Objective To observe changes of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) in umbilical vein blood between male and female neonates, and assess the effect of serum LH, FSH and T on fetal growth.Methods Umbilical vein blood was obtained from 130 neonates (64 females and 66 males) in the second hospital of changshu city. According to birth weight, 130 neonates were divided into 3 groups: macrosomia (n=28), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (n=31) and normal neonates (n=71). The serum levels of LH, FSH and T were measured by radioimmunoassay.Results 1.The levels of LH, FSH and T in umbilical vein blood were significantly higher in male neonates than those in females (P

Objective To report 6 cases of hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous lymphoma,and to inves- tigate the relationship between this disorder and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection.Methods Pathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed in the biopsy specimens obtained from all 6 patients. Skin lesions were subjected to EBV encoded RNA(EBER)detection by in situ hybridization.Serological assay and quantification of EBV DNA were performed.Results All the 6 patients had recurrent papules, papulovesicles,necrosis and variola-like scar with chronic intermittent fever;four of the patients also presented with edema of the face,hands and feet.Pathologically,there were multilocular vesicles in the epidermis,and large numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes through the dermis.The cells were atypical with mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical staining of the lesions of 4 patients showed large quantities of cells expressing CD56, scattered cells expressing CD3 and CD45RO,and cells expressing grazyme B and T cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1);a diagnosis of hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous NK/T lymphoma was made in these 4 cases. In the lesions of another 2 patients,the cells expressing CD3 and CD45RO,but not CD56,were observed; the diagnosis of hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous T-cell lymphoma was made in them.EBER was detected in the tumor cells of all the 6 patients.The IgG titers of anti-Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen increased in all patients(1:5120 in 2 cases,1:2560 in 2 cases,1:1280 in 2 cases).The copies of EBV DNA were increased in the peripheral blood of both the two detected cases.A chronic active EBV infection was confirmed in all patients.Conclusions Hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous lymphoma is clinically characterized by edema of face,hands and feet,vesicular eruptions and variola like scars;histologically,it is characterized by infiltrates of atypical cells consistent with lymphoma,and necrosis in the center of vessels.NK/T is the primary immunophenotype of this disease.There is a close association between chronic active EBV infection and hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous lymphoma.

AIMTo investigate the effects of tamoxifen on proliferation of human breast cancer Bcap-37 cells and cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and to explore it's possible mechanism.

METHODSThe techniques of cell culture, growth curves, flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscope were used.

RESULTSTamoxifen (10(-6) mol/L) shifted the growth curve of Bcap-37 cells downward, and shifted the growth curve of HeLa cells upward. Tamoxifen (10(-8) - 10(-6) mol/L) inhibited the proliferation of Bcap-37 cells in a dose-dependent manner, but stimulated the proliferation of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. Bcap-37 cells appeared apoptosis when treated with tamoxifen (10(-6) mol/L), and the same dose stimulated the proliferation of HeLa cells at GI/S phases. The apoptotic rate of Bcap-37 cells was 97.5%. It blocked G1 phase of HeLa cells from 55.5% to 32.8%, and increased the S phase from 29.0% to 49.4%. Tamoxifen (10(-6) mol/L) also increased the releasing of calcium in Bcap-37 and HeLa cells.

CONCLUSIONTamoxifen can significantly influence the proliferation of breast cancer and cervical carcinoma cells possibly by affecting cell cycle and stimulating the releasing of Ca2+ in the cells.

Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Tamoxifen ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology

Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Embolism ; etiology ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial ; complications ; diagnosis

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis leads to the functional incapacitation of myocardial plasmodium and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure transformed from compensable cardiac hypertrophy. Mitochondria are the main source of apoptosis-inducing molecule of various cells, and the role of caspartate-specific cysteinyl proteinase (caspase)-dependent mechanism has generally been accepted in the cardiomyocyte apoptosis. However, the significance of caspase-independent apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) mechanism is not yet understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate hypoxia-reperfusion-induced alterations of AIF mRNA and protein expressions in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was produced by angiotensin II (0.1 mumol/L). The cells were cultured under the condition of hypoxia (95% N2 and 5% CO2; the O2 partial pressure was lower than 5 mmHg) for 8 h or 12 h (named as H8h and H12h groups, respectively), and then exposed to normal culture environment (named as H8h/R and H12h/R groups, respectively). Apoptosis was detected with Hoechst 33258 staining. The AIF mRNA and protein expressions were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot and quantified by gel scanning. The results were as follows: (1) The level of AIF mRNA expression was 0.29+/-0.08 (optical density, relative value) in the control group (hypertrophic cardiomyocytes cultured in normal environment). Compared with that in the control group, the levels of AIF mRNA expression were significantly higher in the groups of H8h and H12h (0.52+/-0.04 and 0.85+/-0.10), indicating that this effect was time-dependent. A further increase of AIF mRNA expression was observed in the groups of H8h/R (1.09+/-0.12) and H12h/R (1.41+/-0.23). (2) The level of AIF protein expression was 0.29+/-0.04 in the control group. Compared with that in the control group, the levels of AIF protein expression were significantly higher in the groups of H8h and H12h (2.07+/-0.15 and 3.12+/-0.19). The AIF protein expression was increased further in the groups of H8h/R (4.57+/-0.25) and H12h/R (5.71+/-0.27). The nuclear translocation of AIF protein was obvious only in the groups of H8h/R and H12h/R. (3) The expressions of AIF mRNA and protein were almost completely inhibited by AIF siRNA transfection. The siRNA transfection also reduced the apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes in the groups of H8h/R and H12h/R but not in the groups of H8h and H12h. The apoptosis rate was significantly reduced by both AIF siRNA transfection and Ac-DEVD-cmk, an inhibitor of caspase-3. This reduction induced by two factors was more evident than that by one factor. (4) AIF nuclear translocation induced by hypoxia-reperfusion was not affected by inhibition of the activity of caspase-3. These data suggest that AIF plays a pivotal role in the apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia-reperfusion.
Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Inducing Factor ; metabolism ; Cardiomegaly ; Cell Hypoxia ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Reperfusion Injury

BACKGROUNDIn recent years, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Chinese population has been increasing by years, directly leading to an average annual growth rate of 19.90% of medical expenditure. Therefore, it is urgent to work on strategies to control the growth of medical expenditure on type 2 diabetes on the basis of the reality of China. Therefore, in this study, we explored the feasibility of implementing bundled payment in China through analyzing bundled payment standards of type 2 diabetes outpatient services.

METHODSThis study analyzed the outpatient expenditure on type 2 diabetes with Beijing Urban Employee's Basic Medical Insurance from 2010 to 2012. Based on the analysis of outpatient expenditure and its influential factors, we adopted decision tree approach to conduct a case-mix analysis. In the end, we built a case-mix model to calculate the standard expenditure and the upper limit of each combination.

RESULTSWe found that age, job status, and whether with complication were significant factors that influence outpatient expenditure for type 2 diabetes. Through the analysis of the decision tree, we used six variables (complication, age, diabetic foot, diabetic nephropathy, cardiac-cerebrovascular disease, and neuropathy) to group the cases, and obtained 11 case-mix groups.

CONCLUSIONSWe argued that it is feasible to implement bundled payment on type 2 diabetes outpatient services. Bundled payment is effective to control the increase of outpatient expenditure. Further improvements are needed for the implementation of bundled payment reimbursement standards, together with relevant policies and measures.

Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; economics ; Female ; Health Expenditures ; standards ; Humans ; Insurance, Health, Reimbursement ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outpatients

The biological characters of Sindbis virus strain of Yunnan(YN87448 strain) were studied by the test of the filtration, acid-resistant, ether-resistant, CPE, susceptibility of animal, HA, plague, determination of virus titres, and the cross-HI, cross-IFAT and PRNT as well.The results indicated that YN87448 strain belongs to Sindbis virus, Alphavirus, Togaviridae. YN87448 strain virus was plaque purified(PYN87448). The biological character of PYN87448 strain virus was studied too. PYN87448 strain virus will be used in the molecule biological test.

OBJECTIVETo research the effect of glaucocalyxin A (GLA) on the level of Th1/Th2 type cytokines in mice.

METHODBy using flow cytometer with CBA software to detect Th1/Th2 type cytokines.

RESULTGLA had insighificant inhibitory effects on Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-gamma,TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-5) induced by ConA, in which more potential on cytokines from Th1 than those of from Th2 were displayed. However, GLA could produce inhibition on IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and acceleration on IL-4 and IL-5.

CONCLUSIONImmunosuppressive effect of GLA is related to the influence the level of Th1/Th2 type cytokines.

Animals ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Diterpenes, Kaurane ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-5 ; metabolism ; Isodon ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Th1 Cells ; metabolism ; Th2 Cells ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To determine the migration of phthalates esters in disposable plastic cups by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry ( GC-MS ) , and to study the effect of materials , temperature and duration conditions on the concentration of phthalate esters in disposable plastic cups . Methods Simulants ( distilled water , 3% acetic acid aqueous solution , 10% ethanol aqueous solution and isooctane ) test samples were extracted with n-hexane and analyzed by GC-MS.The external standards were applied to the analysis and quantitation of phthalate esters . Results A good linear relationship was showed under the range of 0.01-10 μg/mL for 17 compounds of migration of phthalates esters withR 2≥0 .998 .The recovery rates were 71%-107% and the relative standard deviation were lower than 7%. The detection limit was 0 .86-14 .41 .The migration of phthalates esters were detected in ten brands of disposable plastic cups sold in Shanghai .Diisobutyl phthalate , dibutyl phthalate and dioctylphthalate were detected in ten brands of disposable plastic cups , but none of them were exceed the limits .Under the high temperature condition , the pdypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate material concentration of migration of phthalates esters in disposable plastic cups were with no obvious difference , but the polystyrene material concentration of migration of phthalates esters in disposable plastic cups were raised over time . Conclusion This method has good sensitivity , accuracy , repeatability and is suitable for the rapid analysis of the migration of phthalate esters in disposable plastic cups .

Objective To explore the method of pharmaceutical care for patients with non-ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary tuberculosis by clinical pharmacist.Methods Clinical pharmacist participated in an acute non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with pulmonary tuberculosis,analyzing the treatment options for patients,assessing the efficacy of anti-platelet drugs,discussing gene polymorphisms and the interactions efficacy between anti-TB drugs and anti-platelet drugs.Results and conclusion Analyzing the function and characteristics of each drug,managing of drug interactions,providing individual treatment strategies for patientssare the key points for clinical pharmacists participating in clinical work.