Although antiretroviral therapy appears to prolong the lifespan of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), but the suicidal risk of these people is still significantly higher than the general population. Some PLWH had suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and suicidal plan. The reasons for the high risk among these people mainly include as follows. ①The demographic factors include gender, sexual orientation, age, religion, race, etc. ②The social psychological factors are stressors (stressful or traumatic life events, social or interpersonal problems and mental illness), stigma, hiding HIV history, etc. Social or interpersonal problems include discrimination, social isolation, lack of social support, etc. Mental diseases include depression, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, etc. In order to reduce the suicidal risk of PLWH, the government and related organizations can research and improve these social psychological factors.

The two-dimensional model of cell culture is an important method in the study of testicular development and spermatogenesis but can not effectively mimic and regulate the testicular microenvironment and the whole process of spermatogenesis due to the lack of relevant cell factors and the disruption of a three-dimensional spatial structure. In the past 20 years, the development and optimization of the in vitro model such as testis organotypic culture and in vivo model such as testis transplantation achieved a transformation from two- to three-dimension. The maintenance and optimization of the testicular niche structure could mimic the testicular microenvironment and cell types including Leydig, Sertoli and germ cells, which showed similar biological behaviors to those in vivo. Besides, the cell suspension or tissue fragment floats in the gas-liquid interface so that the development of somatic and germ cells is well maintained in vitro whilst the feedback linkage between grafted testis tissue and hypothalamus-pituitary of the host rebuilt in the in vitro model provides an endocrinological basis for spermatogenesis, which serves as an effective methodology to better understand the organogenesis and development of the testis as well as testicular function regulation, advancing the concept of treatment of male infertility. Al- though each of the methods may have its limitations, the progress in the processing, freezing, thawing, and transplantation of cells and tissues will surely promote their clinical application and present their value in translational medicine.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Germ Cells ; physiology ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; therapy ; Male ; Spermatogenesis ; physiology ; Testis ; growth & development

BACKGROUNDNeuroprotective strategies following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are an important focus in emergency and critical care medicine. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP9 attracted much attention because of its function in focal brain ischemia/reperfusion injury. In the focal cerebral ischemia model in rats, SB-3CT can suppress the expression of MMP9, relieving brain edema, and there was no studies on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after CPR.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty rats were randomly assigned to sham-operated (n = 40), resuscitation treatment (n = 40), and resuscitation control (n = 40) groups. Sham-operated group rats were anesthetized only and intubated tracheally, while the resuscitation treatment and resuscitation control groups also received cardiac arrest by asphyxiation. In the resuscitation treatment group, SB-3CT was injected intraperitoneally after restoring spontaneous circulation (ROSC), defined as restoration of supraventricular rhythm and mean arterial pressure (MAP) > or = 60 mm Hg for more than 5 minutes. The resuscitation control group also implemented ROSC without injection of SB-3CT. The rats were executed and samples were taken immediately after death, then at 3, 9, 24, and 48 hours (n = 8). Brain tissue expression of MMP9 protein, MMP9 mRNA, water content, Evans blue content, TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 was measured, and the brain tissue ultramicrostructure studied with electron microscopy.

RESULTSIn the resuscitation control group, brain tissue expression of MMP9 protein and mRNA, water content, Evans blue content, TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 were significantly elevated at 3 hours, and peaked at 24 hours after resuscitation, when compared with the sham-operated group (P < 0.05). Tissue ultramicrostructure also changed in the resuscitation control group. By contrast, although all these indexes were increased in the resuscitation treatment group compared with the sham-operated group (P < 0.05), they were lower than in the resuscitation control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSExpression of MMP9 protein and mRNA, water content, Evans blue content, TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 increased in rat brain tissue after CPR, indicating disruption of the blood-brain barrier and excess inflammatory reaction. MMP9 expression was reduced with SB-3CT, resulting in reduced brain injury.

Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; Brain ; immunology ; ultrastructure ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Cytokines ; analysis ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; prevention & control ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; analysis ; genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sulfones ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the effect of Ulinastatin on the delivery of cytokines in patients with septic shock.Methods It was a prospective and controlled clinical study.Seventy-eight patients with septic shock were randomly divided into control group and treatment group and thirty-nine in every group.Patients in treatment group received Ulinastatin 200 000 units intravenous everyday for 3 days,while those in control group received equal volume of normal saline as placebo.At different time points (at 24 th,48 th,72 th hour after start of treatment),the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?),interleukin-1 (IL-1),interleukin-6 (IL-6 ),interleukin-8 (IL-8) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were assayed.Results In comparison with control group,the levels of TNF-?,IL-1,IL-6,IL- 8 of treatment group decreased markedly (P＜0.05,P＜0.01) at different time points,whereas the level of SOD was higher markedly (P＜0.05,P＜0.01) at various time points.Conclusion Ulinastatin has protective effect on patients with septic shock through decreasing the levels of TNF-?,IL-1,IL-6,IL-8 and increasing in the level of SOD.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical effect of Zhuang medicine tendon therapy combined with chiropractic manipulation in treating sacroiliac joint dislocation. METHODS: From January 2017 to May 2018, 60 patients with sacroiliac joint dislocation were divided into treatment group and control group according to the order of admission. There were 19 males and 11 females in the treatment group, aged from 23 to 52 (38.97±3.23) years old, with a course of 2 h to 5.1 months, with an average of (2.19±1.12) months. There were 14 males and 16 females in the control group, aged from 26 to 50 (39.07±3.30) years old, with a course of 3 h to 6 months, with an average of(2.41±1.05) months. The treatment group was treated with Zhuang medicine tendon therapy combined with chiropractic manipulation, while the control group was treated with conventional acupuncture and massage. Before treatment, the main clinical symptoms of the patients were lumbosacral pain, posterior superior iliac spine not at the same level and accompanied with dyskinesia. The pelvic separation test and the "4" test were positive. After treatment, the curative effect was evaluated according to the improved Macnab standard and the "score of treatment of lumbar diseases". RESULTS: Sixty patients were followed up for an average of 8 months. At the latest follow-up, the clinical effect of modified Macnab was better in the treatment group than in the control group(<0.01). After treatment, the treatment group was better than the control group on lumbar function score (<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The treatment of sacroiliac joint dislocation by Zhuang medicine tendon therapy combined with chiropractic manipulation has good clinical effect and is worth further application and development.
Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; therapy ; Male ; Manipulation, Chiropractic ; Middle Aged ; Sacroiliac Joint ; Tendons ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Yiqi Huoxue Recipe (YHR) on the cardiac function and ultrastructure during the regression of myocardial hypertrophy induced by pressure overload in rats.

METHODSThe model of myocardial hypertrophy was established by abdominal aortic banding. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, the normal control group I (n=20), the normal control group II (n=12), the hypertension model group I (n=12), the hypertension model group II (n=12), the YHR group (n=12) and the Captopril group (n=12). The observation was carried out in the normal control group I and the hypertension model group I after 4 weeks of modeling, and the other four groups were observed after 16 weeks of modeling (12 weeks of administration). The cardiac function was measured with a multichannel biological signal analysis system, and the myocardium ultrastructure was observed by a transmission electron microscope.

RESULTS(1) Compared with the normal control group I, the systolic blood pressure and cardiac coefficient (left ventricular weight/body weight) in the model I group was higher (P<0.05, P<0.01). (2) In the YHR group, cardiac coefficient and -dp/dt(max) were lower, left ventricular systolic pressure and +dp/dt(min) were higher when compared with the model group II and the Captopril group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In the Captopril group, only cardiac coefficient was lower when compared with the mode group II (P<0.05). (3) Compared with the normal control group II, +dp/dt(max) was higher (P<0.01) -dp/dt(max) and isovolumetric contraction time (ICT) was lower (P<0.05, P<0.01) in both the YHR group and the Captopril group. (4) Results of the myocardium ultrastructure showed edema under myocardium plasmalemma, enlarged sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tube, and significantly enlarged intercalated disc of the cardiac muscle in the model groups. In the Captopril group, the extension of sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tube as well as the pathological changes of intercalated disc were lighter, with slight edema under the myocardium plasmalemma. In the YHR group, the expansion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum was less than in the Captopril group, part of the pathological changes of intercalated discs was slightly more severe than that in the Captopril group, the dissolution of nuclear chromatin was not found, which was similar to that of the Captopril group, and no injury of the nucleus was found, either.

CONCLUSIONYHR could reverse myocardial hypertrophy in rats with abdominal aortic banding and improve the systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle. The ultrastructure of the myocardium such as arcoplasmic reticulum, intercalated disc, and cell nucleus in abdominal aortic banding rats could be partly reversed by the recipe.

Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Captopril ; therapeutic use ; Cardiomegaly ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Myocardium ; ultrastructure ; Phytotherapy ; Pressure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Remission Induction ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects

To improve the after-sales service, a survey aimed at the after-serveis of 3 kinds of medical equipment is applied among 68 hospitals in Shanghai Area in 2008.The Stat. and analysis results are showed in the paper, which will certainly channel off suppliers to set up a harmonious market together.
China ; Consumer Behavior ; statistics & numerical data ; Data Collection ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

OBJECTIVETo construct a eukaryotic expression vector of CD99 gene for transfection into Hodgkin lymphoma L428 cells.

METHODSThe full-length cDNA of CD99 gene was amplified from Jurkat cells by RT-PCR and cloned into the pcDNA3.1(+) vector and transfected into L428 cell line using Lipofextamine 2000. The sequence of CD99 mRNA in the transfected cells was confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing, and the expression of CD99 protein was identified using immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSA gene fragment of 558 bp was amplified from the transfected cells and the sequence was verified by DNA sequencing. Immunocytochemistry identified the presence of CD99 expression in the transfected cells.

CONCLUSIONA eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)-CD99 is successfully constructed and stably expressed in L428 cell line.

12E7 Antigen ; Antigens, CD ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Hodgkin Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Transfection

BACKGROUNDPatients with the genotypes of both CYP2C9*3/*3 and VKORC1-1639 A/A are expected to require the lowest dose of warfarin, and to have a greatly increased risk of bleeding. The experience for the dosing of warfarin in such extremely rare cases has been seldom reported.

METHODSDemographic and clinical data from two cases with stable low dose of warfarin in China were studied by resequencing the corresponding gene segments in their whole blood DNA. The potential clinical value of the pharmacogenetic algorithm for them was evaluated by calculating the stable dose of warfarin in pharmacogenetic algorithm developed by International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium.

RESULTSBoth cases (68-year-old female and 50-year-old male) were diagnosed as chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation needing warfarin treatment, with target international normalized ratio (INR) 2 to 3. Case 1 had stable warfarin dose of 0.625 mg/d and case 2 1.25 mg/d. They needed more than 1 month to stabilize their anticoagulation. Exceeding INR values were recorded for them when the dose of warfarin was no more than 2 mg/d. Hemorrhagic complication appeared in case 1 when the dose was titrated from 2.5 to 1.25 mg/d. No concomitant medicine to increase or decrease the INR value was recorded for them. Genotyping CYP2C9 and VKORC1 showed both patients were the carriers of the homozygous alleles -CYP2C9*3/*3 and VKORC1-1639 A/A. Their stable doses of warfarin calculated by the pharmacogenetic dose algorithm (0.672 mg/d for case 1 and 1.16 mg/d for case 2) were comparable with their actual stable therapeutic doses.

CONCLUSIONSTwo Chinese with the rare genotypes of both CYP2C9*3/*3 and VKORC1-1639 A/A were found to require the extremely low dose of warfarin. The pharmacogenetic algorithm incorporating the variances of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes, as well as the non-genetic factors could predict their stable dose of warfarin with high accuracy.

Aged ; Anticoagulants ; adverse effects ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 ; Female ; Genotype ; Hemorrhage ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mixed Function Oxygenases ; genetics ; Pharmacogenetics ; Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases ; Warfarin ; adverse effects

BACKGROUNDThe conventional approaches to diabetes screening are potentially limited by poor compliance and laboratory demand. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial urine glucose (PUG) in screening for diabetes in Chinese high-risk population.

METHODSNine hundred and nine subjects with high-risk factors of diabetes underwent oral glucose tolerance test after an overnight fast. FPG, hemoglobin A1c, 2-h plasma glucose (2 h-PG), and 2 h-PUG were evaluated. Diabetes and prediabetes were defined by the American Diabetes Association criteria. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 2 h-PUG, and the optimal cut-off determined to provide the largest Youden index. Spearman correlation was used for relationship analysis.

RESULTSAmong 909 subjects, 33.4% (304/909) of subjects had prediabetes, and 17.2% (156/909) had diabetes. The 2 h-PUG was positively related to FPG and 2 h-PG (r = 0.428 and 0.551, respectively, both P < 0.001). For estimation of 2 h-PG ≥ 7.8 mmol/L and 2 h-PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L using 2 h-PUG, the area under the ROC curve were 0.772 (95% confidence interval [CI ]: 0.738-0.806) and 0.885 (95% CI: 0.850-0.921), respectively. The corresponding optimal cut-offs for 2 h-PUG were 5.6 mmol/L and 7.5 mmol/L, respectively. Compared with FPG alone, FPG combined with 2 h-PUG had a higher sensitivity for detecting glucose abnormalities (84.1% vs. 73.7%, P < 0.001) and diabetes (82.7% vs. 48.1%, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONFPG combined with 2 h-PUG substantially improves the sensitivity in detecting prediabetes and diabetes relative to FPG alone, and may represent an efficient layperson-oriented diabetes screening method.

Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; diagnosis ; urine ; Fasting ; blood ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Postprandial Period ; physiology