Objective To explore the application of computer-assisted telephone interviewing in the follow-up study of endemic diseases,and to provide a reference and basis for wide range application of this method.Methods In this investigation,146 patients with Keshan disease from 2 provinces were recruited in.The study mainly included two questionnaire surveys:disease follow-up questionnaire survey and cardiac insufficiency quality of life scale survey.Survey methods included computer-assisted telephone survey and face-to-face questionnaire survey.In the 18-month of follow-up study,one computer-assisted telephone survey was done in the 3ed,6th,12th,15th month,and one face-to-face questionnaire survey in 9th and 18th month.Time-consuming and quality of the two survey methods were eompaired.The computer-assisted telephone survey database was designed using Epi Info 3.32software.Results The computer-assisted telephone survey took an average of (13.10 t 1.80)min,and face-to-facequestionnaire survey took an average of (22.04 ± 2.28)min,the difference was statistically significant (t =- 36.214,P ＜ 0.05).The error rate of computer-assisted telephone survey was 6.80％ (37/544),and that of face-to-face questionnaire survey was 11.07％(28/253),the difference was statistically significant(x2 =4.195,P ＜ 0.05).The quality of computer-assisted telephone survey was better than that of face-to-face questionnaire survey.Conclusions Through the computer-assisted telephone interviewing,the work efficiency of investigators is improved during the follow-up study of Keshan disease.The validation function improves the accuracy rate during the process of data entry.Because of the application of telephone contact,a lot of research funding is saved.

Objective To compare the effects of biphasic square waveform (BSW) with low or high energy on external defibrillation.Method Adult swine model of closed chest ventricular fibrillation induced by electricity was established.Eighteen swine,weighing (30?3.3) kg were randomly divided into three groups:50-50-50 J group (n=6),30-50-75 J group (n=6),120-150-200 J (n=6).After three minutes of ventricular fibrillation without treatment,the pigs in the three groups were defibrillated accordance to the above sequences. Results 30 J BSW didn't succed to external defibrillate.The first defibrillation successful rate of 50 J and 120 J BSW was 5/6.The total defibrillation successful rate of every group was 100%.All pigs quickly had spontaneous circulation after defibrillation and survived more than 24 hours.ST-T change of low-energy was less than that of high-energy.After resuscitation,myocardial function decreased,but there had not significant differences between groups.Conclusions In the study,30J BSW could not reach successful defibrillation,and 50 J and 120 J BSW had similar defibrillation efficacy.The ideal energy of BSW external defibrillation was 50 J.

Abstract?AIM:To study the Influence and outcomes of eye healthcare information teaching for the visual development of children under“combination of medicine and education” in kindergartens.?METHODS:The children(5-6 years old) were randomly selected from 6 kindergartens in Nanjing, 3 in Yuhua District as the experimental group, and the other 3 in Jianye District as the control group.A one-year follow-up was conducted to evaluate the difference of visual development, including the rate of low vision, rate of referral caused by refractive abnormality, rate of astigmatism, the average of the equivalent spherical lens and the rate of lacking physiological hypermetropia, between the experimental group and the control group children.?RESULTS:One school year later,the rate of low vision, rate of referral caused by refractive abnormality and the rate of astigmatism, were significantly lower (P<0.05)in the experimental group under the mode of“combination of medicine and education”, which were also lower than those before experiment(P<0.05).The average of the equivalent spherical lens of experimental group increased and the rate of lacking physiological hypermetropia decreased significantly, compared with the control group ( P <0.05 ) and with those before experiment(P<0.05).?CONCLUSION:Using “combination of medicine and education” eye health care model,is good for children's visual development,so as to reduce the rate of low vision and delay the occurrence of myopia.

The two-dimensional model of cell culture is an important method in the study of testicular development and spermatogenesis but can not effectively mimic and regulate the testicular microenvironment and the whole process of spermatogenesis due to the lack of relevant cell factors and the disruption of a three-dimensional spatial structure. In the past 20 years, the development and optimization of the in vitro model such as testis organotypic culture and in vivo model such as testis transplantation achieved a transformation from two- to three-dimension. The maintenance and optimization of the testicular niche structure could mimic the testicular microenvironment and cell types including Leydig, Sertoli and germ cells, which showed similar biological behaviors to those in vivo. Besides, the cell suspension or tissue fragment floats in the gas-liquid interface so that the development of somatic and germ cells is well maintained in vitro whilst the feedback linkage between grafted testis tissue and hypothalamus-pituitary of the host rebuilt in the in vitro model provides an endocrinological basis for spermatogenesis, which serves as an effective methodology to better understand the organogenesis and development of the testis as well as testicular function regulation, advancing the concept of treatment of male infertility. Al- though each of the methods may have its limitations, the progress in the processing, freezing, thawing, and transplantation of cells and tissues will surely promote their clinical application and present their value in translational medicine.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Germ Cells ; physiology ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; therapy ; Male ; Spermatogenesis ; physiology ; Testis ; growth & development

Objective To investigate the prevalence and incidence of Keshan disease (KD) and the selenium concentration of food and hair in residents of Yongjin Village, Fuyu County, Heilongjiang Province, national monitoring site, in 2007. Methods According to the Standard of Keshan Disease Surveillance and the Standard of Diagnosis of Keshan Disease(GB 17021-1997), the residents living in the monitoring site were surveyed by clinical examination and electrocardiography. For individuals whose hearts showed abnormalities, a chest X-ray photograph was taken. The selenium concentrations of the residents' food (flour) and hair were assayed by flowing injection hydride generation atomic fluoremetric method(FI-HG-AFM). Results Nineteen KD patients were found from 282 residents in 2007 KD surveillance. The prevalence of KD, latent KD and chronic KD were 6.7%(19/282), 2.8%(8/282) and 3.9%(11/282), respectively. Five of the 8 latent KD cases were newly found. In addition, there were 5 the suspected KD cases, including 2 suspected chronic KD cases. No acute KD or sub-acute KD patients were found in Yongjin Village at this monitoring site this year. The average selenium concentration of children hair and residents food were (0.3197±0.0586)mg/kg and (0.0210±0.0062)mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions New cases of KD continued to emerge, indicating that etiological factors still exist. Therefore, the emphasis of monitoring KD in furore is founding the consummate report of infectious disease system and training the personnel to increase the reliability of monitoring.

Objective:To explore the expression of calcium-binding protein 39 (CAB39) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bladder cancer tissues and their relationship with the prognosis of patients.Methods:A case-control study was conducted to select the focal tissues (case group) and post-operative paracancourous tissues (control group) from 94 bladder cancer patients who underwent surgery from Zibo Central Hospital from June 2014 to April 2018. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of VEGF and CAB39 proteins in the two specimens. The positive expression rates of VEGF and CAB39 protein in bladder cancer tissues with different pathological characteristics were analyzed, and the relationship between VEGF and CAB39 protein expression and prognosis of patients with bladder cancer was analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results:The relative expression levels of VEGF and CAB39 protein in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with significant statistical difference (all P<0.05). The immunohistochemical staining scores of VEGF and CAB39 protein in the case group were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05). The positive expression rate of CAB39 protein was significantly higher in bladder cancer tissure of patients with low-grade, clinical stage T3-T4 and lymph node metastasis, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05). The positive expression rate of VEGF protein was significantly higher in bladder cancer tissue of patients with clinical stage T3-T4 and lymph node metastasis, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05). Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that low grade, clinical stage T3-T4, lymph node metastasis, positive expression of VEGF and CAB39 protein were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients in 3 years (all P<0.05). Conclusions:VEGF and CAB39 proteins are highly expressed in bladder cancer tissue, and have a certain relationship with the poor prognosis of patients.

OBJECTIVESTo explore the clinical application of anti-human seminal plasma phospholipase A2 (PLA2) monoclonal antibody (McAb) for male infertility.

METHODSEnzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), immunocytochemistry(ICC), as well as flow cytometry (FCM) analysis were established using two strains anti-human seminal plasma PLA2 McAb prepared by our laboratory to detect the PLA2 content in human seminal plasma and the anterior head region of spermatozoa, respectively. Then the PLA2 content in male infertile patients were compared with that in normal control with fertility. The seminal routine analysis was performed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA).

RESULTSThe PLA2 content of infertile groups were (31.13 +/- 14.49) ng/ml in azoospermic patients, (17.71 +/- 12.45) ng/ml in oligospermic patients and (16.46 +/- 11.31) ng/ml in patients with normal sperm density, which were all higher than that of normal controls [(8.09 +/- 3.15) ng/ml, P < 0.01]; There was significantly negative correlation between PLA2 content in seminal plasma and sperm density(r = -0.602, P < 0.05), while there was insignificant correlation between PLA2 and sperm motility or percentage of motility. The PLA2 content in the anterior head region of spermatozoon of male infertile groups was significantly lower than that of normal controls by ICC and FCM(P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSPLA2 in human seminal plasma is closely related to male fertility, and the PLA2 deficiency in the head of spermatozoa may be one of the reasons causing male infertility. The methods detecting PLA2 content in seminal plasma and the head of spermatozoa can provide powerful evidences for exploring the mechanism of male infertility.

Adult ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; enzymology ; Male ; Phospholipases A ; analysis ; Phospholipases A2 ; Semen ; enzymology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the status of pubertal development in children born with assisted reproductive technology (ART).

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed on the pubertal development data of children born with ART in Peking University Third Hospital from 1994 to 2003 (ART group). The data in the cross-sectional study "Reports on the Physical Fitness and Health Research of Chinese School Students in 2010" were used as a control. The age at menarche and the age at spermarche were compared between the two groups. The status of pubertal development in the overweight and obese children in the ART group was evaluated to investigate the correlation between pubertal development and body mass index (BMI).

RESULTSA total of 200 children born with ART were enrolled in this study, and 72 of them (41 males and 31 females) completed the survey (response rate=36.0%). In the ART group, the mean age at spermarche and the mean age at menarche were 13.9 years (95%CI: 13.7-14.3 years) and 12.2 years (95%CI: 11.8-12.6 years), respectively. There were no significant differences in the age at spermarche and the age at menarche between the ART and control groups (P>0.05). In the ART group, there were no significant differences in the age at spermarche and the age at menarche between the overweight and obese children and the normal weight children (P>0.05). There were also no significant differences in overweight rate and obesity rate between the children in the ART group and the adolescents in Beijing (P>0.05). In the ART group, there was no significant correlation between the age at spermarche or menarche and BMI (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSNo delayed or precocious puberty is observed in children born with ART. This is consistent with the normal control data. And there is no significant correlation between pubertal development and BMI in children born with ART.

Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child Development ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Menarche ; Obesity ; physiopathology ; Overweight ; physiopathology ; Puberty ; physiology ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Retrospective Studies

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mandibular bone mineral density (BMD) change of senile osteoporosis patients and the relationship between the mandible bone loss and systemic bone loss.

METHODSForty senile osteoporotic patients (group A), 40 non-osteoporosis control elders (group B) and 40 healthy youths (group C) were included in this study. Standard digital panoramic tomography (SDPTG) was taken for each participant. Cortical width (CW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), alveolar bone density and alveolar bone height were measured on the SDPTG. Lumbar and hip BMD were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

RESULTSClose relationship was found between CW (3.57 +/- 0.82) and systemic BMD for osteoporosis patients (P < 0.05). All the SDPTG indices including CW, PMI, alveolar bone density and alveolar bone height were different for osteoporosis patients from the healthy youths (P < 0.05). The osteoporosis patients had thinner CW (3.57 +/- 0.82) and smaller PMI (0.29 +/- 0.06) than non-osteoporosis control elders (CW: 4.07 +/- 0.75, PMI: 0.32 +/- 0.07, P < 0.05). The alveolar bone density (105.40 +/- 20.48) and alveolar bone height (10.42 +/- 1.82) of the non-osteoporosis control elders reduced compared with the healthy youths (alveolar bone density: 117.10 +/- 22.23, alveolar bone height: 11.69 +/- 1.63, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe senile osteoporotic patients had significant mandibular cortical bone loss.

Absorptiometry, Photon ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alveolar Bone Loss ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Radiography, Panoramic