OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect of bridging fixation with locking plate for the Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture.

METHODSFrom March 2009 to September 2014,18 cases of Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture were treated by open reduction and bridging fixation with locking plate through proximal and distal approach including 16 males and 2 females with an average age of 41 years old ranging from 22 to 67 years old. Among them, 12 cases caused by traffic accident, 5 cases by falling, 1 case by heavy aboving. All cases were fresh and closed fractures. Time between injury and operation was from 4 to 9 days with an average of 6.2 days. Of them, 11 cases were fixed with reverse LISS and the other 7 cases were fixed with anatomical locking plates of proximal femur.

RESULTSThe mean time of operation was 110 min (ranged from 90 to 155 min). The mean blood loss during operation was 425 ml (ranged from 350 to 650 ml) and 16 cases got blood transfusion which was meanly 300 ml. The mean hospital time was 14 days (ranged from 12 to 18 days). The mean duration of followed up was 11.8 months (ranged from 8 to 22 months). The mean time of bone union was 6.6 months (ranged from 5 to 8 months). There was not any complication such as infection, implant failure, hip varus, external rotation deformity of low limb or fat embolism. The Sanders hip scores were 53.22 ± 6.48, the result was excellent in 12 cases and good in 6 cases at the last follow-up.

CONCLUSIONUnder the principle of biological osteosynthesis, treatment of Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture with bridging locking plate fixation has such advantages as high mechanism, less interference of blood supply, stable fixation and little complication. It is a safe and idea way for the treatment of the Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Animals ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; history ; immunology ; virology ; Russia ; epidemiology

Animals ; Global Health ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; history ; virology ; Spain ; epidemiology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To develop a method for the determination of total cholesterol in serum by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS/MS).Methods Serum samples were supplemented by addition of [3,4-~(13)C_2]-cholesterol,hydrolyzed with alcoholic sodium hydroxide and oxidized into cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione by chromic acid.The oxidation products were analyzed by LC/MS/MS using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source and detection modes of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and single ion recording (SIR).Signals (peak areas) of the internal standard were corrected for the contributions of cholesterol and the signal ratios of cholesterol to internal standard for the calibrations were linearly regressed against cholesterol concentrations.The resulted regression equation was used for the calculation of serum cholesterol concentrations.Results The correlation coefficients between the peak area ratios and cholesterol concentrations were 0.999 9 and higher.Under MRM mode,the average within-run CV of the results obtained on 3 serum samples was 0.95% (ranged from 0.92% to 0.99%) and the total CVwas 0.86% (0.82% to 0.89%),and under SIR mode,the within-run CV was 0.64% (from 0.54% to 0.77%) and the total CVwas O.69% (0.62% to 0.81%),respectively. Results on certified reference materials (SRM 1951 a Level Ⅰ and Level Ⅱ;GBW 09145 and GBW 09147) showed an average bias of 0.23% (0.14% to 1.00%) under MRM mode,and 0.24% (0.07% to 1.27%) under SIR mode.Conclusions An ID-LC/MS/MS method for serum cholesterol has been developed.It is specific and precise and may be used as a candidate reference method.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the prognostic value of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2) in node-positive breast cancer patients treated by mastectomy.

METHODSThe clinicopathological data of 835 breast cancer patients treated by mastectomy from January 2000 to December 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. All had positive axillary nodes without distant metastases and with the immunohistochemistry staining of ER, PR and Her-2 available. 764 (91.5%) patients received anthracycline- and/or taxanes-based chemotherapy. 464 (55.6%) patients received hormonal therapy. Eight (1%) patients received trastuzumab. Postmastectomy radiotherapy were given to 352 out of 437(80.5%)patients with T3-T4 and/or N2-N3 disease and 68 out of 398(20.9%)patients with T1-2N1 disease. Patients were classified into 4 subgroups according to the status of hormone receptors (ER and PR, Rec) and Her-2: Rec(-)/Her-2(-) (triple negative), Rec(-)/Her-2(+), Rec(+)/Her-2(+) and Rec(+)/Her-2(-). End points were isolated locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastases (DM), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS141 (16.9%) patients were Rec(-)/Her-2(-), 99 (11.9%) Rec(-)/Her-2(+), 157 (18.8%) Rec(+)/Her-2(+) and 438 (52.5%) Rec(+)/Her-2(-). Patients with Rec(+)/Her-2(-) breast cancer had a significantly lower 5-year LRR rate than others (6.2% vs. 12.9%, P = 0.004). Compared with patients with Rec(+) breast cancer, patients with Rec(-) breast cancer had significantly higher 5-year DM rate (26.4% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.0008), lower DFS rate (66.7% vs. 75.6%, P = 0.0001) and lower OS rate (71.4% vs. 84.2%, P = 0.0000). In multivariate analysis, Rec(+)/Her-2(-) was significantly associated with lower risk of LRR. Rec(-) was an independent prognostic factor for higher risk of DM, decreased DFS and OS.

