To observe the clinical effect of Yisui decoction plus western medicine in treating multiple system atrophy patients, totally 65 patients from China-Japan Friendship hospital during 2008-2012 with complete clinical data and received consecutive traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine treatment for more than 3 months were observed changes of traditional Chinese medicine symptom score, part 1 of unified multiple system atrophy rating scale, orthostatic hypotension before treatment and after 3 months treatment. After 3 months treatment, total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine symptom was 70.8%. Compared with before treatment, score of part 1 of unified multiple system atrophy rating scale was obviously reduced after 3 month treatment (P < 0.001). Ex- cept swallow function without significant improvement, the remaining projects of unified multiple system atrophy rating scale were im- proved obviously (P < 0.05), of which the most obvious differences were orthostatic symptoms, falls and intestinal function (P < 0.001). Orthostatic hypotension after 1 month treatment and 3 month treatment was obviously better than before treatment (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in orthostatic hypotension between 1 month treatment and 3 month treatment. The research results show that Yisui decoction plus western medicine has a certain effect on improving clinical symptoms of multiple system atrophy patients, especially has a significant effect on orthostatic hypotension, and can maintain a stable clinical effect in a certain period of time.
Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; drug therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Multiple System Atrophy ; drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To analyze the heterogeneous variation of serum free fatty acid (FFA) and lipids during early second trimester in women with or without uterine artery notch in pre-eclampsia (PE).Methods This is a prospective cohort study of 4 000 women with singleton pregnancies registered in early pregnancy and in whom regular check-ups were performed in Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital.Blood specimens were collected at gestational age 14-18 weeks at the same time of screening for Down's syndrome.One hundred and one cases with early diastolic notch of the uterine artery were included in the N+ group,and 172 cases without notch but at high risk of PE were included in the N-group at 22-24 weeks.In addition,205 women who were selected randomly at a ratio of 1 ∶ 5,without notch or PE high-risk factors,were also included in the N group.Both groups were subgrouped according to the outcomes of pregnancy complications:early-onset PE group EPE,late-onset PE (LPE),gestational hypertension (GH) group,gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group with normal blood pressure,and no complications (NC) group.The variation in FFA and other lipid metabolism indicators in the PE subgroups were compared and analyzed by two independent-sample t-test,one-factor analysis of variance,Chi-square test (or Fisher's exact) and Logistic regression.Results History of PE and pre-hypertension at first visit differed significantly between the N+ and N-groups [3.9％ (4/101) vs.0.8％ (3/377),x2=5.52,P＜0.05; pre-hypertension at first visit,42.2％ (43/101) vs.25.7％ (97/377),x2=10.91,P＜0.05].In the N+ group,23.8％ (n=24) of women had PE,of which 37.5％ (n=8) were early onset.In the N group,2.1％ (n=8) had PE,and all were late onset.The incidence of PE differed significantly between the N+ and N-groups (x2=59.72,P＜0.05).In the N+ group,FFA gradually decreased among the ePE,IPE,GH and NC groups [(0.68±0.27),(0.58±0.21),(0.57±0.21) and (0.49±0.19) mmol/L,F=2.78,P＜0.05]; Multivariate regression analysis showed that FFA (OR=135.68,95％CI:3.78-4 873.00) and PE history (OR=123.25,95％CI:9.27-i 638.00) were risk factors of ePE.Pre-hypertension at registration (OR=4.69,95％CI:2.08-10.58) and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) 24-28 (OR=3.69,95％CI:1.26-10.83) were risk factors ofGH.FFA (OR=9.08,95％CI:2.49-33.01) and pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 28 (OR=5.08,95％CI:2.16-11.92) were risk factors for GDM.Conclusions Serum FFA and TG levels in early second trimester are correlated with PE,especially the early-onset PE.The onset of PE is heterogeneous and affected by many factors,and occurs in patients with or without early diastolic notch of the uterine artery in the second trimester.Patients with notch are more likely to have early-onset PE,which is correlated with blood FFA and TG levels.

