Abstract?AIM:To investigate the clinical effect of orthokeratology for 400 juvenile with myopia astigmatism and its effects on corneal endothelial cells.?METHODS:Four hundred patients(800 eyes), of whom the average age was 11.5 ±2.3 years old, 239 male, 161 female, were divided into two groups: orthokeratology group and spectacles group. Parameters including efficacy data ( uncorrected visual acuity, corneal curvature, axial length and diopter ) and corneal endothelial cell data ( count of endothelial cell, endothelial cell density, fluorescein staining and central corneal thickness) were observed at 1d, 1, 6, 12 and 24mo after wearing.? RESULTS: The visual acuity of spectacles group recovered to normal after wearing, that of orthokeratology group recovered to normal at 1mo after wearing.At 2a after wearing, the corneal curvature, diopter of orthokeratology group decreased significantly (40.09 ±0.31D, 0.23 ±0.06D respectively); while those of spectacles group increased, the differences between the two groups were significant (P<0.05).The axial length of the two groups increased slightly at 1mo after wearing ( P>0.05 ) compared to those before wearing. At 2a after wearing, the axial length of the two groups were 23.96 ± 0.38mm, 26.49±0.88mm respectively (P<0.05).At 2a after wearing, central corneal thickness was 527.33 ± 27.69mm, 526.98±26.89μm(P>0.05).The count of endothelial cell and endothelial cell density both decreased after wearing without significant differences (P>0.05).?CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology has less effect on the corneal endothelial cells, no obvious adverse reactions and can control the prognosis of myopia.

Objective To study the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor benazepri1 on apoptosis and the expression of Fas and FasL in the kidney of rats with adriamycin-indued nephritic glomeruosclerosis.Methods After uninephrectomy and the injection of adriamycin induced rats model with glomerulosclerosis, benazapril(6 mg/kg) was delivered daily by gavage to the rats in therapeutic groups for 12 weeks.Apoptosis was examined by means of terminal-deoxynucleotidyl trans ferase mediated d-UTP nick end label ling(TUNEL) and immunohistochemistry was utlized to detect the expression of Fas and FasL.Software of pathological analysis quantitated the level of Fas and FasL.Results Compared with those of the control group, the kidney of model group had moresevere glomerulosclerosis, much more apoptotic cells and higher level of exprssion of Fas and FasL. The degree of glomeruloscleroais, the nuxner of apoptotic cells and the level of expression of Fas and FasL were ameliofated by benazepril treatment.Conclusion Benazepril may suppress the excessive apoptosis of kidney cell by lowering the expression of the protin correlatng apoptosis Fas and FasL,so as to postpone the process of glomeruosclerosis.

Salmonella enterica serovar Cerro 87, which was isolated from a commercial egg-producing farm, has a phosphorothioated DNA backbone resulting DNA degradation(Dnd) during the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) process. In this research, a gene deletion mutant XTG103 was engineered with the entire dnd gene cluster knocked out by double crossover using vector pKOV-kan, and lost Dnd phenotype corre- spondingly. We regulated the DNA phosphorothioation by heterogenous expression of dnd gene cluster with an isopropyl ?-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) inducible promoter PlacZ.

pHZ1080, an E. coli-Streptomyces shuttle expression vector was constructed in order to explore the utilization of lambda phage regulated expression elements in Streptomyces. A 2.7 kb polyketide synthase (PKS) gene from Streptomyces sp. FR-008 was inserted into downstream of lambda phage promoter (PR) to give the shuttle plasmid, pHZ1067. The PKS protein was expressed in Streptomyces lividans carrying pHZ1067 in a heat-dependent manner, as it did in E. coli. The PKS protein expressed in both hosts with same molecular weight was detected by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot. The successful heat-induced expression of PKS suggested that pHZ1080 was useful and convenient for heat-induced expression of heterologous genes in both E. coli and Streptomyces.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Western ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multienzyme Complexes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Streptomyces ; enzymology ; genetics ; Temperature

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of placement of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) via the upper versus lower extremity veins in neonates through a Meta analysis. METHODS: CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP Data, CBMdisc, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched for control studies on the effect of PICC placement via the upper versus lower extremity veins in neonates. RevMan 5.3 was used to perform a Meta analysis of the studies which met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: A total of 18 studies were included, among which there were 8 randomized controlled trials and 10 cohort studies, with 4 890 subjects in total. Compared with those undergoing PICC placement via the upper extremity veins, the neonates undergoing PICC placement via the lower extremity veins had significantly lower incidence rates of complications (RR=0.83, 95%CI: 0.75-0.92, P<0.05), catheter-related infections (RR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.60-0.99, P<0.05), catheter malposition (RR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.18-0.42, P<0.05), extravasation of the infusate (RR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.40-0.70, P<0.05), and unplanned extubation (RR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.69-0.98, P<0.05). They also had a significantly higher first-attempt success rate of puncture (RR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.05-1.30, P<0.05) and a significantly shorter PICC indwelling time (MD=-0.93, 95%CI: -1.26-0.60, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The above evidence shows that PICC placement via the lower extremity veins has a better effect than PICC placement via the upper extremity veins in neonates.
Catheterization, Central Venous ; Catheterization, Peripheral ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lower Extremity ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To explore the relationship of central obesity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in skeletal muscle.Methods Fifty healthy kunming mice at the neonatal stage were randomly divided into control group (n =20 cases) and test group (n =30 cases).To obtain the obese models,test group mice were injected with 10％ monosodium glutamate (3 mg · g-1 · d-1)for 5 days at cervical subcutaneous.In addition,mice were removed according to the requirements.Finally,we got 12 mice in each group.We detected body weight of the mice every two weeks,then Lee' s index was calculated.Body temperature was detected per week.At the end of 8th week,the blood specimens was collected from the eyeball to detect the serum lipid using automatic biochemistry analyzer.The perirenal white adipose tissue (WAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) were isolated and weighed.Furthermore,the levels of BDNF in skeletal muscle were investigated through western blotting in order to analyze the relationship between BDNF with central obesity.Results At the 6th weekend,the body weight of test and control groups were (39.71±2.55) and (32.83 ±2.30)g,the Lee's indexes were (365.02 ±3.83) and (337.54±4.10) g1/3 · cm-1,at the 8th weekend,the body weight of test and control groups were (48.12 ± 3.61) and (39.51 ± 3.52)g,the Lee's indexes were (361.93 ± 7.12) and (325.17 ± 6.87)g1/3 · cm-1 Above indexes had significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.001).At the 6th weekend,the temperature of the two groups were (36.30 ± 0.07) and (36.67 ± 0.07) ℃,at the 7th weekend,the temperature of the two groups were (36.40 ±0.08)and (36.79 ± 0.10)℃ respectively,at the 8th weekend,the temperature of the two groups were (36.31 ± 0.09)and(36.80 ± 0.10)℃ respectively.Above indexes had significant difference between the two groups.At the 8th weekend,the main indexes in test and control groups were compared:the total cholesterol were(2.91±0.25) and (1.86 ± 0.51) mmol · L-1,the triglyceride were (1.48 ± 0.62) and (0.81 ±0.23)mmol · L-1,the low-density lipoprotein were (0.37 ± 0.06) and (0.29 ± 0.05) mmol · L-1,the WAT were (0.75 ± 0.08) and (0.24 ± 0.05) g,the BAT were (0.31 ± 0.07) and (0.17 ±-0.01) g,the value of the BAT/WAT were (0.41 ±0.08) and (0.71 ± 0.12),the expression of BDNF were (0.63 ± 0.07) and (0.98 ± 0.06).The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Down-regulation of BDNF in skeletal muscle may be involved with central obesity of mice by affecting energy metabolism.

BACKGROUNDThe application of pulmonary valved conduit to reconstruct the continuity between right ventricles and pulmonary artery is one of the major surgeries. This study aimed to establish an in vivo model of in situ implantation using pulmonary valved conduit in large animals under off-pump condition to validate the long-term effects of artificial pulmonary valved conduit.

METHODSDomesticate juvenile male sheep and tissue-engineered porcine pulmonary valved conduit were used for the experiment: 30 sheep, weighing (15 ± 3) kg (range 13 to 17 kg) were randomly divided into two groups which were all operated under general anesthesia by off-pump surgery (group 1) and left thoracotomy (group 2). Two different off-pump surgical methods were used to perform cannulation in sheep pulmonary artery to replace part of sheep pulmonary artery with pulmonary valved conduit which will work together with sheep pulmonary artery and valves. During the experiments, animal survival, complication rates, operating time and blood loss were recorded to compare the results between groups and to establish a surgical method with minimal invasion, simplicity, safety, and high success rates.

RESULTSIn group 1, a total of 15 cases of surgeries were performed, in which two sheep died; the operative mortality was 13.3% (2/15). In group 2, a total of 15 cases of surgeries were performed, and the surgical mortality rate was 0 (0/15). The operation time and blood loss in group 2 was significantly better than that in group 1. The postoperative echocardiograms showed that, after the surgeries by these two methods, the blood flows were normal, and the valves can open and close freely. Autopsy after 6 months showed that the inner wall and the valves of pulmonary valved conduit were smooth with no thrombus formation.

