Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; complications ; Humans ; Obesity ; complications ; Prognosis ; Retinitis Pigmentosa ; complications ; Skin ; pathology ; Syndrome

The effects of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on the transient outward potassium and delayed rectifier K(+) current in hippocampal CA1 neurons of rats were studied by the whole-cell patch clamp technique. It was found that AlCl3 reduced the transient outward potassium current and delayed rectifier K(+) current in a dose-dependent manner. 1000 micromol/L AlCl3 resulted in change in voltage and slope of the half-activation and the half-inactivation of I(A) and I(K). These results imply that AlCl3 may damage potassium channel of the hippocampal CA1 neurons from rats and this may be related to the mechanism of the damage to the central nervous system by aluminum.
Aluminum Compounds ; toxicity ; Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; cytology ; Cell Separation ; Chlorides ; toxicity ; Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels ; physiology ; Female ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shal Potassium Channels ; physiology

BACKGROUNDIn tumors the process of apoptosis occurs over an interval of time after chemotherapy. It is important to determine the best time for detecting apoptosis by in vivo imaging. In this study, we evaluated the dynamics and feasibility of imaging non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) apoptosis induced by paclitaxel treatment using a (99)Tc(m)-labeled Annexin V recombinant with ten consecutive histidines (His10-Annexin V) in a mouse model.

METHODS(99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V was prepared by one step direct labeling; radio-chemical purity (RCP) and radio-stability was tested. The binding of (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V to apoptotic cells was validated in vitro using camptothecin-induced Jurkat cells. In vivo bio-distribution was determined in mice by dissection. The human H460 NSCLC tumor cell line (H460) tumor-bearing mice were treated with intravenous paclitaxel 24, 48 and 72 hours later. (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V was injected intravenously, and planar images were acquired at 2, 4 and 6 hours post-injection on a dual-head gamma camera fitted with a pinhole collimator. Tumor-to-normal tissue ratios (T/NT) were calculated by ROI analysis and they reflected specific binding of (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V. Mice were sacrificed after imaging. Caspase-3, as the apoptosis detector, was determined by flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation was analyzed by the terminal deoxynucleotidytransferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Nonspecific accumulation of protein was estimated using bovine serum albumin (BSA). The imaging data were correlated with TUNEL-positive nuclei and caspase-3 activity.

RESULTS(99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V had a RCP > 98% and high stability 2 hours after radio-labeling, and it could bind to apoptotic cells with high affinity. Bio-distribution of (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V showed predominant uptake in kidney, relatively low uptake in myocardium, liver and gastrointestinal tract, and rapid clearance from blood and kidney was observed. The T/NT was significantly increased after paclitaxel treatment, whereas it was low in untreated tumors (T/NT = 1.43 ± 0.18). The %ID/g activity in Group 2 (24 hours), Group 3 (48 hours) and Group 4 (72 hours) after treatment was 2.55 ± 0.73, 3.35 ± 1.10, and 3.4 ± 0.96, respectively. Whereas in the non-treated group, Group 1, %ID/g was 1.10 ± 0.18. The radiotracer uptake was positively correlated to the apoptotic index (r = 0.852, P < 0.01), as well as caspase-3 activity (r = 0.816, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThis study addresses the dynamics and feasibility of imaging non-small cell lung tumor apoptosis using (99)Tc(m)- His10-Annexin V.

Animals ; Annexin A5 ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Histidine ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Mice ; Organotechnetium Compounds ; Paclitaxel ; therapeutic use ; Radiopharmaceuticals

OBJECTIVETo find a kind of quick and effective haemostasis to decrease the mortality of severe bleeding.

METHODS18 severe bleeding patients with different cause received recombinant activated factor VIIa (rFVIIa) were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSOf total 18 cases with severe bleeding, 13 cases cured, 3 cases were effective, 2 cases ineffective. The total clinical effective rate is 88.89%. After using rFVIIa, the PT, APTT and fibrinogen level of 6 DIC patients returned to normal within 12 hours; 13 patients whose the amount of bleeding can be evaluated stopped bleeding quickly. The fastest onset time was 10 min.

