OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of two surgical techniques for controllong nasal width after Le Fort I osteotomy.

METHODSFifty-five patients who received the Le Fort I osteotomy have been included in this study. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group received extraoral ABS, and the control group received traditional intraoral ABS. 3D photos of the patient's face were taken before operation and at postoperative 3 months. Alar width was measured on the 3D photos. Data was reported as means and standard deviations, and statistic analysis was done by using student t test.

RESULTSCompared with presurgical data, G. lat-G. lat increased by (2.66 +/- 1.47) mm, Al-Al increased by (2.20 +/- 1.22) mm and Sbal-Sbal increased by (1.30 +/- 1.33) mm in experimental group. G. lat-G. lat increased by (1.38 +/- 1.29) mm, Al-Al increased by (1.06 +/- 0.95) mm and Sbal-Sbal increased by (0.36 +/- 1.33) mm in the control group. There was significant difference between two groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe surgical technique of ABS is the most important factor for determining the postoperative alar width. Both techniques have better effect on the Sbal-Sbal width control than the G. lat-G. lat and Al-Al width control. Traditional intraoral ABS can more effectively control the alar width. Both techniques cannot completely control the alar base widening after Le Fort I osteotomy.

Face ; Humans ; Nose ; anatomy & histology ; Nose Deformities, Acquired ; surgery ; Osteotomy, Le Fort ; adverse effects ; Photography

The clinical thinking modes of "integrative disease and Syndrome" and "integrative macroscopical Syndrome-differentiation and microscopical Syndrome-differentiation" formed in the past half century were merely the primary train of thought and methodology of integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine. In order to develop them to a higher level, stress should be put on the unity and holism of disordered organism and unity of function, structure and metabolism. It has long been ignored that a parallel and correlated relationship exists between the TCM Syndrome and pathological process of Western medicine, which is a common, set-formed and regular pathophysiological changes with certain development phase, presented in various diseases. Both have common features as that the same pathological process can be seen in different diseases and several pathological progresses can present in one disease, the same Syndrome also can be seen in different diseases and several Syndromes can present in a disease. Moreover, they have the compatible connotation and denotation. The author deduced that pathophysiological basis of main Syndrome is indeed the basic pathological process. Essence of Syndrome is the related pathological processes including abnormal changes in function, metabolism and morphological structure.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; Clinical Medicine ; methods ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Holistic Health ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods

To study the telomerase activity in the bone marrow MNCs from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes in comparison with that in normal individuals and acute leukemia patients. The intracellular telomerase activity was semi-quantitatively examined by PCR-ELISA assay in the marrow cells of 20 normal individuals, 21 cases of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and 32 cases of acute leukemia. Telomerase activity in normal marrow cells was 0 - 0.30 U, with a mean level of (0.11 +/- 0.08) U, in which 3 cases were considered positive according to the standard set by the Kit. In 32 acute leukemia patients, the mean level of telomerase activity was (0.42 +/- 0.26) U (ranged 0 - 0.96 U) with a positive rate of 78.1%, showing a significantly higher activity in acute leukemia (P < 0.01). Moderate telomerase activity was detected in 21 cases of MDS, with a mean level of (0.27 +/- 0.19) U (0 - 0.97 U) from which the positive rate was 66.7%. This value was significantly higher than that in the normal BM (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significantly higher telomerase activity was shown in the high-risk group of MDS (P < 0.05). Based on the international scoring system evaluating the prognosis of MDS (IPPS), telomerase activity in HIGH subgroup was significantly higher than that in INT-1 and INT-2 subgroup (P < 0.05). The level of telomerase activity was not correlated to the chromosome aberrations. These results show that a borderline telomerase activity could be found in normal bone marrow cells. Telomerase activity was markedly higher in acute leukemia. BM of MDS patients demonstrated a moderate telomerase activity. Higher telomerase activity could be found in high-risk group and correlated with poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence of injuries among residents living in the communities in Zhejiang.

METHODSA household questionnaire survey was conducted to 16 899 residents in four communities.

RESULTSThe incidence of injuries was 16.11% in total, higher in urban area than in rural area and higher in men than in women. The leading causes of injuries were falls (4.80%), knife-cutting or by sharp articles (3.86%), traffic accident (2.07%), collision (1.99%), scalds (1.13%) and animal bites (1.06%). Peak incidence of age group was different in different injuries, such as traffic accident was high in 45 - 60 age group and falls was high in 5 and 60 age group. Direct economic loss for each case with injury would cost 324.21 RMB yuan.