CONCLUSIONER, PR and Her-2 are independent prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence and survival in node-positive breast cancer patients treated by mastectomy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anthracyclines ; administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Bone Neoplasms ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; therapy ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; therapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Taxoids ; administration & dosage ; Trastuzumab ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo preliminarily study the effect of prepubertal exposure of male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats to diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells after sexual maturation and its mechanism.

METHODSThirty 21-day-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups, DES 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 microg/(kg x d) and 1 control group. The experimental groups were injected (s.c.) with different doses of DES (dissolved in corn oil) during prepuberty [from postnatal day (PND) 22 to PND 35] and the control group with medium only. The apoptosis and related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax expressions of testicular spermatogenic cells were studied with TUNEL and immunohistochemistry after the rats sexual maturation (at PND 64).

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the apoptosis of testicular spermatogenic cells in the DES 0.01 microg/kg group had no difference, but significantly increased in the DES 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 microg/kg groups and the apoptosis increased with the increase of DES dose. In the control and DES 0.01 microg/kg groups, Bax protein expressed weakly but Bcl-2 protein strongly in spermatogenic cells. With the increase of DES exposure, Bax protein expression in spermatogenic cells increased but Bcl-2 protein expression decreased.

CONCLUSIONPrepubertal exposure of SD rats to inappropriate dose of DES can make the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells increase after sexual maturation. Bax and Bcl-2 proteins participate in the apoptotic course caused by prepubertal DES exposure.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Diethylstilbestrol ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; biosynthesis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sexual Maturation ; Spermatids ; drug effects ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of expression of Survivin mRNA, BCRP mRNA and HER-2 mRNA in breast cancer after TE regimen neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and to find biological markers to predict the efficiency of TE regimen neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

METHODSThe gene expressions were detected by RT-PCR from 56 breast cancer patients before and after TE regimen neoadjuvant chemotherapy (docetaxel and epirubicin). The relationships between these gene expressions and chemotherapy responses were analyzed.

RESULTSThe overall response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 71.4%, including 8.9% (5/56) with complete response and 62.5% (35/56) with partial response. Pathological complete response was found in 4 cases (7.1%). Stable disease and progression of disease were 23.2% (13/56) and 5.4% (3/56), respectively. The expression of Survivin mRNA after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 35.7% (20/56), significantly lower than 60.7% (34/56) before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.008). The expression of BCRP mRNA after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 19.6%, significantly lower than 37.5% before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.036). The positive rate of HER-2 mRNA expression was 41.1% before the chemotherapy, and reduced to 21.4% after the chemotherapy (P = 0.025). The effective rates of the single positive expression of Survivin mRNA or BCRP mRNA were both lower than that of negative expression (P < 0.05). The level of HER-2 mRNA expression alone was not significantly associated with the effective rate of chemotherapy (P = 0.144). When the expression of all Survivin mRNA, BCRP mRNA and HER-2 mRNA were negative, the effective rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was higher than that in patients with positive expression (P = 0.003). The level of Survivin mRNA expression was not significantly associated with BCRP mRNA and HER-2 mRNA (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of Survivin in combination with BCRP and HER-2 is associated with clinical response to TE neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer, and can be used as predictive biomarkers for chemosensitivity of TE regimen neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; surgery ; Disease Progression ; Epirubicin ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mastectomy, Radical ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Remission Induction ; Taxoids ; administration & dosage

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is one of malignant hematological disease on account of abnormal proliferation of B lymphocyte clone and the pathologic cells of WM possess ability to secrete monoclonal immunoglobulin M. In this study, the diagnosis and morphological characteristics of 2 patients with WM were analyzed. The results showed that a special kind of "foam cells" were found by cytochemical staining examinations in both cases, which displayed characteristics of lymphocytes, but neither monocyte-macrophage nor fatty cells. The periodic acid-Shiff's reaction (PAS) demonstrated strong positive, especially on the inclusion bodies in pathologic cell plasma while the acid phosphatase, and alpha-butanoic acetate esterase stainings, resulted both in negative. In conclusion, the cells found in the two cases reported may be described as gemmy ring-like lymphocyte in morphology, a special subtype of ring-like lymphocyte.
Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on survival, migration and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) transplanted into the brain of newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage and the recovery of nervous functions.

METHODSThe NSCs were separated from hippocampus of neonatal Wistar rats within 24 h after birth. Brdu, NSE and GFAP were used as markers of differentiation and proliferation of NSCs. The newborn rats were subjected to hypoxic-ischemic condition to induce brain damage. Seven days later, NSCs transplantation was performed for the animals. The rats were divided into normal control group, HIBD group, PBS group, NSCs transplantation group, BDNF group and BDNF + NSCs transplantation group randomly. At 4 weeks after transplantation the nervous function of rats was observed by Y-maze and nerve behavior test. After they were sacrificed, the rat brains were examined by immunocytochemistry for Brdu and by immunofluorescence for NSE/Brdu.

RESULTSThe hippocampus NSCs of newborn rat could be well cultured and they expressed nestin and they could differentiate into NSE, GFAP. Most of NSCs survived in cerebral ventricle 4 weeks after transplantation in brain through Brdu immunocytochemistry and they migrated into regions of brain extensively, especially to the injured side of cortex and hippocampus. The number of living NSCs in the injured side of cortex and hippocampus of BDNF + NSCs transplantation group increased evidently and the percentage of NSCs differentiated into NSE was higher than that in the NSCs transplantation group (P < 0.05). The nerve function recovery of the rats in BDNF and NSCs treated group was significantly better than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). The NSCs group had no prominent changes as compared with the model groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSNSCs can be isolated from newborn rats hippocampus and cultured in vivo. NSCs can survive, migrate and differentiate into neurons through cerebral ventricle. BDNF could significantly accelerate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs transplanted into the brain of rats with HIBD. The nervous function recovery was improved prominently by transplantation of NSCs with BDNF application, which may become a potentially effective method to treat HIBD.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; therapeutic use ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; therapy ; Lateral Ventricles ; Neural Stem Cells ; transplantation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stem Cell Transplantation

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the expression of synuclein-γ (SNCG) and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) both in the invasive ductal breast cancer samples and T47D and T47D(SNCG)- cell lines, to investigate the correlation between SNCG and MMP-9.

METHODSTotally 96 invasive ductal breast cancer samples (female, mean age of (56 ± 8) years) were collected between June 2009 and June 2012. The expressions of SNCG and MMP-9 were investigated by immunohistochemistry. T47D and SNCG knock down T47D(SNCG)- cell lines were established and SNCG and MMP-9 protein expression were investigated by Western blot and gene expression by real-time PCR.

RESULTSAmong 96 samples, 26 (27.1%) of them co-expressed SNCG and MMP-9, 30(31.2%) of them expressed neither SNCG nor MMP-9. The expression of SNCG was correlated with the expression of MMP-9 (r = 0.655, P = 0.000).SNCG mRNA level of T47D cell line was 13.5 fold of T47D(SNCG)- cell line and SNCG protein expression was 2.1 fold. While MMP-9 mRNA level of T47D cell line was 7.3 fold of T47D(SNCG)- cell line and MMP-9 protien expression was 1.6 fold.When SNCG was knocked down, the expression of MMP-9 decreased.

CONCLUSIONSSNCG and MMP-9 are significantly correlated with each other in breast cancer. SNCG may promote the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer mediated by up-regulating the expression of MMP-9.

Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; gamma-Synuclein ; metabolism