Objective To investigate the changes of fatty acid oxidase in the placenta of preeclampsia cases with different clinical features, and the relationship with oxidative stress and inflammatory response. To study the correlation of serum free fatty acid (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) level in early second trimester with the molecular changes of the long-chain fatty acid oxidase in the third trimester. Methods This was prospective cohort study, in which cases with singleton pregnancies who archived in Haidian Maternal and Children′s Hospital, Beijing, from January 1st 2012 to May 31st, with regular prenatal care were included. Doppler ultrasound was used for screening for the presence of early diastolic notch of uterine artery at 22-24 weeks of gestation. All the 101 cases with the early diastolic notch of uterine artery were included as the notch group, and 377 cases without the early diastolic notch of uterine artery were included as the non-notch group. The perinatal outcomes and the incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy of the two groups were observed. The serum level of FFA and TG was tested, and the mRNA and protein expression of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD), P47-phox subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase α (p38MAPK-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were detected using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. The relationship between serum level of FFA and TG and the mRNA and protein expression of LCHAD, NADPH P47-phox,p38MAPK-α and COX-2 of the placental tissue specimens were analyzed. Results (1) In the notch group, there were 9 cases of early-onset preeclampsia,15 cases of late-onset preeclampsia and 10 cases of gestational hypertension;and there were 8 cases of late-onset preeclampsia and 18 cases of gestational hypertension in the non-notch group. 15 cases with normal blood pressure in each group were randomly selected as the control group.(2)The serum level of TG of cases of early-onset preeclampsia, late-onset preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in the notch group were(2.0±0.8),(1.8±0.6)and (1.9±0.7)mmol/L, and that of FFA were(0.68±0.26),(0.52±0.10)and(0.52±0.17)mmol/L, respectively. The serum level of TG of cases of late-onset preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in the non-notch group were(1.6±0.6)and(1.4±0.4)mmol/L, and that of FFA were(0.49±0.11)and(0.48±0.05)mmol/L, respectively. The serum level of TG and FFA in the control group were(1.4±0.5)and(0.52±0.06)mmol/L, respectively. The TG level of the notch group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The FFA level of the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was higher than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).(3) The mRNA expression of LCHAD in the placenta of early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly lower than that of the late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and the control group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of NADPH P47-phox of the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group were significantly higher than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and the control group(P<0.01). The mRNA expression of p38MAPK-α of the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group were significantly higher than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and the control group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of COX-2 of the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group were significantly higher than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and the control group (P<0.01).(4)The protein expression of LCHAD in the placenta of early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group and gestational hypertension in the notch group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01); and the protein expression of LCHAD in the placenta of early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly lower than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group (P<0.01). The protein expression of NADPH P47-phox in the placenta of early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly higher than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and control group (P<0.05). The protein expression of p38MAPK-α in the placenta of early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly higher than that of late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group and control group (P<0.01). The protein expression of COX-2 in the placenta of early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, gestational hypertension in the notch group, late-onset preeclampsia in the non-notch group, and gestational hypertension in the non-notch group, were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01).(5)The blood concentration of maternal FFA in the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly negatively correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of placental LCHAD (r=-0.810,-0.932,P<0.01). There was no correlation between maternal TG level and the mRNA and protein expression of placental LCHAD in each group(P> 0.05).(6)The mRNA expression of placental LCHAD in the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly negatively correlated with the mRNA expression of placental NADPH P47-phox and COX-2 (r=- 0.877,-0.762, P<0.05). The mRNA expression of placental LCHAD in the control group was significantly negatively correlated with the mRNA expression of placental COX-2 (r=- 0.565, P<0.01). The protein expression of placental LCHAD in the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group was significantly negatively correlated with the protein expression of NADPH P47-phox (r=- 0.818, P<0.01). The protein expression of placental LCHAD in the control group was significantly negatively correlated with the protein expression of COX-2 (r=- 0.502,P<0.01). Conclusions The placental mRNA and protein expression of long-chain fatty acid oxidation enzymes were different in different clinical features of preeclampsia, which were reduced more obviously in the early-onset preeclampsia in the notch group than that of the late-onset preeclampsia in the notch group, and were negatively correlated with the elevated serum FFA level, significantly enhanced oxidative stress and inflammatory response, but with no correlation with serum TG level.

