Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that seriously endangers human health and affects socioeconomic developments. Artificial intelligence technology has been widely used in clinical medical sciences, including tumor screening, and electrocardiogram, imaging and pathological analyses, which has potential for precision control of schistosomiasis. Currently, artificial intelligence technology has been employed for clinical assessment of schistosomiasis-associated hepatic fibrosis and ectopic schistosomiasis, prognostic prediction of advanced schistosomiasis, automated identification of Oncomelania hupensis and Schistosoma japonicum eggs and miracidia, epidemiological surveillance of schistosomiasis, and drug discovery. This review summarizes the advances in the applications of artificial intelligence technology in the management of schistosomiasis and proposes the prospects for the use of artificial intelligence in schistosomiasis elimination.

Tumor is one of the serious problems threatening human health. There are some limitations in the delivery of commonly used tumor therapy technologies, and the therapeutic effect is not satisfactory, so new anti-tumor strategies need to be developed. The process of tumor cells using glycolysis to produce energy under aerobic conditions is called aerobic glycolysis, which is closely related to tumor growth, proliferation and metastasis, and can provide a new target spot for tumor treatment. Nano drug delivery system has been widely used in targeted tumor therapy because of its advantages of targeted drug delivery, improved anti-tumor efficacy and reduced toxic side effects. Numerous studies have shown that more and more nano drug delivery systems regulates aerobic glycolytic metabolism by targeting to potential targets such as signaling factors or reaction products of aerobic glycolytic process in tumors, and therefore enhance the anti-tumor effect. This paper reviews the application of nano drug delivery system in regulating tumor aerobic glycolysis, and provides theoretical references for realizing efficient targeted tumor therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To establish and evaluate the model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with osteoporosis induced by elastase in mice. METHODS: Twenty four healthy female 8-week-old C57BL / 6 mice (weighing about 18 g) were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was given intratracheal drip of normal saline, the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 2 were given intratracheal drip of elastase, the control group and the experimental group 1 were kept for 8 weeks and then killed, the experimental group 2 was kept for 12 weeks and then killed. HE staining was used to evaluate the histopathological changes of lung and tibia in the control and experimental groups. The levels of serum inflammatory factors and broncho alveolar lavage factors (BALF) were detected by ELISA. Micro CT was used to detect the bone mass related parameters of mouse femur. The expression of osteoclastic and osteogenic genes was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Lung histopathology showed that the structure of alveoli in the experimental group was disordered, the walls of alveoli became thin or broken, and the alveoli cavity expanded. IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF were significantly higher than those in control group (<0.001), while IL-1β and TNF-α in serum inflammatory factors were significantly higher than those in control group (<0.001). BV / TV(bone volume fraction), TB.Th(average bone trabecular thickness) and TB.N(average bone trabecular number) in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (<0.05), TB.Sp (average bone trabecular separation) and BS / BV (bone surface area fraction) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (<0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of osteoclast related marker genes increased in the experimental group (<0.05), but decreased in the experimental group(<0.05). The results of experiment 1 and experiment 2 were time-dependent. CONCLUSION In this study, elastase was used to construct a COPD model with osteoporosis successfully, which provides a suitable animal model for the future study of the pathogenesis of COPD with osteoporosis.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Osteoporosis ; etiology ; Pancreatic Elastase ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; complications

ObjectiveTo explore the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 （TRPV1） channel in reducing cardiomyocyte toxicity of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix processed with Chebulae Fructus. MethodH9c2 cardiomyocytes cultured in vitro were used as a model to assess cell viability by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay， the expression of TRPV1 mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and the leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， the changes of nucleus， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， mitochondrial membrane potential and Ca²⁺ contents were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultCompared with the blank group， when the concentration was ≥0.5 g·L^-1， the cell viability was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， the leakage rate of LDH， the release of ROS and Ca²⁺ were increased， the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased， and the nucleus was pyknosis or even broken in raw Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix and Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix processed with Chebulae Fructus groups. When the concentration was ≥0.5 g·L^-1， compared with the same mass concentration of raw Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix group， the cell viability increased significantly （P<0.01）， the leakage rate of LDH， the release of ROS and Ca²⁺ decreased， the mitochondrial membrane potential increased， and the nuclear morphology improved in Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix processed with Chebulae Fructus group. Application of the same mass concentration of raw Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix to H9c2 cardiomyocytes pretreated with the TRPV1 inhibitor BCTC significantly increased cell viability， decreased leakage rate of LDH， ROS and Ca²⁺ release， increased mitochondrial membrane potential and improved nuclear pyknosis compared with untreated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Application of the same mass concentration of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix processed with Chebulae Fructus to H9c2 cardiomyocytes pretreated with BCTC decreased cell viability， increased LDH leakage rate， ROS and Ca²⁺ release， reduced mitochondrial membrane potential compared with untreated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Real-time PCR results showed that both raw Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix and Chebulae Fructus decoction could increase the expression of TRPV1 mRNA in cardiomyocytes in a concentration dependent manner. ConclusionRaw Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix can induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiotoxicity by activating TRPV1 channel， while Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix processed with Chebulae Fructus can attenuate the toxicity through TRPV1 channel， which may be related to the synergistic effect of acid components in Chebulae Fructus and alkaloids in Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix on TRPV1 channel.

Objective: To explore sex differences in 3D T1texture features in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to predict the diagnosis of AD patients of different sex． Methods: Seventy-seven AD patients (34 males and 42 females) ，74 amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( aMCI) patients ( 35 males and 39 females) and 75 healthy controls (HC) (35 males and 40 females) were recruited and high-resolution 3-dimensional T1 structural images were collected． Brain regions closely related to AD brain damage were selected as regions of interest ( ROIs) ，texture feature extraction and feature screening were performed．Analyses were performed by sex，and the support vector machine (SVM) was used for classification and prediction. Results : In the AD vs HC，AD vs aMCI and aMCI VS HC groups by different sex，we obtained some brain regions with relatively high recognition index in different subgroups，and found that there were significant differences between female patients and male patients with high recognition index，and the recognition index of female patients ( area under the curve，accuracy，sensitivity and specificity were generally higher than that of male． Conclusion There are significant sex differences in texture features in AD process，and the classification and prediction ability of texture features in female patients is better， suggesting the importance of sex differences in AD research．This study provides some reliable biomarkers for early sex-specific identification of AD，which may be helpful for the early diagnosis and treatment of AD in the future.