CONCLUSIONInjury was common and frequently occurred among residents at the community level which seriously on danger their health and families.

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Bites and Stings ; epidemiology ; Burns ; epidemiology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Community Health Services ; Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology ; mortality

OBJECTIVETo study the application of distraction osteogenesis (DO) of the mandibular ramus in hemifacial microsomia.

METHODSFrom 1999 to 2006, 15 patients with hemifacial microsomia were treated with DO of the ramus, including 12 cases of children and juveniles, 3 cases of grown-ups. Maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy, unilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, genioplasty and free scapular flaps were selected to perform on the first or secondary stage of treatment.

RESULTSSuccessful distraction was achieved in all patients with an average distraction distance of 21.25 mm. The distractor was removed after consolidation proved by clinical examination and X-ray. Facial appearance and and occlusal relationship were improved greatly. The occlusal plane was almost normal. There was no infection, malunion or permanent injury of inferior alveolar nerve.

CONCLUSIONSDO of the ramus is very effective for the correction of severe hemifacial microsomia. It has much better therapeutic effect than traditional orthognathic procedures.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Facial Asymmetry ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; surgery ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVECondylectomy was performed to treat condylar osteoma or hyperplasia. Introduced two methods of condylectomy via intraoral approach and evaluated their clinical results.

METHODSThirty-five patients, aging from 22 to 57.21 years, were treated by condylectomy via intraoral approach, of which 21 were condyle osteoma, 14 hemimandibular hyperplasia and condylar hyperplasia. Intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) were used in 32 patients and intraoral condylectomy via coronoid process resection was used in 3 patients.

RESULTSThe treatment results including oral function and facial symmetry after the operation were good in all patients. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction syndrome alleviated or disappeared. The follow-up period was 6 months to 3 years, and no relapse of condylar osteoma or hyperplasia was found. The patients who had IVRO and TMJ reconstruction had some degree of transplanted bone resorption, and one patients had relapse of facial deformity. But the patients who had intraoral condylectomy via coronoid process resection only had mild condyle remodeling and no obvious bone resorption was noted.

CONCLUSIONSThe two methods of intraoral condylectomy introduced in this stugy can successfully correct the facial deformity and TMJ dysfunction caused by condylar osteoma or hyperplasia. But the surgeons need to have excellent surgical skills and careful selection of the indications.

Adult ; Facial Asymmetry ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Mandible ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Mandibular Condyle ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Mandibular Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Oral Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Osteoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Temporomandibular Joint ; physiology ; surgery ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effect of distraction osteogenesis for patients with mandibular micrognathia secondary to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis.

METHODS43 patients (aged from 2 to 61 years old) with mandibular micrognathia were treated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Two types of mechanical distraction were utilized in this study. Ten patients (age ranged from 2 to 16-years-old, mean age 7.6 years old) with severe micrognathia underwent bilateral mandibular distraction with rigid external distraction (RED) device. Other 33 patients were treated with unilateral(6 cases) or bilateral (27 cases) mandibular distraction using internal distraction device. Distraction was started on the 4th to 8th day after operation and distraction rate was 0.25 mm every time, four times a day. Distractor was removed after 3 to 6 months of consolidation period.

RESULTSEighty sides of mandible in 43 patients were lengthened. The mean distraction distance was 23.2 mm (ranged from 14 to 35 mm). After distraction, the average posterior airway space (PAS) was enlarged from 4.9 mm to 10.4 mm and average angle of sella-nasion-point B (SNB) was increased from 64.2 degrees to 74.5 degrees. The apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was decrease significantly. The profile was improved and OSA was improved effectively in each patient. No complication occurred during treatment. No persistent numbness of lower lip was observed. All patients were satisfied with the results. After a mean follow-up period of 20.3 months(5 to 103 months) , the result was stable and no obvious relapse of micrognathia was observed.

CONCLUSIONSDistraction osteogenesis is an effective way in correction of mandibular micrognathia secondary to TMJ ankylosis. RED is a new method for treatment of children and adolescence with severe mandibular micrognathia. The procedure is simple and safe with stable result.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankylosis ; complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Mandible ; surgery ; Micrognathism ; etiology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; instrumentation ; methods ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; complications ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) on the infiltrative patterns of human monocytic leukemic cell line SHI-1 in nude mice.