CONCLUSIONrFVIIa can stanch severe bleeding for a variety of reasons rapidly and effectively, including coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and obstetric hemorrhage. Application of rFVIIa may decrease mortality, when conventional treatment is not valid.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; drug therapy ; Factor VIIa ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of frequency on osteoblast apoptosis induced by tensile strain.Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were applied with 1％ biaxial tensile strain at the frequency of 1,2,3,4,5 Hz,re spectively for 1 hour per day in 8 days.The survival rate of the cells was determined by activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).Annexin V-FITC/ PI Flow cytometry was used to test cell apoptosis.Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the gene level of apoptosis markers caspase-3,-9 as well as Bcl-2 and Bax,and Western blotting was used to test protein expressions of caspase-3,-9.Results Different loading frequencies had no effect on osteoblast activity of LDH.There was no significant difference in the total apoptosis rate of flow cytometry at different frequencies.However,the frequency of 2 Hz could induce early osteoblast apoptosis.Tensile strain at the frequency of 2 Hz could significantly increase the expression of caspase-3,-9 gene and protein,and induce cell apoptosis with the up-regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2.Conclusions Osteoblast apoptosis and death cannot be induced by 1％ biaxial tensile strain at the frequency of 1-5 Hz,but the frequency of 2 Hz can induce the early apoptosis of osteoblasts by up-regulating the expression of Bax/BCI-2.

OBJECTIVETo determine the serotype and genotype of a sample with ABO blood group discrepancies.

METHODSSerotype was determined with serological method. Sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) was carried out based on the serotype. Sequences of exons 6 and 7 of ABO gene was analyzed by sequence-based testing (SBT).

RESULTSCompletely agglutinated A antigen, half agglutinated B antigen and weak agglutinated anti-B antibody were detected in both erythrocytes and serum, which suggested presence of a ABw serotype. An A/Bw12 genotype was revealed by B subgroup detection. Sequences of exons 6 and 7 were 278CT, 297GA and 467CT, 526CG, 657CT, 703GA, 796CA, 803GC, 930GA, respectively. The genotype fit with A102/B101 except for a nt278 C>T mutation. Blood group antigen gene mutation database (BGMUT) search has confirmed the mutant allele to be Bw12.

CONCLUSIONAn A102/Bw12 genotype has been found in the Chinese population.

ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Blood Group Antigens ; genetics ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; methods ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMs) on inducing osteoclastic like cell (OLC) formation changes and apoptosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats bone marrow culture in vitro.

METHODSThirty healthy three-month-old female Wistar rats were either sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (OVX) and randomly divided into three groups: group A (OVX + PEMs, 18 rats), group B (OVX, 6 rats) and group C (Sham, 6 rats); group A was again randomly divided into three groups: A1, A2, A3. The frequencies adopted were 1.5, 2, 75 Hz and 30 minutes for once a day. All rats were fed with normal diet for 3 months, then the bone marrow of all rats were cultured, 2 days later, group A cells (including group A1, A2, A3) were collected and exposed to different frequencies PEMs for 2 weeks (30 min/day). In order to observe the changes of osteoclasts and count their numbers, cells were taken for Wright Giemsa staining, tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and Hoechst 33258 staining.

RESULTSTRAP staining results indicated the number of OLC in group C was the least, then was group A2, A3, A1, B. The number of OLC in group B was remarkably increased (P < 0.01; vs group C, A2). The number of OLC in group B was significantly increased (P < 0.05; vs group A1, A3). Hoechst 33258 staining results indicated the number of apoptosis of OLC in group C was more than other groups, which of group C, A2 was significantly increased (P < 0.05; vs group B).

CONCLUSIONPEMs had decreased the formation of OLC and increased the number of apoptosis of OLC in ovariectomized (OVX) rats bone marrow culture in vitro, the effects of 2 Hz was the best. PEMs would be a new way of osteoporosis therapy.

Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; enzymology ; radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Female ; Isoenzymes ; metabolism ; Osteoclasts ; cytology ; enzymology ; radiation effects ; Ovariectomy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Compound Qingqin Liquid (CQL) on the expression level of angiotensin II (Ang II) and COX-2 mRNA transcription and protein expression in the renal tissue of rats with uric acid nephropathy.

