Objective To observe the effect of lovastatin on plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI-1) and collagen type Ⅳ in rats with glomerularsclerosis induced by adriamycin,and to discuss its mechanism of protective effects on kidneys.Methods Twenty-four male Wistar nephritic rats induced by adriamycin were randomly divided into 3 groups:control,hyperlipidemia and lovastatin treatment group.They were fed 12 weeks.Urinary protein excretion and serum lipid were assayed,then renal glomerularsclerosis index,the expression of PAI-1 and collagen type Ⅳ were observed.Results Serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein,urinary protein excretion,renal glomerularsclerosis index were significantly lower in treatment group than those in hyperlipidemia group.Expression of PAI-1 and collagen type Ⅳ,and number of foamcells were also sharply lower in treatment group than those in hyperlipidemia group.Conclusions Lovastatin not only reduces proteinuria,improves renal function,but also modulates glomerularsclerosis by inhibiting activity of PAI-1 and decreasing accumulation of collagen type Ⅳ.The mechanism of renal protective effect is independent of a reduction of circulating cholesterol.

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes of proximal femoral geometry after femoral neck fracture treated with THA, analyze the existent of differences and their manifestation.

METHODSAll patients of femoral neck fracture (FNF) and osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) were treated with THA by the same operating team from January to December of 2014, including 22 patients with FNF (11 males and 11 females,with age from 44 to 83 years old (means 66.18 ± 11.47) and 23 patients with ONFH (12 males and 11 females, with age from 19 to 68 years old (means 51.91 ± 11.76). After THA, height of femorals, offsets, osteotomy position and adjusting modes were measured and the statistic analysis was done.

RESULTSAfter THA, all patients were measured. Decreased femoral height, offsets and lower osteotomy positions were found in patients with FNF than those with ONFH, and 3 kinds of adjustments because of lower-positional osteotomy were found.

CONCLUSIONAfter THA, lower-positional osteotomy and decreased femoral offsets may occur on patients with FNF. The adjustments caused by lower-positional osteotomy may lead to negative results.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; pathology ; surgery ; Femur ; pathology ; Femur Head Necrosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)on children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome(SDNS).Methods Sixteen children with SDNS,diagnosed at onset,included 12 males and 4 females,aged(5.0?1.6) years,were administrated with MMF[25 mg/(kg?d)] and low-dose prednisone[0.5-1.0 mg/(kg?d),average 0.67 mg/(kg?d)].MMF was reduced to half of initial dosage after 6 months and maintained for 3 months,while dosage of prednisone was tapered gradually based on patients disease profile.Twenty-four hours urinary protein excretion,serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen,liver function were conducted regularly,respectively.The clinical efficacy and safety were assessed after 3 months treatment.Results Thirteen of 16 patients treated with MMF and prednisone remained in complete remission.Three children remained remission partly.Difference markedly was observed in 24 hours urinary protein excretion and serum albumin before and after treatment.Conclusions MMF is an effective and safe immunosuppressive agent for children with SDNS.

Objective - （ ） To analyze the current situation of work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs in neck and low ， Methods back of acupuncturists and to explore its influencing factors. A total of 272 acupuncturists from 21 hospitals above grade B level in Guangdong Province were selected as study subjects using convenient sampling method. The revised Chinese ， version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs in the past one year and Results the influencing factors of WMSDs in the high incidence areas such as neck and low back were analyzed. The annual （ ）， （ ） prevalence of WMSDs among acupuncturists was 94.9%. The prevalence of WMSDs in the neck 81.6% low back 81.6% （ ） ， and shoulder 63.2% was the highest and the prevalence of WMSDs in both the neck and low back was 73.5%. The prevalence - - （ vs ，P ） of multi site WMSDs was higher than that of single site WMSDs 86.0% 8.8% <0.01 . Multivariate logistic regression ， - ， ， analysis showed that acupuncturists who were female long time sitting work repeated operations within one minute and work （ P ） changing every day were common risk factors for neck or low back WMSDs or both neck and low back all <0.05 . Keeping the ， ， same posture for a long time driving to work and personnel shortage were risk factors for low back WMSDs in acupuncturists （ P ） （P ）Conclusion all <0.05 . Uncomfortable working posture was a risk factor for WMSDs in both neck and low back <0.05 . - ， - Acupuncturists are the high risk population of WMSDs and the neck and low back are the high risk sites of WMSDs. The influencing factors of WMSDs in acupuncturists include individual factors and occupational factors such as poor ergonomics and work organization.

Objective To investigate the effect of angiotensin 1 -7 ( Ang1-7) on cell proliferation and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( p-ERK) level in C6 cells.Methods C6 cells con-taining Mas, the angiotensin 1-7 receptor, was selected as the model of glioma.Cells were divided into three groups: normal control group, Ang1-7 treatment group, A779 +Ang1 -7 treatment group.MTT method was adopted to detect cell proliferation.Western bolt method was adopted to detect the p-ERK/ERK levels.Results Cell proliferation and p-ERK level were inhibited by angiotensin 1 -7, which function was antagonized by A779.Conclusion Angiotensin 1-7 could inhibit p-ERK level and cell proliferation through Mas receptor in C6 cells.

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of oxidative stress in development of acute high altitude response (AHAR) during the process of strong physical work at high altitude and its change after return to lower altitude.

METHODSNinety-six officers and soldiers of rapid entering into high altitude (3 700 m) with strong physical work were analyzed, all subjects were male, aged 18-35 years. According to the symptomatic scores of AHAR were divided into 3 groups: severe AHAR (group A, n = 24), mild AHAR (group B, n = 47) and without AHAR (group C, n = 25). Levels in serum 8-iso prostaglandinF2alpha(8-iso-PGF2alpha), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were measured at higher altitude stayed 50 d and after return to lower altitude (1 500 m) 12 h and 15 d, and 50 healthy volunteers (group D) at 1 500 m altitude served as controll.

RESULTSLevels of serum 8-iso-PGF2alpha and MDA [(9.53 +/- 0.47) microg/L, (8.91 +/- 0.39) micromol/L] were significantly higher in group A than those in group B [(8.34 +/- 0.42) microg/L, (7.31 +/- 0.32) micromol/L] , group C [(7.02 +/- 0.48) microg/L, (6.41 +/- 0.23) micromol/L] and group D [(5.13 +/- 0.56) microg/L, (5.48 +/- 0.33) micromol/L], (all P < 0.01), and serum SOD [(52.08 +/- 3.44) micro/ml] was significantly lower in group A than that in group B [62.27 +/- 2.54) micro/ml], group C [(71.99 +/- 3.35) micro/ml] and group D [(80.78 +/- 3.44) micro/ ml] (all P < 0.01), there were significant differences between group B and C, C and D (all P < 0.01). At altitude 3 700 m 50 d, AHAR scores was positively correlated with serum 8-iso-PGF2alpha and MDA (all P < 0.01), negatively correlated with SOD (P < 0.01). Serum 8-iso-PGF2alpha and MDA were negatively correlated with SOD (all P < 0.01). Levels of serum 8-iso-PGF2alpha and MDA were significantly higher at altitude of 3 700 m 50 d than those at altitude of 1 500 m 12 h,15 d in group D (all P < 0.01), and serum SOD was significantly lower than that at 1 500 m 12 h,15 d in group D (all P < 0.01), there were significantly difference between at 1 500 m 12 h and 15 d (all P < 0.01), there were no difference between at 15 d in group D (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe more serious of oxidative stress and oxidative/antioxidative imbalance, the more serious of AHAR, oxidative stress and oxidative/antioxidative imbalance may be involved in the development of AHAR. The changes were obviously improved after return to lower altitude 12 h, and recovered to normal after 15 d.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Altitude ; Altitude Sickness ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; physiology ; Physical Exertion ; physiology ; Young Adult

Obstructive nephropathy ultimately leads to end-stage renal failure. Renovascular lesions are involved in various nephropathies, and most renal diseases have an ischemic component that underlies the resulting renal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether morphological changes occur in the renal vasculature in hydronephrosis and the possible mechanisms involved. A model of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) was used. Experimental animals were divided into five groups: a normal control group (N) and groups of animals at 1st week (O1), 2nd week (O2), 4th week (O4) and 8th week (O8) after CUUO. Blood pressure was measured, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were assessed quantitatively, and renovascular three-dimensional reconstruction was performed on all groups. Glomerular ultrastructural changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in the obstructed groups (O1, O2, O4 and O8). Three-dimensional reconstruction showed sparse arterial trees in the O8 group, and a tortuous and sometimes ruptured glomerular basement membrane was found in the O4 and O8 groups. Furthermore, epithelial media thickness and media/lumen ratio were increased, lumen diameters were decreased, and the cross-sectional area of the media was unaltered in the segmental renal artery, interlobar artery and afferent arterioles, respectively. In conclusion, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were dramatically altered following CUUO and the changes may be partially ascribed to vascular remodeling. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of renovascular morphological alterations will enable the development of potential therapeutic approaches for hydronephrosis.

Total saponins of Panax notoginseng (PNS) have been shown to ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis. Ginsenoside Rg1, a panaxatriol saponin, is one of the major active molecules from PNS. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on renal fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operation (n=15), UUO (n=15) and UUO with ginsenoside Rg1 treatment (n=15, 50 mg per kg body weight, intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected). The rats were sacrificed on Days 7 and 14 after the surgery. Histological examination demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly inhibited interstitial fibrosis including tubular injury as well as collagen deposition. alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and E-cadherin are two markers of tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transition (TEMT). Interestingly, ginsenoside Rg1 notably decreased alpha-SMA expression and simultaneously enhanced E-cadherin expression. The messenger RNA (mRNA) of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), a key mediator to regulate TEMT, in the obstructed kidney increased dramatically, but was found to decrease significantly after administration of ginsenoside Rg1. Further study showed that ginsenoside Rg1 considerably decreased the levels of both active TGF-beta1 and phosphorylated Smad2 (pSmad2). Moreover, ginsenoside Rg1 substantially suppressed the expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a cytokine which can promote the transcription of TGF-beta1 mRNA and the activation of latent TGF-beta1. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with UUO. The mechanism might be partly related to the blocking of TEMT via suppressing the expression of TSP-1.
Actins ; biosynthesis ; Animals ; Cadherins ; biosynthesis ; Collagen Type I ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fibronectins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Nephritis, Interstitial ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Smad2 Protein ; biosynthesis ; Thrombospondin 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Ureteral Obstruction ; metabolism ; pathology

AIMTo investigate the chemical composition of the root of Salvia przewalskii Maxim.

METHODSCompounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectral analysis (EI-MS, FAB-MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C COSY, HMBC, NOESY) and phytochemical properties.

RESULTSEight compounds were isolated and identified as: tanshinone II-A (I), crypotanshinone (II), przewaquinone A (III), sugiol (IV), ursolic acid (V), 2 alpha, 3 alpha-dihydroxy urs-12-ene-28-acid (VI), oleanolic acid (VII), and neo-przewaquinone A (VIII).

CONCLUSIONCompound VIII is a new compound, and compound II, IV, V, VI and VII are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Oleanolic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Salvia ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

AIMTo explore the changes of rat platelet phospholipase A2 (PLA2) mRNA content in bacteria infected rat and study the cDNA and amino acid sequences of the PLA2 structure to lay a good foundation for the development of new antibiotics.

METHODSThe PLA2 mRNA level in blood was determined by RT-PCR. The DNA sequence was cloned and analyzed.

RESULTSAfter injection of bacteria in rats, the mRNA level of PLA2 in blood increased markedly. The cDNA and amino acid sequence were highly homologous to other PLA2 cDNA from different tissues of the rat.

CONCLUSIONPlatelet PLA2 in blood responded quickly to bacteria infection in gene level. Therefore, the PLA2 protein was produced increasingly which was shown to control the infection with bacteria. Although there are little difference between PLA2 cDNA cloned from blood and other sources in DNA and amino acid sequences, the catalytic site for enzymatic activity and basic structure are identical.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phospholipases A ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phospholipases A2 ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Staphylococcal Infections ; blood ; Staphylococcus aureus