Objective To compare diagnostic value of ~(18)F-fluoredeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT with contrast-enhanced CT in detecting primary hepatic carcinoma and postoperative recurrence.Methods Twenty-five cases of primary hepatic carcinoma or postoperative recurrent tumor underwent whole-body ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT within one week's interval.They were retrospectively reviewed and the difierences between these two modalities were investigated.Results Of these 25 cases,there were 13 cases with primary hepatocellular carcinoma.1 case with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 11 cases with postoperative recurrence.The sensitivity of 18 F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT in diagnosing primary hepatic carcinoma was 78.6%(11/14) and 92.9%(13/14),and sensitivity in diagnosing postoperative recurrent was 100.0%(11/11) and 63.6%(7/11) respectively.Conclusion Contrast-enhanced CT may have a slight advantage over PET/CT in detecting primary hepatic carcinoma,but ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT combined with contrast-enhanced CT has even greater accuracy.Meanwhile,~(18)F-FDG PET/CT has better diagnostic accuracy in detection of postoperative recurrent tumor.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the correlation between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in primary lung cancer cells, tumor associated macrophages (TAM) and patients' clinicopathological characteristics.

METHODSFrom 2008 to 2010, 208 non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent surgery or CT-guided biopsy were recruited from Huadong Hospital, Fudan University. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate the PD-L1 expression in both primary lung cancer cells and CD68 positive TAM. The relationship between PD-L1 expression and the clinical pathology was evaluated using χ(2) test. Spearman's rank correlations were used to determine the correlation between PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and macrophages.

RESULTSPositive PD-L1 expression in primary cancer cells was found in 136 (65.3%) patients, which were negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.009) and smoking history (P=0.036). Besides, TAM with PD-L1 expression (found in 116 patients) was positively associated with smoking history (P=0.034), well-differentiation (P=0.029) and negative lymph node metastasis (P=0.0096). A correlation between PD-L1 expression in primary tumor cells and non-small cell lung cancer associated macrophages was found (r=0.228, P=0.021).

CONCLUSIONPD-L1, secreted from TAM, might induce cancer cells apoptosis, and decrease lymph node metastasis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apoptosis ; B7-H1 Antigen ; secretion ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; secretion ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; secretion ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Macrophages ; pathology ; secretion ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo construct a co- culture system of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells and investigate the alterations of connexin 43 (CX43) expression and stromal derived growth factor (SDF)- 1α secretion of MSC.

METHODSCX43 expression and SDF- 1α secretion of MM cell lines (RPMI8226) and human primary MM cells were analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence. Western blot, RT- PCR and immunofluorescence were employed to detect the alterations of CX43 expression and distribution in MSC directly and indirectly co-cultured with myeloma cells. Lucifer yellow dye spread was utilized to evaluate gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between co- cultured MSC. Transwell was applied to study the transmigration of RPMI8266 induced by MSC under the condition of 18α- glycyrrhetinic acid (18α-GA). The level of SDF- 1α was detected by EILSA.

RESULTSRPMI8266, U266 and one-third primary MM cells expressed CX43 at low or moderate levels. CX43 wasn't expressed in XG- 4 and XG- 7 cells but highly expressed in MSC. The expressions of CX43 mRNA of MSC were up- regulated after directly and indirectly co- cultured with RPMI8226, 1.36 and 2.10 times that of MSC cultured alone respectively. Western blot analysis showed that CX43 protein expression of MSC was also up-regulated, mainly distributed in cytoplasm. Lucifer yellow dye spread showed that GJIC was up-regulated in MSC. SDF-1α concentration in supernatant of MSC directly and indirectly co-cultured with RPMI8226 were (373.02±10.11)pg/ml and (309.71±10.71)pg/ml respectively, which were higher than that of MSC cultured alone (237.84±9.23)pg/ml (P<0.01), and could be inhibited by 18α-GA [(237.84±9.23)pg/ml and (94.31±6.44)pg/ml] respectively (P<0.01). 18α-GA could inhibit the transmigration of RPMI8226 induced by MSC, decrease from (8.00±0.67)% to (4.82±0.19)%.

CONCLUSIONCX43 expression of MSC was up-regulated after directly and indirectly co-cultured with MM cells, which could improve the level of SDF-1α secretion of MSC. GJ inhibitor could downregulate SDF-1α secretion of MSC and inhibit the transmigration of MM cells induced by MSC.

Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; secretion ; Coculture Techniques ; Connexin 43 ; secretion ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the potential of yolk sac mesenchymal stem cells in osteogenic differentiation.

METHODSMurine yolk sacs were harvested on day 8.5 postcoitus, yolk sac cells were obtained after the yolk sacs were digested by 0.1% type I collagenase for 1 hour, the non-adherent cells were removed after being cultured for 1 hour. The adherent cells were cultured in DMEM containing of 5 ng/ml bFGF and 15% FBS, and passaged when they became subconfluent. The morphologic characteristics, and AKP, BMP-2, as well as type I, III collagen of the yolk sac adherent cells were observed and tested. The attached cells were treated with 10(-8) mol/L dexamethasone, 10 mmol/L beta-glycerophosphate, and 50 micrograms/ml vitamin C at passage 4. Alternations of morphological characteristic, AKP activity, collagen of type I, III and mineralization were detected.

RESULTSPure mesenchymal stem cells which were of spindle shape, uniform in size, positive in type I, III collagen staining and weak positive in AKP activity could be induced to pleomorphism osteoblast-like cells in vitro. The cells were transformed from spindle shape to polygonal cells which were positive in type I collagen, negative in type III collagen, strong positive in BMP-2, and positive in Von Kossa's stain at week 8. The polygonal cells could form nodular structure and their AKP activity was increased. All these were coincidence with the characters of osteoblast.

CONCLUSIONYolk sac mesenchymal stem cell can be purified and induced to osteoblast in vitro.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; biosynthesis ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Mesoderm ; cytology ; Mice ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Osteogenesis ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Yolk Sac ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo study the liver targeted drug delivery system of TBMS--the effective anticancer component from Bolbstemma paniculatum, and to discuss the system's function of decreasing toxicity.

METHODBCA was used as carrier material. The preparation through overall feedback dynamic techniques. The properties of preparation and toxicology were also technology of nanoparticles was optimized studied. Thenanoparticles' targeting in mice vivo was observed with transmission electron microscopy. The function of decreasing toxicity was researched by the XXTX-2000 automatic quantitative analysis management system.

RESULTD50 was 0.68 microm. Drug-loading rate and entrapment rate were 37.3% and 88.6% respectively. The release in vitro accorded with Weibull equation. The reaching release balance time and the t 1/2 extended 26 times and 19 times respectively comparing with injection. Nanoparticles mainly distributed in liver tissue. Their toxicity to lung and liver was evidently lower than injection. Nanoparticles' LD50 exceeded injection's by 13.5% and their stimulus was much lower than injection.

CONCLUSIONThe TBMS can be targeted to liver by liver targeted drug delivery system. At the same time, the problem about the toxicity hindering clinical application could be solved, which lays the foundation for the further studies on TBMS.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Excipients ; Liver ; metabolism ; Mice ; Nanostructures ; Particle Size ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVESTo determine the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in testis and to investigate the effects of NO on the reproductive function of testis.

METHODSTestes of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. The paraffin sections were made as routine. Immunohistochemical ABC method was used to observe the localization of NOS.

RESULTSEndothelia NOS (eNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS) and inductive NOS (iNOS) were all expressed in Leydig cells. Only eNOS was expressed in peritubular myoid cells, endothelial and smooth muscle cells of blood vessel, while only nNOS expressed in tunica adventitia of testicular blood vessels. The reactive substance distributes in cytoplasm with negative nuclei. Immunoreactivity for eNOS, nNOS and iNOS in all spermatogenic cells was negative.

CONCLUSIONSThree kinds of NOS were all expressed in testis and the distribution of different NOS had a little difference.

Animals ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis ; enzymology

Objective To find out the perception status of Kaschin-Beck disease(KBD)-related knowledge among residents in Aba KBD areas. Methods In 2009, hierarchical clustering random sampling method was used to select 13 villages as survey points in Aba KBD areas, general demographic characteristics, KBD prevalence and KBD-related knowledge of residents were investigated. Results Of the residents investigated, the understanding rate of KBD-related knowledge was 36.7% (7361/20 080), understanding rate among female [40.2% (4427/11012) ]was high than that of male[32.3%(2934/9084), x2 = 134.80, P ＜ 0.05];50-year group[42.5%(2789/6562] was higher than others;Tibetan [42.8% (6775/15829)] was higher than other nationals;residents in Semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas [47.2% (5777/12239)] was higher than people in other areas ;farmer [42.6% (4585/10762) ],people who lost labor ability [42.7% (1487/3482)] and the unemployed [42.8% (941/2199) ] was higher;married people[41.6%(6067/14584)] was higher;KBD patients[47.6%(4585/9632)] was higher[x2 = 92.41,148.04,578.56,116.35,36.96,371.29 respectively, all P ＜ 0.05]. Sixty three point nine persent (978/1530) acquired KBD knowledge through explaination by medical and health personnel. Conclusions The current situation of perception of KBD-related knowledge among residents in Aba KBD areas is not optimistic. Understanding rate among residents with different demographic characteristics is significantly different. Targeted health education strategies and measures should be developed among different population groups.

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution and metabolism of methamphetamine in the hair of guinea pig. METHODS: Determination of methamphetamine and its metabolite amphetamine in hair was performed by GC/MS and GC/NPD. Concentration-time course of methamphetamine and amphetamine in hair of guinea were recorded. Relationship between hair color, administrated dose and drug concentration in hair were also discussed. RESULTS: The concentration of amphetamine is higher than the concentration of methamphetamine in the hair of guinea administrated a single dose or seven doses of methamphetamine. The concentration of methamphetamine and amphetamine were significantly related with administration dose and the incorporation rate into white and brown hair is much poorer than that of black hair. CONCLUSION Administration methods, dose and the color of hair affect the concentration of methamphetamine and amphetamine.
Amphetamine/metabolism* ; Animals ; Guinea Pigs ; Hair/metabolism* ; Hair Color ; Male ; Methamphetamine/metabolism*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Chaiqin Chengqi Decoction (,CQCQD) on cholecystokinin receptor 1 (CCKR1)-mediated signal transduction of pancreatic acinar cell in rats with acute necrotic pancreatitis (ANP).

METHODSTwenty-seven Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: the control group, the ANP group, and the CQCQD group (9 in each group). ANP rats were induced by two intraperitoneal injections of 8% L-arginine (pH=7.0, 4.4 g/kg) over a 2-h period. Rats were treated with 1.5 mL/100 g body weight of CQCQD (CQCQD group) or physiological saline (control and ANP groups) at 2 h interval. And 6 h after induction, pancreatic tissues were collected for histopathological examination. Pancreatic acinar cells were isolated for determination of CCKR1 mRNA and protein expression, phospholipase C (PLC) and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3), and determination of fluorescence intensity (FI) as a measure of intracellular calcium ion concentration [Ca(2+)]i.

RESULTSThe pancreatic histopathological score (6.2 ± 1.1) and the levels of PLC (1,187.2 ± 228.2 μg/mL) and IP3 (872.2 ± 88.4 μg/mL) of acinar cells in the ANP group were higher than those in the control (2.8 ± 0.4, 682.5 ± 121.8 μg/mL, 518.4 ± 115.8 μg/mL) and the CQCQD (3.8 ± 0.8, 905.3 ± 78.5 μg/mL, 611.0 ± 42.5 μg/mL) groups (P<0.05). [Ca(2+)]i FI for the ANP group (34.8±27.0) was higher than that in the control (5.1 ± 2.2) and CQCQD (12.6 ± 2.5) groups (P<0.05). The expression of pancreatic acinar cell CCKR1 mRNA in the ANP group was up-regulated (expression ratio=1.761; P=0.024) compared with the control group. The expression of pancreatic acinar cell CCKR1 mRNA in the CQCQD group was down-regulated (expression ratio=0.311; P=0.035) compared with the ANP group. The ratio of gray values of the CCKR1 and β-actin in the ANP group (1.43 ± 0.17) was higher than those in the control (0.70 ± 0.15) and CQCQD (0.79 ± 0.11) groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPancreatic acinar cell calcium overload of ANP induced by L-arginine was related to the up-regulated expressions of pancreatic acinar cell CCKR1 mRNA and protein. CQCQD can down-regulate expressions of pancreatic acinar cell CCKR1 mRNA and protein to reduce the PLC and IP3 of pancreatic acinar cells, relieving the calcium overload and reducing the pathological changes in rats with ANP.

Acinar Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fluorescence ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate ; metabolism ; Pancreas ; pathology ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing ; drug therapy ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cholecystokinin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Type C Phospholipases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEThis is a study on the allele composing of ABO, FUT1 and FUT2 gene loci of 10 para-Bombay individuals in China.

METHODSTen samples coming from different districts of China were suspected of para-Bombay phenotype by primary serology tests. Routine and absorb-elution tests were conducted to identify their ABO type, and duplex polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied to getting their ABO genotype. Most of them were submitted to a test of their Lewis type as well. Then through direct DNA sequencing with PCR products of FUT1 and FUT2 genes, the genotypes of their H and SE gene loci were analyzed.

RESULTSIt can be confirmed that the 10 samples are para-Bombay. All of their ABO genotypes are consistent with the serological absorb-elution results and the substances detected results in saliva. Seven out of 10 have recessive homozygous gene at their H locus. Each phenotype of h1h1 (nt547-552Deltaag), h2h2 (nt880-882Deltatt) and h4h4 (nt35 t-->c) are ascertained in 2 individuals; moreover, h3h3 (nt 658 c-->t) is identified in one individual. The rest are hh heterozygous individuals: one is h3/h(new-1); the other is h2/h(new-2); the last one is h1/h2. The h(new-1) (nt586 c-->t) allele has a point mutation at nt 586 C to T, which leads a nonsense mutation Gln(CAG) to stop (TAG).The second h (new-2) (nt328 g-->a) has an nt328 G to A missense mutation,which leads Ala (GCC),was replaced by Thr (ACC) at 110 amino acid position. All the 10 samples have Se (nt357 c-->t) synonymous mutation. One Bm(h) (B/O) individual with h4h4 phenotype has a Se(w)(nt357 c-->t; nt385 a-->t) allele, whose Lewis type is Le(a+b+). Moreover, the authors detected a (nt716 g-->a) mutation in two samples' Se gene.

CONCLUSIONFour kinds of known h alleles (h1-h4), 2 kinds of novel non-functional FUT1 alleles, a Se(w) allele, and a novel SeG716A polymorphism in Chinese para-Bombay individuals were detected. At the same time, the authors noticed that all the 10 samples have the nt357 c-->t mutation in their FUT2 gene.

ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Alleles ; China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Fucosyltransferases ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; genetics ; Mutation, Missense ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length