METHODSSD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, the model group, the positive drug group, the high, moderate, and low dose CQL group according to number randomization principle. The model was established by gastrogavage of adenine, accompanied with yeast feeding. Distilled water was given by gastrogavage to rats in the blank control group and the model group. Allopurinol at the daily dose of 9.33 mg/kg was given by gastrogavage to rats of the positive control group. CQL at the daily dose of 3.77 g/kg, 1.89 g/kg, and 0.09 g/kg was respectively given by gastrogavage to rats in the high, moderate, and low dose CQL groups. All treatment lasted for 6 weeks. Rats were randomly divided at week 4 (3 in the blank control group, and 6 in the rest groups), and the rest rats were killed at week 6. The renal tissue was extracted. The expression level of Ang II and COX-2 mRNA transcription were detected by RT-PCR. The expression level of Ang II was detected by ELISA. The expression level of COX-2 protein was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, except the mRNA expression of Ang II at week 4, the mRNA and protein expression of Ang II and COX-2 obviously increased at week 4 and 6 in the model group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The COX-2 protein expression at week 4 was obviously lower in the high and moderate dose CQL groups than in the model group and the low dose CQL group (P < 0.05); the average integral of optical density value was obviously lower in the positive control group than in the model group. Except the mRNA expression of Ang II in the high dose CQL group at week 6, the mRNA and protein expression of Ang II obviously decreased in the positive control group and each dose CQL group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Of them, the effects were better in the high and moderate dose CQL groups than in the positive control group and the low dose CQL group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Besides, the mRNA expression of COX-2, the average integral of optical density value were obviously lower in the positive control group and each dose CQL group than in the model group (P < 0.05). The protein expression of COX-2 was obviously lower in the high and moderate dose CQL groups than in the model group (P < 0.05). Of them, the mRNA expression of COX-2 was better in the moderate dose CQL group than in the positive control group (P < 0.05); the protein expression of COX-2 was better in the high dose CQL group than in the low dose CQL group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCQL was capable of lowering the expression level of Ang II, COX-2 mRNA transcription and protein expression, thus suppressing the inflammatory pathological injury of the renal tissue.

Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Kidney Diseases ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Uric Acid

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of compound qingqin liquid (CQL) on Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in rats with urate nephropathy, and to explore its renal protection mechanism.

METHODSTotally 55 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the normal control group (n =5), the model group (n =10), the positive drug group (n=10), and the high-, medium-, low-dose CQL groups (n=10) respectively. The urate nephropathy model was induced by intragastrically administering adenine and feeding yeast. Distilled water was intragastrically administered at the daily dose of 10 mL/kg to rats in the normal control group and the model group. Allopurinol was intragastrically administered at the daily dose of 9.33 mg/kg to rats in the positive control group. CQL was intragastrically administered at the daily dose of 3.77, 1.89, 0.94 g/kg to rats in the high-, medium-, and low-dose CQL groups. Rats of each group were executed in batches at the 4th and 6th week respectively. Their kidney tissues were taken out to determine the mRNA transcription level of TLR2 and TLR4 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein expression level of TLR2 and TLR4 were determined by Western blot. The protein expression level of TLR4 was also detected by immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSAt week 4 and 6, the protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 as well as the mRNA transcription of TLR4 increased in the model group, when compared with the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, there was no statistical difference in the transcription level of TLR2 mRNA or TLR4 mRNA among the 3 CQL groups (P > 0.05) at week 4 and 6. Additionally, at week 6, the protein expression of TLR4 and TLR2 could be reduced by CQL (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCQL might protect kidney tissue against inflammatory injury by inhibiting the protein expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Kidney Diseases ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Uric Acid

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of perioperative nutrition support on nutritional condition and complications of the patients with postoperative pancreatic head cancer.

METHODSThirty four patients received perioperative nutrition support, including enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition (treatment group). Forty eight patients received routine postoperative parenteral nutrition (control group). According to the operative method, these two groups were further divided into two sub-groups: (1) pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) subgroup, including 13 cases from treatment group, and 24 cases from control group; (2) palliative operation subgroup, including 21 cases from treatment group, and 24 cases from control group. Body weight, total protein (TP), serum albumin (ALB), and the complications after operation were compared.

RESULTSThe concentrations of ALB and TP in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P< 0.05). Body weight and TP of the patients received PD in the treatment group were significantly better than those of the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPerioperative nutrition support can improve postoperative nutritional condition and reduce the postoperative complications in patients with pancreatic head cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Support ; methods ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; surgery ; therapy ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control