METHODS1) 1 x 10(7) TIMP-2 gene transduced SHI-1 (SHI-1-TIMP-2) and SHI-1 transduced MSCV gene (SHI-1-MSCV) cells were inoculated via tail vein into 6-week nude mice, which pretreated by splenectomy, cytoxan intraperitoneal injection, and sublethal irradiation(referred as SCI nude mice). 30 days after inoculation, half of the mice were sacrificed, and the infiltration patterns were investigated by histological exam and human CD45 immunohistochemistry, other mice were observed for survival time. 2) Leukemic cells inoculated subcutaneously into the axillary area of mice without any pre-treatment. On day 23 and 30, mice were sacrificed to measure the volume of neoplasm. TIMP-2 protein expression and the micro vein density were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn SCI nude mice inoculated via caudal vein with SHI-1-TIMP-2 cells, the survival time was shorter and infiltration (including in central nervous system) was higher than that in those inoculated with SHI-1-MSCV cells. However, in inoculated subcutaneously group, the neoplasm though grew rapidly at first, over expression of TIMP-2 limited the tumor growth and angiogenesis.

CONCLUSIONThe functions of TIMP-2 are diversity; the role of TIMP-2 in tumor infiltration and metastasis was worthy of further investigation.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Leukemia, Experimental ; genetics ; pathology ; Leukemic Infiltration ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of the haplotypes and genotype combinations of vitamin D receptor (VDR) BsmI (rs1544410), Tru9I (rs757343), ApaI (rs7975232), and TaqI (rs731236) with the susceptibility to elevated blood lead in Chinese Han population.

METHODSAccording to Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Chronic Lead Poisoning (GBZ 37-2002) and Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Agents in the Workplace Part 1: Chemical Hazardous Agents (GBZ 2.1-2007), the workers were divided into high-exposure group (lead dust ≥ 0.05 mg/m(3), lead fume ≥ 0.03 mg/m(3)) and low-exposure group based on the concentrations of lead fume and lead dust in the workplace. The high-exposure group was further divided into normal-blood lead subgroup and high-blood lead subgroup. Fasting peripheral venous blood (5 ml) was collected using a heparin tube; genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood cells with a Qiagen kit; single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected by allelic discrimination assay using TaqMan probes (carrying fluorescent dyes); haplotypes were analyzed and compared by Haploview.

RESULTSVDR BsmI, Tru9I, ApaI, and TaqI were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium between the normal-blood lead subgroup and high-blood lead subgroup (P > 0.05). Compared with haplotype CCCA which had the highest distribution frequency, haplotypes CCAA and CTCA were the high-risk factors for elevated blood lead (OR = 1.814, 95%CI = 1.055 ∼ 3.119; OR = 1.919, 95%CI = 1.040 ∼ 3.540). Compared with genotype combination CC + CC + CC + AA which had the highest distribution frequency, genotype combination CC + CC + AC + AA was the high-risk factor for elevated blood lead (OR = 2.800, 95%CI = 1.282 ∼ 6.116).

CONCLUSIONAs for VDR BsmI, Tru9I, ApaI, and TaqI, haplotypes CCAA and CTCA and genotype combination CC + CC + AC + AA are associated with the susceptibility to elevated blood lead.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Lead ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility and the therapeutic effect of orthognathic surgical procedures combined distraction osteogenesis and scapular flap for correction of progressive hemifacial atrophy.

METHODS5 cases with progressive hemifacial atrophy were treated. 1 mild case was treated with microsurgical de-epithelia scapular flap (MDSF) and genioplasty in one stage. The 2 moderate cases were treated with Le Fort 1 osteotomy following by sagittal split ramus osteotomy and genioplasty at the first stage. 3 - 6 months later, the MDSFs were used for augmentation. 2 sever cases were treated with bimaxillary distraction osteogenesis on the affected side. 3 - 4 months later, the distraction devices were removed and MDSFs were transplanted.

RESULTSThe facial asymmetry was obviously improved. The orthognathic procedures and distraction osteogenesis achieved good therapeutic effect. All the MDSFs were survived.

CONCLUSIONSThe progressive hemifacial atrophy can result in very severe deformity when it occurs in very young age. The combined deformity of bone and soft tissue can be effectively corrected by orthognathic procedures combined with distraction osteogenesis and scapular flap transplantation.

Adolescent ; Facial Hemiatrophy ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps