The changes of microRNA expression in rat hippocampus after traumatic brain injury (TBI) were explored. Adult SD rats received a single controlled cortical impact injury, and the ipsilateral hippocampus was harvested for the subsequent microarray assay at three time points after TBI: 1st day, 3rd day and 5th day, respectively. We characterized the microRNA expression profile in rat hippocampus using the microRNA microarray analysis, and further verified microarray results of miR-142-3p and miR-221 using quantitative real-time PCR. Totally 205 microRNAs were identified and up-/down-regulated more than 1.5 times. There were significant changes in 17 microRNAs at all three time points post-TBI. The quantitative real-time PCR results of miR-142-3p and miR-221 indicated good consistency with the results of the microarray method. MicroRNAs altered at different time points post-TBI. MiR-142-3p and miR-221 may be used as potentially biological markers for TBI assessment in forensic practice.

AIM To study the chemical constituents of the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi DL02 from Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.and their biological activities.METHODS The ethyl acetate and methanol extract leavening from S.divaricata was isolated and purified by silica and Sephadex LH-20,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antifungal and antibacterial activities were determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration method.RESULTS Seven compounds were isolated and identified as β-sitosterol (1),kojic acid (2),stigmasta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6α-triol (3),uracil (4),allantoin (5),erythritol (6) and adenosine (7).Compound 4 had strong inhibitory effects on pseudomonas aeruginosa with the MIC values of 31.3 μg/mL.CONCLUSION Compounds 2-5 and 7 are isolated from this fungus for the first time.Compounds 4-5 have strong biological activities.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether heroin can directly induce apoptosis in primary cultured cortical neurons of rat's brain. METHODS: Cultured primary neurons cultures were obtained from cerebral cortex of embryo rats. After 7 days, the cells were incubated with different concentrations of heroin (purity-80%) for 24 hours. The neuronal survival was assessed by cell viability counting with fluorescent diacetate (FDA) staining. The morphological and biochemical changes were observed with Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining and then analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. RESULTS: After treatment with different concentrations of heroin, the neurons showed a decreased survival rate in a dose dependent manner, and there was a significant difference in the survival rate between the heroin group and the control group (P < 0.05). When exposed to different concentrations of heroin, neurons exhibited the morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, neurite degeneration, network disappearance, condensation and aggregation of nuclear chromatin, and the formation of DNA ladders. With the increase of heroin concentration of rat's brain more apoptotic bodies were seen. CONCLUSION Heroin can directly induce apoptosis in primary cultured cortical neurons in rat's brain.
Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Nucleus/pathology* ; Cell Survival/drug effects* ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology* ; DNA Fragmentation/drug effects* ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel/methods* ; Female ; Heroin/pharmacology* ; Male ; Neurons/pathology* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Staining and Labeling

A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of four children with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related acute liver failure. There were two boys and two girls with a median age of 10 months (range 8.5-44 months). Of the four children, three were diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis (IM), among whom two met the diagnostic criteria of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and one was diagnosed with past EBV infection. All the children had positive EBV DNA in blood and all had pyrexia, hepatomegaly, and jaundice on admission. Three children had the symptom of splenomegaly, ascites, or vomiting. Two children had enlargement of cervical lymph nodes, skin rash, or pleural effusion. One child had gastrointestinal bleeding or stage 2 hepatic encephalopathy. All the children had an abnormal lymphocyte count of <10%, and only one child had leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Among the four children, alanine aminotransferase level increased by 10-100 times; total bilirubin level increased by 3-5 times; lactate dehydrogenase level increased by many 10 times; prothrombin time prolonged significantly. All the children were given antiviral therapy with intravenously injected acyclovir or ganciclovir, as well as hepatocyte growth factor to promote hepatocyte growth and hormone to alleviate inflammatory response. Two children were given plasma exchange in addition, among whom one was given the combination of continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. Two children with HLH were given chemotherapy according to the HLH-2004 regimen. Three children survived, and one child with HLH died of multiple organ failure. It is concluded that EBV infection can cause acute liver failure and that early use of multimodality therapy including blood purification may be beneficial for prognosis in these children.
Child, Preschool ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver Failure, Acute ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

The changes of microRNA expression in rat hippocampus after traumatic brain injury (TBI) were explored. Adult SD rats received a single controlled cortical impact injury, and the ipsilateral hippocampus was harvested for the subsequent microarray assay at three time points after TBI: 1st day, 3rd day and 5th day, respectively. We characterized the microRNA expression profile in rat hippocampus using the microRNA microarray analysis, and further verified microarray results of miR-142-3p and miR-221 using quantitative real-time PCR. Totally 205 microRNAs were identified and up-/down-regulated more than 1.5 times. There were significant changes in 17 microRNAs at all three time points post-TBI. The quantitative real-time PCR results of miR-142-3p and miR-221 indicated good consistency with the results of the microarray method. MicroRNAs altered at different time points post-TBI. MiR-142-3p and miR-221 may be used as potentially biological markers for TBI assessment in forensic practice.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Brain Injuries ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Forensic Genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; biosynthesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between rs9722 polymorphisms in the S100B gene and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus 71.

METHODSA total of 124 HFMD children with enterovirus 71 infection were enrolled as subjects, and 56 healthy children were enrolled as control group. The rs9722 polymorphisms in the S100B gene were detected for both groups, and the serum level of S100B protein was measured for 74 HFMD children.

RESULTSThe rs9722 locus of the S100B gene had three genotypes, CC, CT, and TT, and the genotype frequencies were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Compared with the control group, the HFMD group had significant increases in the frequencies of TT genotype and T allele (P<0.01). Children with severe HFMD caused by enterovirus 71 infection had significantly higher frequencies of TT genotype and T allele than those with moderate or mild HFMD (P<0.05). Compared with the cured patients, the patients with poor prognosis had significant increases in the frequencies of TT genotype and T allele in the rs9722 locus of the S100B gene (P<0.05). Among the 74 children with HFMD, the children with TT genotype had the highest serum level of S100B protein, and those with CC genotype had the lowest level (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONST allele in the rs9722 locus of the S100B gene might be a risk factor for severe HFMD caused by enterovirus 71 infection.

Child, Preschool ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Genotype ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; etiology ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; genetics

Objective To explore the influencing factors and correlation of positive surgical margin (PSM) and biochemical recurrence (BCR) in men after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RALP).Methods The clinical data of 190 patients with local or locally advanced prostate cancer who underwent RALP by single surgeon in the Department of Urology of Changhai Hospital from January 2016 to September 2017 were collected.Age was (67.5 ±6.9) years old;median body mass index (BMI),preoperative PSA,prostate weight were 24.2 kg/m2 (16.6-34.2 kg/m2),15.0 ng/ml (1.41-393.94 ng/ml) and 36.9 g (8.65-207.58 g) respectively.The group of surgical margin was divided into negative surgical margin,apex-only PSM,base-only PSM as well as apex and base PSM.Characteristics between patients stratified by surgical margin or BCR were compared using x2 test.The influencing factors of PSM were analyzed by logistic regression.Cox regression was used for the analysis of predictive factors of BCR.Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for comparing the BCR rate between the groups of surgical margin.Results Of all the 190 enrolled patients,total PSM rate was 24.7％ (47/190),apex-only PSM rate was 13.2 ％ (25/190),base-only PSM rate was 5.8％ (11/190),apex and base PSM rate was 5.8 ％ (11/190).Multivariate analysis showed the independent predictive factors influencing PSM were preoperative PSA (P =0.048) and pathological stage (P =0.004).The median follow-up period was 7.3 months (0.9-26.6months) and BCR happened in 19.5％ (37/190) patients.The rates of BCR were 15.4％ (22/143),16.0％ (4/25),27.3％ (3/11) and 72.7％ (8/11) in the patients with negative surgical margin,apexonly PSM,base-only PSM and both apex and base PSM respectively.Log-rank test revealed that the rate of BCR in patients with apex and base PSM was higher than that in patients with negative surgical margin (P ＜0.001) or patients with apex-only PSM(P =0.002).Cox analysis indicated that higher preoperative PSA (P =0.040),higher pathological stage (P =0.041) and higher pathological Gleason score (P =0.004) were the independent predictors of BCR.PSM was not a predictive factor of BCR (P =0.257).Conclusions Preoperative PSA and pathological stage are the influencing factors of PSM.Higher preoperative PSA,higher pathological stage and higher pathological Gleason Score are the predictive factors of BCR.PSM may not be a predictive factor of BCR.The relationship between PSM and BCR needs further study.