CONCLUSIONThese two off-pump methods are feasible and safe with fewer traumas; but the second method is better and particularly suitable for the establishment of a juvenile animal model.

Animals ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Male ; Pulmonary Valve ; Sheep ; Swine ; Tissue Engineering

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEInvasion and metastasis are the most common causes of mortality for patients with colorectal neoplasms, and blocking invasion and metastasis in a timely fashion has become a hot research focus. We investigated the expression of the messenger RNA of Syndecan-1 and HPA-1 in colorectal cancer, and their correlation with invasion and metastasis.

METHODSReal-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expression of Syndecan-1 and HPA-1 in specimens from 49 patients with colorectal cancer, 49 paired adjacent colorectal neoplasms (2 cm from the carcinoma), and 49 surgical margins of paired normal colorectal mucosa tissue (5 cm from the carcinoma), to analyze their correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics of colorectal neoplasm.

RESULTSThe expression of HPA-1 mRNA was significantly higher in colorectal cancer (40.56 +/- 11.75) than that in the paired adjacent colorectal neoplasms (18.28 +/- 11.33) and normal colorectal mucosa tissue (10.80 +/- 10.20) (all P < 0.001). The expression of HPA-1 mRNA was significantly higher in paired adjacent colorectal neoplasms than that in normal colorectal mucosa (P < 0.05). The expression of Syndecan-1 mRNA was significantly higher in normal colorectal mucosa (61.21 +/- 12.96) than in the paired adjacent mucosa (14.35 +/- 11.06) or colorectal cancer (10.12 +/- 8.58) (all P < 0.001). The expression of Syndecan-1 mRNA was significantly higher in the paired adjacent mucosa than that in colorectal cancer (P < 0.05). The decreased expression of Syndecan-1 mRNA and the increased expression of HPA-1 were closely associated with the degree of differentiation, the depth of infiltration, lymph node metastasis, vessel metastasis, and TNM staging of colorectal cancer (all P < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between Syndecan-1 and HPA-1(r = -0.405, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of Syndecan-1 mRNA was significantly highest in normal colorectal mucosa and the expression of HPA-1 mRNA was significantly highest in colorectal cancer. At the same time, the decreased expression of Syndecan-1 mRNA and the increased expression of HPA-1 mRNA can promote the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer. The determination of Syndecan-1 and HPA-1 may be of value in the treatment as well as in the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glucuronidase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Syndecan-1 ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo construct a high metastatic potential human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) orthotopic transplantation model with palliative liver resection in nude mice.

METHODSA human HCC orthotopic nude mice model was established by administering a single inoculation of the highly metastatic MHCC97H tumor tissue (size 2 mm * 2 mm * 2 mm) into the left liver lobe. At day 14 post-inoculation, a random group of the mice received palliative liver resection; the unresected mice served as controls. Changes in expression levels of 113 genes with metastasis-related functions were evaluated in the residual HCC tissues. At day 35 post-resection, a random group of the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and a comprehensive metastases examination was performed. The remaining mice were used to observe life span. All statistical analyses were performed by the SPSS v17.0 software, and significance was defined as P less than 0.05.

RESULTSThe nude mouse model of highly metastatic HCC with palliative liver resection was successfully established. Incidences of intrahepatic and abdominal metastases were higher in the palliative resected group (vs. unresected group: 11.7+/-4.7 vs. 6.3+/-2.8, t = -2.412, P less than 0.05 and 9.8+/-3.4 vs. 5.2+/-2.6, t = -2.641, P less than 0.05 respectively). In addition, the palliative resected group showed significantly enhanced pulmonary metastasis (vs. unresected group: 14.3+/-4.7 vs. 8.7+/-4.7, t = -2.348, P less than 0.05). Differential gene expression levels were found for MTSS1, TGFbl, SMAD2, IL-1b, and MMP7, and were situated in the central position of gene function net of residual HCC. The life-span of the palliative resected group was significantly longer than that of the unresected group (60.8+/-2.7 vs. 51.3+/-1.4 days, x2 = 12.850, P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe highly metastatic human HCC nude mouse model with palliative liver resection that was successfully constructed in this study represents a useful investigational tool to assess the biological characteristics of residual cancer and to screen therapeutic strategies.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; surgery ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; surgery ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Tumor Cells, Cultured