In the treatment of hypertensive crisis, the novel Rho kinase inhibitor DL0805-2 can rapidly lower systematic blood pressure, reduce pulmonary artery pressure, and has a significant protective effect on lung injury. This experiment intends to evaluate the efficacy of DL0805-2 against pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and preliminarily reveals its underlying mechanism. Animal welfare and experimental procedures are in accordance with the provision of the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into DL0805-2 low, medium, and high dose groups (1, 3, and 10 mg·kg^-1), bosentan positive control group, model group, and blank control group. The drug was administered daily on the 7th day after model establishment by monocrotaline injection. On the 25th day of the experiment, relevant indicators were examined to observe the therapeutic effect of DL0805-2 on pulmonary hypertension. DL0805-2 significantly relieved the abnormal changes in the physiological parameters related to PAH induced by monocrotaline, including reducing right ventricular systolic pressure, alleviating cardiac damage caused by pressure overload, and reducing the levels of endothelin-1 and inflammatory factors in lung tissues. DL0805-2 also attenuated pulmonary arteries remodeling. It was preliminarily discovered that DL0805-2 exerts preventive and therapeutic effect on PAH through Rho-kinase pathway. Our results suggested that DL0805-2 had good therapeutic effects on monocrotaline-induced PAH rat model. It intervened early in the disease process, effectively prevented the development of the disease, and reduced the mortality of the diseased animals. The mechanism is related to Rho-kinase pathway.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of CD44 in leukemia cell lines and its role in adhesion, migration and infiltration of leukemia cells.

METHODSThe expression levels of CD44 in four leukemia cell lines SHI-1, THP-1, NB4 and K562 were assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot when they were in logarithmic phase. And these cell lines were divided into control group (treated with same species and isotype IgG) and experimental group (treated with anti-CD44 mono-clonal antibody). The assays of cell-cell adhesion to endothelial cells line ECV304, migration through the artificial matrix membrane and infiltration through the Matrigel were performed.

RESULTSThe relative expression ratios of CD44 to GAPDH in SHI-1, THP-1, NB4 cells were 0.0731 ± 0.0072, 0.0827 ± 0.0151 and 0.1473 ± 0.0365, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in K562 cells (0.0002 ± 0.0000, P < 0.01). Cell-cell adhesion assay showed that the adhesion rates of SHI-1, THP-1 and NB4 cells in the experimental group decreased to 72.78%, 64.09% and 57.42%, respectively, and were lower than those of the control groups, while that of K562 cells in the experimental group was 106.16%. Migration assay showed that the transmembrane rates of SHI-1,THP-1 and NB4 cells were 55%, 29% and 25% in the control group, respectively, and decreased to 32%, 18% and 12% in the experimental group, respectively, while those of K562 cells in both control group and experimental group remained 2%. The infiltration rates of SHI-1, THP-1 and NB4 cells decreased from 24%, 15% and 13% in the control group to 12%, 8% and 4% in the experimental group, respectively, while K562 cells in both groups could not pass through the Matrigel.

CONCLUSIONCD44 antigen might play an important role in the adhesion, migration and infiltration of leukemia cells and be involved in the extra-medullary infiltration of leukemia cells.

Cell Adhesion ; Cell Movement ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; metabolism ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

OBJECTIVETo understand the pollution rates of vibrio cholera (V. cholera) in different seafood, aquatic products and their circulatory processes, so as to help making measures for cholera control and prevention.

METHODSDifferent seafood, aquatic products and breed water specimen collected from 12 provinces of China were tested from July to September in 2005.

RESULTA total of 12 104 samples of seafood and aquatic products were tested and the average pollution rate of vibrio cholera was 0.52%. The positive isolate rate of turtle sample (1.72%) was the highest among all samples. The second higher isolated rate was 1.14% in water specimen of turtle breed pool. The positive rate of bullfrog was 0.50%. The percentage of toxin strains was 47.54% and 79.31% of them were isolated from turtle and water samples of turtle breed pool. The important sector of the pollution of vibrio cholera was in turtle breed pool (2.38%).

CONCLUSIONThe average pollution rate of vibrio cholera in seafood and aquatic products in 12 provinces of China was low. It should be very necessary to supervise the sanitation in turtle breed for controlling and preventing the vibrio cholera.

Animals ; China ; Female ; Fishes ; microbiology ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Seafood ; microbiology ; Seawater ; analysis ; Turtles ; microbiology ; Vibrio cholerae ; isolation & purification

Objective To analyze the genetic diversity of Pomacea canaliculata based on the mitochondria DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠ(mtDNA COⅠ)gene as a molecular marker in Lincang City of Yunnan Province,so as to provide the scien-tific data for monitoring Angiostrongylus cantonensis in local areas. Methods The genotypes and polymorphisms of 38 speci-mens of P.canaliculata collected from Mengding Town of Lincang City were analyzed by sequencing COⅠgene.The phylogenet-ic tree and genetic distances were produced based on the haplotypes from GenBank and the present study by using the neighbour-joining method with the software MEGA version 6.06. Results Totally 31 sequences were acquired in the present study and they produced 3 unique haplotypes.Haplotype 1 showed a higher frequency compared to the others and it accounted for 83.9 % (26/31).The data showed that the least genetic distances ranged from 0 to 0.052 between P.canaliculata and 3 haplotypes,as well as the largest genetic distances ranged from 0.021 to 0.239 between Pila conica and 3 haplotypes.Otherwise,the analysis of the phylogenetic trees based on COⅠgene sequences of P.canaliculata indicated that all of 3 haplotypes clustered into one big clade with that from Japan(GenBank accession number: AB433769),China(GenBank accession number: KT313034)and USA(GenBank accession number:EU523129),which owned the closet relationship amongst them.Their genetic relationships were distantly related to the GenBank's reference sequences of P.insularum(GenBank accession number:EF514942),P.cam-ena(GenBank accession number: EF515059)and so on. Conclusion There is a P. canaliculata species in Lincang City of Yunnan Province as well as a high genetic diversity amongst the acquired 3 haplotypes in this study.

Objective To observe therapeutic effect of colon purification on hepatic encephalopathy. Methods 117 patients with hepatic encephalopathy treated in our hospital were randomly divided into the treatment-group (59 cases) and the control group (58 cases). Routine anti-coma hepaticum treatments were carried out in both treatment and control groups, and colon purification treatment was performed in the treatment group on basis of routine anti-coma hepaticum. The changes in symptoms and signs were observed, the grading scores of hepatic encephalopathy were evaluated, liver function was tested and blood ammonia level was determined before and after treatment in the two groups. Time for regaining consciousness was recorded after treatment in the two groups. Results The symptoms and signs were obviously improved, time for regaining consciousness was shortened, the grading scores decreased, and serum aminotransferase activity and bilirubin level and blood ammonia level significantly decreased in the treatment group as compared with those of the control group. Total effective rate in the treatment was significantly higher than that in the control group and death rate in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion Colon purification treatment is effective for hepatic encephalopathy due to cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVETo characterize the diarrheal patients with Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infections and to set up the first baseline for S. typhimurium pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns in Henan province, thus laying a foundation for comprehensive surveillance of Salmonella in human as well as foods.

METHODSS. typhimurium isolates recovered from outpatients with diarrhea in Henan province from May to October of 2006 were characterized. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of 8 antimicrobial agents and PFGE were carried out to analyze the S. typhimurium isolates.

RESULTSTwenty-four (0.9%) S. typhimurium isolates were identified from 2661 stool specimens of diarrheal cases. Eighty-eight percent of isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent. The resistance to chloramphenicol (79%) was most common. Fifty-eight percent of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. All the 14 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were resistant to more than five antimicrobial agents. Thirty-three percent of S. typhimurium isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (R-type ACSSuT). Eight antimicrobia-resistant phenotypes were found among the 24 isolates in 16 PFGE patterns.

CONCLUSIONThe rate of multidrug-resistant S. typhimurium is relatively high in S. typhimurium PFGE patterns of Henan province. Multidrug-resistant S. typhimurium should be considered a public health threat.

Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outpatients ; Salmonella Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Salmonella typhimurium ; classification ; drug effects ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the serologic type, phage-biotype and toxic factor of Vibrio cholerae isolated from different sea products, analyze the relation between the Vibrio cholerae in sea products and cholera epidemiology, and provide references for forecasting cholera epidemic situation and drawing out a preventing plan.

METHODThe biotype of strains isolated was analyzed by using type and phage-biotype serological methods. The toxic gene was detected by PCR.

RESULTSThe constituent ratio of V. cholerae O139, Ogawa and Inaba were, respectively, 48.44%, 20.31% and 31.25% in 64 strains of V. cholerae. The result of phage-biotype showed that the 26 strains of V. cholerae O1 were all non-epidemic strains. The result of toxic gene detecting showed that positive rate of V. cholerae O139 was higher than those of Ogawa and Inaba.

CONCLUSIONThe positive rate of toxic gene in V. cholerae O139 was high and the V. cholerae O139 was mainly in turtle, breed aquatics water and crustacean, so these sea products were the important sectors in cholera prevention and control.

Animals ; Bacteriophage Typing ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Seafood ; microbiology ; Serotyping ; Vibrio cholerae ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Vibrio cholerae O1 ; isolation & purification ; Vibrio cholerae O139 ; isolation & purification