OBJECTIVE To realize the situation of the infection of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis(Mh) and the drug resistance among the female patients with urogenital tract infection.METHODS Totally 813 specimens in the female patients with urogenital tract infection were collected,cultured and tested for drug sensitivity with mycoplasma test drug sensitivity kit.RESULTS From the specimens of 813 cases the infection of Uu was in 296 cases(36.4%),the infection of Mh in 13 cases(1.6%),and the mixed was in 71(8.7%) cases,totally 380 cases(46.7%) were infected.The results of drug sensitivity showed that the sensitivities of Uu and Mh to josamycin,doxycycline and minocyclin were remarkable and the drug resistance of Uu and Mh to ofloxacin was the most prominent.CONCLUSIONS The infection of Uu and Mh is high among the femalepatients with urogenital tract infection.Especially the infection of Uu is usual.Uu and Mh have high drug resistance to many antibiotics,especially to ofloxacin.There is some difference between the drug resistances of Uu,Mh and Uu+Mh.To treat the infection of Mycoplasma some antibiotics are good choices,such as josamycin,doxycycline and minocyclin.

This paper reports the flocculated fermentation as a new method of propionic acid production.Propionibacterium shermanii W125 were used,29.0g/L propionic acid was accumulated in batch fermentation.In the subsequently established fed batch semicontinous fermentation,35.4g/L propionic acid was accumulated,raised to 122% and the conversion rate of glucose to propionic acid reached 51.56%,the volumetric productivity reached 0.37g/(L/h)during the 250 hours running cycle.

The development status of standardization of Chinese medicine and acupuncture in Australia and New Zealand is respectively introduced from 3 levels-national standard, regional standard and association standard. A national registration standard for Chinese medicine has been implemented since July 1, 2012 in Australia. The Oceania Federation of Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Societies was also founded in capital of New Zealand. Four characteristics are revealed from researches and analyses: people's needs and the relevant system are the foundations of national standards of Chinese medicine; legislation on Chinese medicine is the guarantee for setting and implementing national standards, where necessity, scientificity, vitality, diversity and breakthroughs are embodied; registration standards are the key in international standardization of Chinese medicine; and international organizations are major force in promoting standardization of Chinese medicine and acupunc ture.
Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Australasia ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Oceania ; Reference Standards

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Liuwei Dihuang Soft Capsule(LDSC) and Ginkgo Leaf Tablet (GLT) on serum regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in the patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2).

METHODSForty patients with early stage DM2 were randomly assigned to two groups, 20 in each group. Based on the conventional treatment with hypoglycemic agents, patients in the treated group were treated with LDSC plus GLT additionally, and those in the placebo group with placebo for 6 months, respectively. The levels of serum RANTES, blood glucose, blood lipids and glycosylated hemoglobin, as well as micro-content of albumin in urine were measured before and after treatment.

RESULTSIn the treated group, the serum level of RANTES decreased significantly after treatment, and it was significantly lower as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSLDSC and GLT can decrease serum RANTES level in patients with DM2. They play a preventive and therapeutic role on diabetic complications by their anti-inflammatory effect.

Aged ; Capsules ; Chemokine CCL5 ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Tablets ; Treatment Outcome