As the main active ingredient of the orchidaceous herb Bletilla striata, B. striata polysaccharide(BSP) has pharmacological activities such as promoting coagulation, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, promoting wound healing, anti-tumor, and immunomodulation, and is biodegradable and non-toxic. Additionally, it has the material properties of suspension thickening, film-forming adhesion, coating and solubilizing, targeting and slow releasing, effect-enhancing and toxicity-reducing, etc., playing the role of unification of medicines and excipients. Therefore, BSP has a wide application prospect in the fields of drug delivery system and trauma repair. This paper reviews the research progress of BSP application in new drug delivery systems and biomaterials based on the related li-terature in recent years, with the aim of providing reference for the further research and application of BSP.
Biocompatible Materials ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Orchidaceae ; Polysaccharides ; Wound Healing

Objective To validate the accuracy and reliability of structured-light three-dimensional （SL-3D） scanning in measuring the length and area of the regular and irregular scars on body surface and discuss its value in forensic practice. Methods The lengths of 30 cases of simulated linear scars and 50 cases of linear scars after injury were measured using soft ruler, vernier caliper + thin line method, and SL-3D scanning. The areas of 35 cases of simulated patchy scars and 15 cases of patchy scars after injury were measured using length × width, film tracing with coordinate paper method, pixel method, and SL-3D scanning, and then statistically analyzed. Results The differences between the length of the simulated linear scars measured by SL-3D scanning and standard length had no statistical significance. When simulated patchy scars and patchy scars after injury were measured with high surface curvature and large irregular areas, the differences between the results of SL-3D scanning measurement and the standard area had no statistical significance. When the length of 50 cases of linear scars after injury were measured using SL-3D scanning, the correlation coefficient between the measurement results of two different investigators was 0.998, and the correlation coefficient between the two measurement results by the same investigator was 1.000. The correlation coefficient between the results of SL-3D scanning and that of vernier caliper + thin line method was 0.996. Conclusion The three-dimensional information of the scars on the body surface can be acquired using SL-3D scanning. The measurement of the length and area of the scars is not influenced by the location of scars, curvature of surface, and human factors. The measurement results are accurate, reliable and has unique advantages.
Cicatrix/pathology* ; Data Collection ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the ability of the ForenSeq^TM DNA Signature Prep kit (ForenSeq kit) in analyzing the sequence information of STRs in Zhejiang She ethnic group and its forensic application efficacy. METHODS: A total of 50 Zhejiang She ethnic group samples were sequenced with the ForenSeq kit on the MiSeq FGx platform. The data was analyzed using ForenSeq^TM universal analysis software to obtain the motif structure and flank regions of the 58 STRs, then compared with PCR-CE typing results to test the consistency. At last, the allele frequency and population genetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 448 sequence polymorphic alleles were detected in 50 samples of Zhejiang She ethnic group. Compared with fragment length polymorphism detected by PCR-CE, 82 alleles were increased by MPS detection based on ForenSeq kit, and 7 SNPs variation were detected in the flanking regions of 6 loci. The 22 male individuals were genotyped, and total 19 haplotypes were detected in 24 Y chromosome STRs of these 22 males. The cumulative discrimination power of the 27 autosomal STRs was 1-8.87×10^-30, the cumulative probability of exclusion of duo-testing was 0.999 999 962 640 657, the cumulative probability of exclusion of trios-testing was 0.999 999 999 999 633. CONCLUSIONS Based on MPS typing technology, using the ForenSeq kit greatly improves the detection efficiency. In addition, the 58 STRs have good genetic polymorphisms in Zhejiang She ethnic group, which are suitable for individual identification and paternity identification in forensic application.
DNA ; DNA Fingerprinting/methods* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Gene Frequency ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods* ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods*