PPARgamma2 in mediation of liposome. The former green fluorescence protein was better than the latter by fluorescence microscope. The recombinant plasmids were digested and identified. Western blot analysis showed the expression of EGFP-PPARgamma2 in vitro. EGFP-PPARgamma2 protein was detectable in the nucleus of BMSC.

CONCLUSIONThe recombinant adenovirus encoding EGFP-PPARgamma2 fusion protein was successfully constructed, which provided a basis for application of EGFP-PPARgamma2 gene to adenovirus-mediated gene therapy.

Adenoviridae ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; metabolism ; Mice ; PPAR gamma ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine on the contractility of isolated uterine muscle strips from pregnant and non-pregnant female rats.

METHODSFull-thick myometrial strips were prepared from 18- to 21-day pregnant (n=8) and non-pregnant rats (n=7). After contractions became regular, strips were exposed to cumulative concentrations of the two drugs from 10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/L, amplitude and frequency of the uterine contraction was recorded.

RESULTSTwo local anesthetics caused a concentration dependent inhibition on contractility of myometrial strips from pregnant and non-pregnant rats. In the myometrium from non-pregnant rats, -logIC(50) of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine were 4.85 and 4.25 respectively. In the myometrium from pregnant rats, similar concentrations of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine were observed, -logIC(50) were 2.7 and 2.9 respectively. Levobupivacaine produced an increase in amplitude of contractions, while bupivacaine showed an increased trend in frequency.

CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that levobupivacaine and bupivacaine may inhibit myometrium contractility. The inhibitory effect of levobupivacaine or bupivacaine is not enhanced by gestation in rat. Levobupivacaine may have more positive influence than bupivacaine in pregnant myometrium.

Anesthetics, Local ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Bupivacaine ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Uterine Contraction ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and progression-free survival of erlotinib after progression of disease to gefitinib in patients with advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma who previously obtained a disease control with gefitinib.

METHODIn this retrospective study, 12 patients with advanced or metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma,who were previously obtained a partial response or a stable disease with gefitinib,were treated with erlotinib after gefitinib failure. Erlotinib efficiency, progression-free survival and overall survival were analyzed.

RESULTSNice (75%)achieved stable disease and three (25%) achieved progression disease with erlotinib treatment after gefitinib failure. No complete response or partial response was observed. The disease control rate was 75%. The median progression-free survival and overall survival of erlotinib were 180 days and 831 days.

CONCLUSIONErlotinib seems to be an optional treatment after gefitinib failure for advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients,who previously responded to gefitinib.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Tolerance ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quinazolines ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo report the postmortem findings of a case of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus occurring in human beings.

METHODSPostmortem examination was carried out in a deceased caused by highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. Detailed light microscopy of major organs, including heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys and brain, was performed. The lung tissue was further investigated by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.

RESULTSMajor histopathologic changes in lungs secondary to highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus included diffuse alveolar damage, hyaline membrane formation and focal hemorrhage. Some of the alveolar spaces contained lightly eosinophilic liquid, lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and small number of neutrophils. Congested capillaries were commonly seen in the alveolar septa which were focally rimmed by hyaline membrane. Immunohistochemical study showed that the lymphocytes were mainly of T lineage and macrophages were also demonstrated.

CONCLUSIONSHighly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus causes pathologic changes mostly in lungs, including diffuse alveolar damage and acute exudative changes (involving mainly T lymphocytes and macrophages). The resulting parenchymal destruction, consolidation, pulmonary edema and hemorrhage eventually lead to respiratory distress and death.

Adult ; Autopsy ; CD3 Complex ; analysis ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; analysis ; Lung ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; virology ; Microscopy, Electron

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment options of cutaneous vessel abnormalities.

METHODSThe clinical data of 384 pediatric patients with cutaneous vessel abnormalities who were treated in Beijing children's Hospital from January 2007 to December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified according to International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification method.

RESULTSOf the 384 patients, infantile hemangioma was confirmed in 185 patients (male : female = 1 : 1.7). Most children (78.4%) were taken to our department when they were within six months. The skin injuries were mainly located on the head and face (50.8%). Congenital hemangioma was confirmed in 132 patients (male : female = 1 : 1.9). Most children (75.0%) were taken to our department when they were within six months. The skin injuries were mainly located on the head and face (37.1%). Capillary malformation was confirmed in 27 patients (male: female = 1 : 1.3). Most children (40.7%) were taken to our department when they were within one year old. The skin injuries were mainly located on the head and face (77.8%). Venous malformation was confirmed in 16 patients (male : female = 1 : 1.3). Most children (31.3%) were taken to our department when they were within one year old. The skin injuries were mainly located on the head and face (56.3%). Of the 384 patients, 250 patients (65.1%) were treated by watching and waiting. Eighty of these 250 patients were followed up, which showed that, when these children were 1. 5-2 years old, the lesions' color lightened and their areas reduced by half and lesions almost disappeared in 34 patients.

CONCLUSIONSInfantile hemangioma and congenital hemangioma are two common cutaneous vessel abnormalities in children. Their incidences were higher in female than in male. Cutaneous vessel abnormality with endothelial cell proliferation has an earlier onset age. Skin injuries are mostly seen in face. Most pediatric patients experience good prognosis after being treated with watching and waiting.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Face ; Female ; Hemangioma ; congenital ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Neoplasms ; therapy