Background and purpose:Antracycline combined with paclitaxel is more widely applied in breast cancer as neoadjuvant chemotherapy.There are differences in applications of different paclita~els.In this research,the efficacy and toxicity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with ET,ED regimen were compared for the patients with stageⅢbreast cancer.Methods:64 cases of stageⅢbreast cancer patients were divided in two groups.Before surgery,one group had received ET(EPI ivgtt 60 mg/m~2 d_1?21,PTX ivgtt 175 mg/m~2 d_2?21),the other group had received ED(EPI ivgtt 60 mg/m~2 d_2?21,DOC ivgtt 75 mg/m~2 d_2?21)neoadjuvant chemotherapy for three weeks. Curative effect and side effects were evaluated after 2-4 cycles.Results:Total effective rate was 87.5%.Effective rate in ED group was 92.9%,and effective rate in ET group was 83.5%.There was no significant difference(P=0.253).In pCR cases,8 cases in ED group achieved pathologically complete response compared to 3 cases in ET group(P=0.033). The number of patients in ED group(24 cases)hadⅣ-Ⅴgrade pathology evaluation after chemotherapy,it was higher than that in ET patients(21 cases).There was a significant difference(P=0.017).In both groups side effects including hair loss,nausea and vomiting,liver dysfunction were similar.Incidence rate of peripheral neurotoxicity in ET group was higher than that in ED group(P=0.002).Incidence rates of leukopenia,skin rash and phlebitis in ED group were higher than that in ET group.There was a significant difference between two groups in the leukopenia(P=0.034). Conclusions:For the patients with stageⅢbreast cancer patients,both two regimens could achieve better curative effect.ET and ED regimen have similar effect.But in ED regimen,the number ofpCR cases was obviously higher than in ET group.In both groups side effects were similar.There were significant differences in terms of leukopenia and peripheral neurotoxicity,but the side effects could be tolerated.

To observe the clinical effect of Yisui decoction plus western medicine in treating multiple system atrophy patients, totally 65 patients from China-Japan Friendship hospital during 2008-2012 with complete clinical data and received consecutive traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine treatment for more than 3 months were observed changes of traditional Chinese medicine symptom score, part 1 of unified multiple system atrophy rating scale, orthostatic hypotension before treatment and after 3 months treatment. After 3 months treatment, total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine symptom was 70.8%. Compared with before treatment, score of part 1 of unified multiple system atrophy rating scale was obviously reduced after 3 month treatment (P < 0.001). Ex- cept swallow function without significant improvement, the remaining projects of unified multiple system atrophy rating scale were im- proved obviously (P < 0.05), of which the most obvious differences were orthostatic symptoms, falls and intestinal function (P < 0.001). Orthostatic hypotension after 1 month treatment and 3 month treatment was obviously better than before treatment (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in orthostatic hypotension between 1 month treatment and 3 month treatment. The research results show that Yisui decoction plus western medicine has a certain effect on improving clinical symptoms of multiple system atrophy patients, especially has a significant effect on orthostatic hypotension, and can maintain a stable clinical effect in a certain period of time.
Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; drug therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Multiple System Atrophy ; drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Zhibai Dihuang Pill (ZBDHP) on urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and sperm quality in ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) infection infertile patients.

METHODSRecruited were 80 infertility patients with Uu infection at Andriatrics Clinics and Department of Reproduction, including 130 cases of positive Uu semen and 50 cases of negative Uu semen. Patients with positive Uu semen were randomly assigned to the observation group (72 cases) and the control group (58 cases) according to the visit sequence. All patients took antibiotics for 2 weeks. Patients in the observation group additionally took ZBDHP, 6 g each time, twice daily. Those in the control group additionally took Vit E (100 mg each time, twice per day) and ATP (40 mg each time, twice per day). The therapeutic course for all was 90 days. Semen parameters and uPA contents of the sperm membrane were detected and comparatively analyzed.

RESULTSThe sperm membrane uPA content, the sperm motility, the sperm viability, and the percentage of normal morphology sperm in Uu positive infected patients were lower than those in Uu negative infected patients with statistical difference (P < 0.05), but with no significant difference in the sperm density between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference in pre-treatment sperm membrane uPA contents and sperm parameters between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with before treatment in the same group, the sperm membrane uPA content, the sperm motility, the sperm viability, and the percentage of normal morphology sperm obviously increased in the two groups with statistical difference (P < 0.05). After treatment, the sperm membrane uPA content increased more obviously in the observation group, with statistical difference when compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSInfection with Uu leads to decreased uPA content of sperm membrance and the sperm motility. ZBDHP could effectively treat Uu infected infertility possibly through fighting against Uu damaged sperm membrane and make the sperm membrane uPA content return to normal, and elevate the fertilizability of sperms.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Communicable Diseases ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infertility ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; Ureaplasma Infections ; drug therapy ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; drug effects ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; metabolism

To study the effect of Gegen Qinlian decoction and its major effective components on five hepatic microsomal CYP450 isozymes in rats. The in vitro hepatic microsomal incubation technique was used to co-culture Gegen Qinlian decoction and its major effective components together with each probe substrate. HPLC-MS/MS was used to establish the analytical method for metabolites of the five isoform probe substrates of CYP450 isozymes, detect the linearity among micoromal protein concentration, incubation time and metabolite formation amount. And HPLC-MS/MS was applied to determine the formation rate (V) of corresponding metabolites (acetaminophen, 4-OH-chlorzoxazone, dextrophan, 6-OH-chlorzoxazone and 6β-hydroxytestosterone) specific probe substrates of the five isoform probe substrates of CYP450 isozymes (phenacetin, polbutamide, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone, testosterone), in order to determine the activity of each isozyme. The result showed good linearity among acetaminophen, 4-OH-tolbutamide, dextrophan, 6-OH-chlorzoxazone and 6β-hydroxytestosterone, satisfactory precision, stability and average recovery, suggesting the method was feasible. The optimized in vitro microsomal incubation conditions conformed to the requirements in the guideline of drug-drug interaction. Gegen Qinlian decoction showed different degrees of inhibitor effect on 5 CYP450 isoforms (CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2D2, CYP2E1, CYP3A1/2). Its major effective component berberine could inhibit each CYP450 isoform at high concentrations (except for CYP1A2, CYP3A1/2).
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Isoenzymes ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Liver ; enzymology ; Rats ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a flavonoid compound isolated from licorice. It possesses excellent antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the alleviatory effect of ISL on energy metabolism imbalance caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were used in in vivo experiments. The high-fat-high-glucose diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was applied to establish T2DM animal model. All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the Institutional Guidelines of Laboratory Animal Administration issued by the Committee of Ethics at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. HepG2 cells were used in in vitro experiments. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to examine the protein and mRNA levels of mitochondrial function-related targets. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in HepG2 cells were measured by the flow cytometry. Additionally, the molecular docking of ISL and key target proteins was analyzed. It was found that ISL significantly inhibited the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and increased the protein levels of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in the livers of mice and HepG2 cells. It also obviously decreased the ROS levels and increased the MMP levels in cultured HepG2 cells. In addition, ISL promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by activating proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) and enhanced mitophagy by upregulating Parkin. It also improved mitochondrial fusion by increasing the mRNA and protein levels of mitofusin 2 (MFN2). In conclusion, ISL alleviates energy metabolism imbalance caused by T2DM through suppression of excessive mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and fusion.

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is an active chalcone compound isolated from licorice. It possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. In our previous study, we uncovered a great potential of ISL in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, this study aims to reveal the mechanism underlying the alleviatory effects of ISL on T2DM-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder. High-fat-high-sugar diet (HFD) combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) were used to establish T2DM mice model. All animal experiments were carried out with approval of the Committee of Ethics at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. HepG2 cells were used in in vitro experiments, and sodium palmitate (SP) was applied to establish insulin resistance (IR) model cells. The effects of ISL on body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, and pathological changes in the livers of mice were examined. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were applied to detect the regulatory effects of ISL on key targets involved in glucolipid metabolism. Additionally, molecular docking and analytical dynamics simulation methods were used to analyze the interaction between ISL and key target protein. The results indicate that ISL significantly downregulates the transcriptional levels and inhibits the activities of key enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis, including pyruvate carboxylase (PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBP). It also downregulates the transcriptional and protein levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), the two transcriptional factors involved in gluconeogenesis. Thus, ISL inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in T2DM mice. In addition, ISL reduces total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in the livers of T2DM mice. Moreover, ISL downregulates the mRNA levels of lipogenesis genes and upregulates those of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, lipid uptake, and lipid export. In conclusion, ISL suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis, promotes lipolysis, and restrains lipogenesis in T2DM mice, thereby improving the abnormal glycolipid metabolism caused by T2DM.