Objective To analyze clinical features and sum up experience for the treatment of ischemic bowel disease. Methods Clinical data of 73 patients with the diagnosis of ischemic bowel disease were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsTwenty-eight patients were male and 45 patients were female. The median of age was 65 years (range of 38 to 89 years). Forty-eight patients were associated with hypertension, 23%(17/73) patients had a history of coronary disease and 15% (11/73) had diabetes. Seventy patients presented symptom of abdominal pain and 93% (68/73) had hematochezia. Symptoms relieved by conservative treatment in 96% (63/66) patients. Nine patients underwent a surgery. One patient died of sepsis postoperatively. One suffered from colostomy necrosis and leakage of the rectum segment. Conclusion 1. Elder patients presenting symptoms of abdominal pain and hematochezia, especially with a history of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and diabetes should be considered for the possibility of ischemic bowel disease. 2. Most patients with ischemic bowel disease could be successfully treated by conservative therapy. 3. Surgery for patients with chronic relapsing and nonresponsible symptoms was difficult and patients often suffer from high postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVETo improve the X-ray diagnosis of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (VCS).

METHODSA blinded design research. The X-ray signs both 60 patients with VCS and 60 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were collected from January 2011 to November 2012. There were 36 males and 84 females, aged from 25 to 65 years old with an average of (48.4 ± 12.3) years old. Cervical curvature, atlanto-occipital joint angle, atlanto-axial joint angle, C2/C3 joint angle and lower cervical instability condition and segmental distribution were measured and recorded by X-rays. These data were analyzed and compared between the two groups after unblended. Combined with clinical manifestations,the X-ray imaging features of VCS were further analyzed.

RESULTSThere was significant difference in cervical curvature between two groups in anteflexion X-ray films (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in extension degree of atlanto-occipital joint angle between two groups (P < 0.01). There was significant difference in atlanto-axial joint angle between two groups in lateral X-ray films (P< 0.05). There was significant.difference in anteflexion degree of atlanto-axial joint angle between two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in C2/C3 joint angle between two groups. There was no significant difference in the lower cervical instability condition and segmental distribution between two groups. In VCS group, the mild and moderate dizziness was main symptom, flexion and extension activities of neck was most common cause in the dizziness; and always accompanied with headache; tenderness mostly concentrated in the upper cervical area.

CONCLUSIONBoth X-ray signs and clinical manifestations can prompt the abnormalities of the upper cervical structure or function in patients with VCS. Anteflexion activities of neck observed by functional position of X-ray films should be emphasized in diagnosis of VCS.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiculopathy ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Spondylosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Vertebral Artery ; X-Rays

BACKGROUNDPreeclampsia, especially early onset of preeclampsia (PE), is a common and serious disorder with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Dietary factor is one of the most important factors which may affect the occurrence and development of the disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary factors on pathological changes of liver and placenta in preeclampsia-like mouse model by establishing the model at multiple stages of gestation.

METHODSWild-type (WT) mice were injected subcutaneously with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 50 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)) to establish PE-like model (L-NAME group) at early-, mid-, and late-pregnant periods respectively; simultaneously, the control mice were injected with normal saline (NS group). All the groups were divided into subgroups, standard chow group (SC), and high-fat diet group (HF). ApoE(-/-) pregnant mice served as a control group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), urine protein, and histopathologic changes of placenta and liver in all groups were observed and statistically analyzed.

RESULTSIn WT and apoE(-/-) L-NAME subgroups, blood pressure and urine protein were significantly higher than those in all the gestational age matched NS groups (P < 0.05). Compared to other groups, remarkable liver fatty infiltration and lipid storage in placenta were found in early- and mid-L-NAME subgroups in apoE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05), especially in the early- and mid-HF+L-NAME subgroups in apoE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05). More lipid storage droplets both in liver and placenta were found in ApoE(-/-) mice than that of WT groups (P < 0.05). Morphology histopathologic examination of placentas showed varying degrees of fibrinoid necrosis and villous interstitial edema in early- and mid-L-NAME both in HF and SC of apoE(-/-) and WT subgroups compared to NS controls (P < 0.05). But there was no significant difference between HF and SC subgroups (P > 0.05), and no difference between apoE(-/-) and WT groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPreeclampsia-like conditions could be induced by L-NAME in mice at different gestational stages. Both WT and apoE(-/-) genotype mice with preeclampsia-like symptoms in early and mid stages of pregnancy presented lipid deposition in the placenta and hepatic fatty infiltration. To alter the environmental condition by feeding high-fat diet was harmful to the mother and the fetus. High-fat diet aggravated the impact of liver fatty infiltration at early and mid gestational stages especially in the apoE(-/-) mouse model. These results further revealed the association between early-onset preeclampsia and the dysoxidation of fatty acids.

Animals ; Apolipoproteins E ; deficiency ; genetics ; Diet, High-Fat ; Female ; Genotype ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; pharmacology ; Placenta ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUNDEarly and late-onset preeclampsia is thought to be different disease entities. This study aimed to determine the effects of early-onset preeclampsia-like symptoms on feto-placental outcomes and the adverse impacts of various factors on placental and fetal growth and development at different gestational stages in a mouse model.

METHODSPregnant C57BL/6J mice were divided into control and preeclampsia (PE) groups, and injected subcutaneously with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 50 mgxkg(-1)d(-1). The PE group was divided into early-, mid- and late-PE groups with L-NAME injections starting on days 7, 11 and 16 of pregnancy, respectively. Corresponding control groups were injected with saline at the same time points. Blood pressure was measured until days 14 and 18, when the fetuses and placentas were removed under anesthesia. Blood pressure, urinary protein, and fetal and placental conditions were analyzed.

RESULTSBlood pressure and urinary protein increased following L-NAME injection. The fetal survival rate and fetal weight were reduced and the fetal absorption rate was increased in the early-PE group on days 14 and 18 of pregnancy, compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in these parameters between the late-PE group and the respective control group. Placental weights in the early- and mid-PE groups were significantly reduced at days 14 and 18 of pregnancy compared with the control groups, but there was no significant difference in placental weight between the late-PE group and the respective control group. Morphologic examination of placentas from the early- and mid-PE groups showed varying degrees of fibrinoid necrosis and villous interstitial edema, but no significant pathologic changes were found in the placentas from the late-PE or control groups.

CONCLUSIONPreeclampsia-like symptoms occurring during the early stage of pregnancy are more likely to affect placental and fetal development, whereas late onset preeclampsia-like symptoms have a direct impact on the mothers.

Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Fetal Resorption ; etiology ; Fetal Weight ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Organ Size ; Placenta ; pathology ; Pre-Eclampsia ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUNDPreeclampsia is one of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. It is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation metabolism. Long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) plays an indispensable role in the oxidation of fatty acids. It has been reported that nitric oxide (NO) is one of the regulatory factors of the fatty acid oxidation pathway. The aim of this research was to investigate whether the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME may cause down-regulation of LCHAD in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

METHODSPregnant wild-type (WT) mice were treated with L-NAME or normal saline (NS) during gestation days 7 - 18 (early group), days 11 - 18 (mid group) and days 16 - 18 (late group), and apoE-/- mice served as a control. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), urine protein, feto-placental outcome, plasma lipid levels and NO concentrations were measured, and the expression of mRNA and protein for LCHAD in placental tissue were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively.

RESULTSIn WT and apoE-/- mice, SBP and urinary protein increased following L-NAME injection. Fetal and placental weights and NO concentrations were reduced and total cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acid levels were increased in early and mid L-NAME groups in WT and apoE-/- mice, compared with the NS group. There was no significant difference between the late L-NAME group and NS group. RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that the mRNA and protein levels of LCHAD expression were significantly down-regulated in the early and mid L-NAME groups but not in the late L-NAME group in the WT and apoE-/- mice compared with the corresponding NS groups.

CONCLUSIONSInhibition of NO in early and mid gestation in mice may cause hyperlipidemia and suppression of fatty acid oxidation, whereas preeclampsia-like conditions in late gestation may be a maternal vascular response to inhibition of NO.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids ; metabolism ; Female ; Mice ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pre-Eclampsia ; chemically induced ; etiology ; Pregnancy

Based on data related to human brucellosis which was collected from the national notifiable infectious disease reporting system in the 6 provinces(Inner Mongolia,Shanxi,Heilongjiang,Shaanxi,Jilin and Liaoning)of north China from 2004 to 2007,at the county scale.Data would include age and gender standardized mortality ratios(SMRs)while ESDA was including histograms,box plots and box maps,global and local Moran' s I statistics,etc.The global Moran' s I values from 2004 to 2007 were 0.2581,0.4574,0.4457,0.4841,respectively and all with statistically significant differences.Most of local Moran' s I values were significant positive statistically.High-high counties were mainly in the northeast,most of which were pastoral areas,but the farming-pastoral areas and agricultural areas/town had an increasing trend over time.Low-low counties were mainly in the western and southern areas and most of which were agricultural areas/towns.Low-high counties appeared to be rare,mainly around the counties with high incidence,mainly belonged to agricultural areas/towns.The incidence rates of brucellosis in the six provinces of north China had a trend of increase from 2004 to 2007,namely spreading from east to west,from south to north,and from pastoral areas to farming-pastoral areas and agricultural areas/towns.ESDA could be used to develop effective measures for prevention and control of brucellosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence of injuries among residents living in the communities in Zhejiang.

METHODSA household questionnaire survey was conducted to 16 899 residents in four communities.

RESULTSThe incidence of injuries was 16.11% in total, higher in urban area than in rural area and higher in men than in women. The leading causes of injuries were falls (4.80%), knife-cutting or by sharp articles (3.86%), traffic accident (2.07%), collision (1.99%), scalds (1.13%) and animal bites (1.06%). Peak incidence of age group was different in different injuries, such as traffic accident was high in 45 - 60 age group and falls was high in 5 and 60 age group. Direct economic loss for each case with injury would cost 324.21 RMB yuan.

CONCLUSIONInjury was common and frequently occurred among residents at the community level which seriously on danger their health and families.

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Bites and Stings ; epidemiology ; Burns ; epidemiology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Community Health Services ; Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology ; mortality

A single dose of 3H-norcantharidin solution was intragastrically given, blood, tissues, urine and feces were collected as scheduled, and radioactivity in these samples was determined by tritium tracing method to investigate the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of norcantharidin in Kunming mice. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of norcantharidin were evaluated by DAS version 2.0. The blood concentration reached to maximum 0. 5 h after intragastric administration. The radioactivity in tissues was high in small intestine, gallbladder, stomach, adrenal gland, kidney, heart and uterus 15 minutes after administration, descending with time, and high in gallbladder, adrenal gland and uterus 3 hours post dosing. The 24 h accumulative excretion ratio of urine and feces were 65.40% and 1.33% respectively. 3H-norcantharidin was easily absorbed after orally given to mice, the radioactivity was high and existed for a long-time in gallbladder, adrenal gland and uterus, and low but also existed for a long-time in large intestine, thymus and fat tissue. 3H-norcantharidin was declined quickly in small intestine, stomach, kidney and heart, and occurred rarely in brain. Norcantharidin was excreted mainly by urinary route and seldom in feces, which may be the cause of the urinary stimulation side effects observed. Because the radioactivity measured were the sum of 3H labeled norcantharidin and its metabolites, further studies on the disposition of norcantharidin in mammal animals, on the separation or identification of metabolites and, if any, on their activities, are fairly needed.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Feces ; chemistry ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Random Allocation ; Tissue Distribution ; Tritium

AIMTo establish the model of oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro rat hippocampal neurons.

METHODSThe hippocampal neurons cultured for 12 d were exposed to combined oxygen-glucose deprivation for 0.5-4 h and then cultured with original medium in normoxia for 24 h. Auto-biochemical analyzer determined LDH activity. The change of neuronal morphology and neuron survival were observed by converted contrast microscope and assessed by photography analysis system. Neuron apoptosis was detected by using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nickel end labeling (TUNEL) method.

RESULTSThe neurons swelled, LDH release increased and neuron survival decreased after gradually oxygen-glucose deprivation. The percentage of apoptosis increased obviously 24 h after recovering the supply of oxygen and glucose.

CONCLUSIONThe model of oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro rat hippocampal neurons is established successfully by using the modified ACSF (artificial cerebral spinal fluid) with serum and glucose free.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Glucose ; deficiency ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; Neurons ; cytology ; Oxygen ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Twenty-two compounds were isolated from the flowers of Scabiosa tschilliensis. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods as octacosanol (1), stearic acid (2), β-sitosterol (3), oleanolic acid (4), apigenin (5), luteolin (6), daucosterol (7), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-6-O-(p-hydroxycinnamoyl) -glucopyranoside (8), kaempferol-3-O-β-D- (3, 6-di-p-(hydroxycinnamoyl) -glucopyranoside (9), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), apigenin-7-O-rutinoside (12), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13), apigenin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (14), caffeic acid methyl ester (15), loganin (16), adenosine (17), luteolin-6-C-β-D-glycopyranosyl (18), sweroside (19), sylvestrosides I (20), sylvestrosides II (21), urceolide (22). Among them, compounds 1, 2, 7-9, 12, 15, 17-18, 20-22 were isolated from the genus Scabiosa for the first time, and compounds 1-4, 6-9, 11-12, 14-22 were isolated from this plant for the first time. 13C-NMR data of 22 were reported for the first time.
Dipsacaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization