Objective To prepare pH sensitive gel for eye cornea of salvianolic acid B and accomplish in vitro release study. Me thods We used corneal permeability, eye irritation in rabbits, hydration of the cornea, viscosity, gel capacity, transparency, liquidity as index, to select pH sensitive gel matrix composition. Re s ults The gel composition was: 0.5％ of salvianolic acid B, 0.14％ Carbomer, 0.3％ HPMC, 0.05％ Azone, 0.1％ ethylparaben and 0.2％ Vc. The corneal hydration level was 77.32±1.88.The gel released 27.21％ drug in 15 min, and released 97.44％ drug in 6 h. By research of corneal permeability, the cumulative release of gel was bigger than the one of saline (P＜0.05). Conclus ions The selection of the gel matrix prescription is reasonable in design, simple in process, not harsh to eyes, and can prolong the retention time of drug in corneas and improve the corneal penetration.

OBJECTIVETo observe the outcome of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in patients with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis.

METHODSFrom April 1992 to November 2008, 1768 patients underwent PBMV in our hospital.Clinical and echocardiographic follow up data were analyzed in 426 patients from April 1992 to August 1998. Left atrial pressure and the mitral valve gradient (MVG) were measured before and immediately after PBMV in all patients.

RESULTSPBMV was successful in 1748 out of 1768 patients (98.86%). Left atrial pressure decreased from (38 +/- 7) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) to (12 +/- 4) mm Hg (P < 0.001), MVG decreased from (28 +/- 6) mm Hg to (8 +/- 3) mm Hg (P < 0.001) and the area of the mitral valve increased from (0.98 +/- 0.26) cm(2) to (1.97 +/- 0.39) cm(2) (P < 0.001) post PBMV. The main complications included death (n = 2), acute pericardial effusion (n = 1), severe mitral regurgitation (n = 12), cerebral embolism (n = 2) and pulmonary edema (n = 1). Ten years follow up was finished in 426 patients and 288 patients (67.6%) were still in NYHA class Ior II without mitral valve replace operation or repeated PBMV, restenosis was evidenced in 140 patients (33.3%) and 31 patients dead (7.5%).

CONCLUSIONPBMV was an effective therapy option for patients with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis.

Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; therapy ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the morbidity, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, metastasis, treatment and prognosis of primary breast lymphoma (PBL).

METHODSFrom January 1960 to August 2007, 49 cases with PBL were treated among 22811 cases of breast malignancy and 7337 cases of malignant lymphoma. The clinical data of these 49 patients, included gender, age, pathologic type, breast X ray and B ultrasound examination results, involved lymph nodes and organs, treatment, survival time, were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSFrom 1960 to 2007, the incidence rate of PBL in Tianjin Municipality was 59/10 millions; in details, the incidence rate of PBL for every 10 years was 2/10 millions, 3/10 millions, 0, 13/10 millions and 32/10 millions, respectively. According to circle graph of age, PBL occurred frequently in female aged 30 to 59 years. Most of this group of PBL was non-Hodgkin lymphoma (48 cases). No typical characteristics was found with the examination of breast X ray, B ultrasound and frozen section pathology. Bone marrow (9 cases), lung (7 cases), meninges (4 cases) and ovary (4 cases) were frequently involved organs. The overall 5-year survival rate was 6.1% for the group. The prognosis in patients with radical mastectomy combined chemotherapy was much better than that in patient received super to local mastectomy plus chemotherapy or simple tumor resection plus chemotherapy (5-year survival rates were 21.4%, 0, 0, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSPBL is a kind of rare lymphoma with incidence increasing sharply in the past few decades. The clinical manifestation is atypical. Diagnosis of PBL should adopt histological examination. Radical mastectomy combined chemotherapy could bring better prognosis, but the prognosis is still poor.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and toxicity of RNCE regimen in the treatment of relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).

METHODSFrom January 2000 to December 2005, 46 patients with relapsed or refractory B cell NHL were treated by RNCE regimen with or without radiotherapy for the involved field. The clinical characteristics, response, toxicity and long-term survival results were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSA total of 46 patients were eligible. The complete response rate of second-line therapy was 52.17% (24/46), and the overall response rate was 82.61% (38/46). The median follow-up duration in this series was 69 months (range:6 to 102 months). The overall 1, 3, 5-year survival rate was 74.8%, 48.3%, 40.1%, respectively, with a median survival time of 30.2 months (5 to 65 months), and median progression free survival time of 10.9 months (2 to 31 months). The major toxicities were myelosuppression, GI toxicity, fatigue, fever and alopecia.

CONCLUSIONOur data show that RNCE regimen treatment is effective and well tolerated in patients with relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alopecia ; chemically induced ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Etoposide ; administration & dosage ; Fatigue ; chemically induced ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Rituximab ; Survival Rate ; Thrombocytopenia ; chemically induced ; Vinblastine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Young Adult

Objective: To investigate the effects of deferoxamine on macrophage polarization and wound healing in mice with deep tissue injury (DTI) and its mechanism. Methods: The experimental research methods were adopted. Fifty-four male C57BL/6J mice of 6-8 weeks old were divided into DTI control group, 2 mg/mL deferoxamine group, and 20 mg/mL deferoxamine group according to random number table, with 18 mice in each group. DTI was established on the back of mice by magnet compression method. From post injury day (PID) 1, mice were injected subcutaneously with 100 µL normal saline or the corresponding mass concentration of deferoxamine solution every other day at the wound edge until the samples were collected. Another 6 mice without any treatment were selected as normal control group. Six mice in each of the three DTI groups were collected on PID 3, 7, and 14 to observe the wound changes and calculate the wound healing rate. Normal skin tissue of mice in normal control group was collected on PID 3 in other groups (the same below) and wound tissue of mice in the other three groups on PID 7 and 14 was collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to observe the tissue morphology. Normal skin tissue of mice in normal control group and wound tissue of mice in the other three groups on PID 7 were collected, and the percentages of CD206 and CD11c positive area were observed and measured by immunohistochemical staining, and the mRNA and protein expressions of CD206, CD11c, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Normal skin tissue of mice in normal control group and wound tissue of mice in DTI control group and 20 mg/mL deferoxamine group were collected on PID 3, 7, and 14, and the protein expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected by Western blotting. The sample number in each group at each time point in the above experiments. The RAW264.7 cells were divided into 50 μmol/L deferoxamine group, 100 μmol/L deferoxamine group, 200 μmol/L deferoxamine group, and blank control group, which were treated correspondingly, with 3 wells in each group. The positive cell percentages of CD206 and CD86 after 48 h of culture were detected by flow cytometry. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, one-way analysis of variance, and least significant difference test. Results: On PID 7, the wound healing rates of mice in 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL deferoamine groups were (17.7±3.7)% and (21.5±5.0)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than (5.1±2.3)% in DTI control group (P<0.01). On PID 14, the wound healing rates of mice in 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL deferoamine groups were (51.1±3.8)% and (57.4±4.4)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than (25.2±3.8)% in DTI control group (P<0.01). HE staining showed that the normal skin tissue layer of mice in normal control group was clear, the epidermis thickness was uniform, and skin appendages such as hair follicles and sweat glands were visible in the dermis. On PID 7, inflammation in wound tissue was obvious, the epidermis was incomplete, and blood vessels and skin appendages were rare in mice in DTI control group; inflammatory cells in wound tissue were reduced in mice in 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL deferoxamine groups, and a few of blood vessels and skin appendages could be seen. On PID 14, inflammation was significantly alleviated and blood vessels and skin appendages were increased in wound tissue of mice in 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL deferoxamine groups compared with those in DTI control group. On PID 7, the percentages of CD206 positive area in wound tissue of mice in 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL deferoxamine groups were significantly higher than that in DTI control group (P<0.01), the percentage of CD206 positive area in wound tissue of mice in DTI control group was significantly lower than that in normal skin tissue of mice in normal control group (P<0.01), the percentage of CD206 positive area in wound tissue of mice in 20 mg/mL deferoxamine group was significantly higher than that in normal skin tissue of mice in normal control group (P<0.01). The percentages of CD11c positive area in wound tissue of mice in 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL deferoxamine groups were significantly lower than those in DTI control group and normal skin tissue in normal control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the percentage of CD11c positive area in normal skin tissue of mice in normal control group was significantly higher than that in DTI control group (P<0.05). On PID 7, the CD206 mRNA expressions in the wound tissue of mice in 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL deferoxamine groups were significantly higher than that in DTI control group (P<0.01), but significantly lower than that in normal skin tissue in normal control group (P<0.01); the CD206 mRNA expression in wound tissue of mice in DTI control group was significantly lower than that in normal skin tissue in normal control group (P<0.01). The mRNA expressions of CD11c and iNOS in wound tissue of mice in 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL deferoamine groups were significantly lower than those in DTI control group (P<0.01). The mRNA expressions of CD11c in the wound tissue of mice in DTI control group, 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL deferoamine groups were significantly higher than that in normal skin tissue in normal control group (P<0.01). Compared with that in normal skin tissue in normal control group, the mRNA expressions of iNOS in wound tissue of mice in 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL deferoamine groups were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the mRNA expression of iNOS in wound tissue of mice in DTI control group was significantly increased (P<0.01). On PID 7, the protein expressions of CD206 in the wound tissue of mice in 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL deferoamine groups were significantly higher than those in DTI control group and normal skin tissue in normal control group (P<0.01), and the protein expression of CD206 in wound tissue of mice in DTI control group was significantly lower than that in normal skin tissue in normal control group (P<0.01). The protein expressions of CD11c and iNOS in wound tissue of mice in 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL deferoamine groups were significantly lower than those in DTI control group (P<0.01). The protein expressions of CD11c and iNOS in wound tissue of mice in DTI control group were significantly higher than those in normal skin tissue in normal control group (P<0.01). The CD11c protein expressions in wound tissue of mice in 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL deferoamine groups were significantly higher than those in normal skin tissue in normal control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The protein expression of iNOS in wound tissue of mice in 2 mg/mL deferoamine group was significantly lower than that in 20 mg/mL deferoamine group and normal skin tissue in normal control group (P<0.05). On PID 3, 7, and 14, the protein expressions of STAT3 and IL-10 in wound tissue of mice in 20 mg/mL deferoxamine group were significantly higher than those in DTI control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the protein expressions of STAT3 were significantly higher than those in normal skin tissue in normal control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). On PID 7 and 14, the protein expressions of IL-10 in wound tissue of mice in 20 mg/mL deferoxamine group were significantly higher than those in normal skin tissue in normal control group (P<0.01). On PID 3, 7, and 14, the protein expressions of IL-10 in wound tissue of mice in DTI control group were significantly lower than those in normal skin tissue in normal control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After 48 h of culture, compared with those in blank control group, the CD206 positive cell percentages in 100 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L deferoamine groups were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the CD86 positive cell percentages in 100 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L deferoamine groups were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusions: Deferoxamine can promote the polarization of macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and improve wound healing by enhancing the STAT3/IL-10 signaling pathway in DTI mice.
Animals ; Deferoxamine/pharmacology* ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10 ; Macrophages ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Wound Healing

BACKGROUNDThere are no data on more tolerable capecitabine doses in elderly patients in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and safety of capecitabine combined with weekly docetaxel for the treatment of anthracycline-resistant metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in older Chinese patients.

METHODSMBC patients aged > 65 years pretreated with 1 - 5 prior chemotherapy regimens, including an anthracycline, received oral capecitabine 825 mg/m(2) twice daily, days 1 - 14, plus docetaxel 30 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 21 days. All 41 enrolled patients received at least 1 dose of treatment and were evaluable for safety; 38 received at least 2 cycles (median 4, range 2 - 8) and were evaluable for efficacy.

RESULTSThe overall objective response rate was 47%, including complete responses in 8% of patients. Median time to progression was 8.9 months. Median overall survival was 17.6 months. The most common side effects were haematological and gastrointestinal toxicities and hand-foot syndrome. The only grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (12%), alopecia (7%), grade 3 nausea and vomiting (2%) and grade 3 nail toxicity (2%).

CONCLUSIONSCapecitabine 825 mg/m(2) twice daily plus weekly docetaxel is active with an acceptable safety profile in Chinese women > 65 years with anthracycline-resistant MBC. Efficacy and tolerability compare favourably with previously reported trials evaluating higher capecitabine doses in combination with 3-weekly or weekly docetaxel.

Aged ; Anthracyclines ; therapeutic use ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Capecitabine ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Taxoids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to assess the expression of cell division cycle 7 (Cdc7) kinase and minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and explore their relationship with prognosis of DLBCL patients.

METHODSClinical data of 60 DLBCL patients treated in our hospital from 2008.1 to 2010.1 were collected. The expression levels of Cdc7 and MCM2 in peripheral blood and bone marrow were determined by real-time PCR. A statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate their association with prognosis in DLBCL patients.

RESULTSThe 2-year survival rate of patients with high expression of peripheral blood Cdc7 was 38.3% and those with low expression 65.4% (P = 0.001). The 2-year survival rate of patients with high expression of bone marrow Cdc7 was 37.2% and those with low expression was 75.5% (P = 0.032). The 2-year survival rate of patients with high expression of MCM2 in peripheral blood was 44.0% and those with low expression was 68.2% (P = 0.025). The 2-year survival rate of patients with high expression of MCM2 in bone marrow was 39.0% and those with low expression was 63.4% (P = 0.007). A poor disease specific survival was observed in DLBCL patients with high level expression of Cdc7 and MCM2.

CONCLUSIONSCdc7 and MCM2 expression can be used to assess tumor proliferation and may be useful as an additional marker in combination with conventional markers in prediction of the outcome of DLBCL patients. Moreover, the Cdc7 and MCM2 signal pathway might be useful as a new approach in the treatment of refractory DLBCL lymphoma patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Bone Marrow ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; blood ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; blood ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2 ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nuclear Proteins ; blood ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; blood ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDChromosomal abnormalities have been shown to play an important prognostic role in multiple myeloma (MM). Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (i-FISH) has been much more effective to identify cytogenetic aberrations in MM than conventional cytogenetic technique (CC). To clearly determine the cytogenetic features of Chinese MM patients and identify their prognostic implications, we designed a multicenter study based on i-FISH including 672 patients from 52 hospitals in China.

METHODSAll 672 patients were systematically screened for the following genomic aberrations: del(13q), IgH rearrangement, del(p53) and 1q21 amplifications.

RESULTSThe analysis showed that the chromosomal changes were detected in 22.1% patients by CC and in 82.3% patients by i-FISH. The most common abnormalities by CC were chromosome 1 aberrations (48.4%), -13/13q- (37.6%), hyperdiploidy (36.6%), hypodiploidy (30.1%) and IgH rearrangements (23.7%). The most frequent abnormalities by FISH was del(13q), which was found in 60.4% patients, whereas IgH rearrangement, 1q21 amplification and p53 deletions were detected in 57.6%, 49.0% and 34.7% cases, respectively. By statistical analysis, -13/13q- by CC was associated with low level of platelet (P = 0.015), hyperdiploidy was associated with low level of serum albumin (P = 0.028), and IgH rearrangement by FISH was associated with high level of β2 microglobulin (P = 0.019). Moreover, 1q21 amplification and del(p53) by FISH conferred a high incidence of progressive disease (PD) after initial therapy. Metaphase detection of IgH rearrangements and chromosome 1 aberrations concurrently was associated with a short progression free survival (PFS) (P = 0.036). No significant prognostic implications of other cytogenetic abnormalities were found associated with overall survival and PFS.

CONCLUSIONSChinese MM patients had similar cytogenetic abnormalities compared with the previous reported studies. However, the prognostic significance of FISH aberrations were not clearly determined and further study is required.

Adult ; China ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; genetics ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; genetics ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of adverse childhood experiences international questionnaire (ACE-IQ) in Chinese parents of preschool children. METHODS: The parents of preschool children in 6 kindergartens in Tongzhou District of Beijing were selected by stratified random cluster sampling, and the Chinese version of ACE-IQ after translation and adaptation was used for survey online. The collected data were randomly divided into two parts. One part of the data (n=602) was used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA), to screen items and evaluate structural validity, and then form the final Chinese version of ACE-IQ. The other part of the data (n=700) was used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), criterion validity analysis and reliability analysis. At the same time, experts investigation method was used to evaluate the content validity of the final Chinese version of ACE-IQ. RESULTS: After deleting four items of collective violence, the Chinese version of ACE-IQ with twenty-five items indicated good structural, criterion and content validity. Analysis results showed that the Chinese version of ACE-IQ presented a seven-factor model dimension, namely emotional neglect, physical neglect, family dysfunction, family violence, emotional and physical abuse, sexual abuse and violence outside the home, and the total score of the binary version of ACE-IQ Chinese version was positively correlated with the total score of childhood trauma questionaire-28 item short form (CTQ-SF, r=0.354, P < 0.001) and the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D, r=0.313, P < 0.001) respectively. Results from five experts showed that the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) of 25 items was between 0.80 and 1.00, and the average of all I-CVIs on the scale (S-CVI/Ave) of the scale was 0.984. At the same time, the internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient) of the whole scale was 0.818, and the split-half reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient) was 0.621, which demonstrated good reliability. CONCLUSION This study has formed a Chinese version of ACE-IQ with 25 items and 7 dimensions, which has good reliability and validity among the parents of preschool children in China. It can be used as an evaluation instrument for measuring the minimum threshold of the adverse childhood experiences in the parents of preschool children in the cultural background of China.
Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Adverse Childhood Experiences ; Reproducibility of Results ; Parents/psychology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; China ; Psychometrics/methods*